RENDERED: FEBRUARY 24, 2023; 10:00 A.M. NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
Commonwealth of Kentucky Court of Appeals
NO. 2021-CA-1113-MR
NATASHA L. YORK APPELLANT
APPEAL FROM CRITTENDEN CIRCUIT COURT v. HONORABLE DEANNA WISE HENSCHEL, SPECIAL JUDGE ACTION NO. 15-CI-00128
JOSH D. YORK APPELLEE
OPINION AFFIRMING
** ** ** ** **
BEFORE: DIXON, MCNEILL, AND TAYLOR, JUDGES.
MCNEILL, JUDGE: Natasha L. York (“Natasha”) appeals from an order of the
Crittenden Family Court denying her motion to enforce a marital settlement
agreement which would require Josh D. York (“Josh”) to pay one-half of increased
health care coverage costs. The family court found that the increased cost was not
reasonable and granted Josh’s motion to modify child support. Finding no error,
we affirm. Natasha and Josh were married in 2001 and have three minor children
together. In 2015, the parties entered into a marital separation agreement and
petitioned the Crittenden Family Court to dissolve the marriage. Included in the
agreement was a provision concerning medical care coverage for the children. At
the time of the separation, Natasha had health insurance through her employer, the
Kentucky Department of Corrections. The separation agreement provided that
“Wife shall maintain health insurance on the minor children as long as it is
provided through her employment. In the event the Wife’s employer no longer
offers health insurance, the parties will split the cost of health insurance coverage
for the minor children.”
On January 6, 2016, the family court adopted the separation
agreement and dissolved the marriage. In 2021, Natasha voluntarily left her job at
the Department of Corrections to work at her new husband’s law practice.1 Her
new job did not offer health insurance and as a result, the children’s health
insurance cost increased from $156.28 per month to $640.88. Natasha petitioned
the family court to enforce the settlement agreement and require that Josh pay one-
half of the increased cost.
1 Natasha married Robert B. Frazer on October 19, 2019. Mr. Frazer represents Natasha on appeal.
-2- Josh objected that the increased cost was unreasonable and requested
the court set a reasonable amount to be split evenly between the parties. He also
filed a motion to modify his child support obligation. Following a hearing, the
family court entered an order implicitly denying Natasha’s motion to enforce the
settlement agreement and modifying Josh’s child support obligation to $503 per
month.
The court found that the increased health insurance cost, from $156.28
to $640.88, represented a material change in circumstances under KRS2 403.213
warranting a modification of child support. The court further found that the
increased cost was not reasonable under KRS 403.211 and that there was no good
cause to require Josh to pay more than the statute defined as reasonable. In
calculating child support, the court gave Natasha a credit of $138 per month,
representing 5% of her gross income, the maximum percentage allowed under the
statute as reasonable cost for health care coverage. This appeal followed.
“The trial court is vested with broad discretion in the establishment,
enforcement, and modification of child support.” Bjelland v. Bjelland, 408 S.W.3d
86, 87 (Ky. App. 2013). “Accordingly, this court reviews child support matters
under an abuse of discretion standard, i.e., whether the decision was arbitrary,
unreasonable, unfair, or unsupported by sound legal principles.” Id. (citation
2 Kentucky Revised Statutes.
-3- omitted). “[G]enerally, as long as the trial court gives due consideration to the
parties’ financial circumstances and the child’s needs, and either conforms to the
statutory prescriptions or adequately justifies deviating therefrom, this Court will
not disturb its rulings.” Van Meter v. Smith, 14 S.W.3d 569, 572 (Ky. App. 2000)
(citation omitted).
As an initial matter, we must address the deficiency of Natasha’s
appellate brief. Her argument section fails to make “reference to the record
showing whether the issue was properly preserved for review and, if so, in what
manner” as required by RAP3 32(A)(4). We require a statement of preservation:
so that we, the reviewing Court, can be confident the issue was properly presented to the trial court and therefore, is appropriate for our consideration. It also has a bearing on whether we employ the recognized standard of review, or in the case of an unpreserved error, whether palpable error review is being requested and may be granted.
Oakley v. Oakley, 391 S.W.3d 377, 380 (Ky. App. 2012).
“Our options when an appellate advocate fails to abide by the rules
are: (1) to ignore the deficiency and proceed with the review; (2) to strike the brief
or its offending portions, [RAP 31(H)(1)]; or (3) to review the issues raised in the
brief for manifest injustice only[.]” Hallis v. Hallis, 328 S.W.3d 694, 696 (Ky.
App. 2010) (citing Elwell v. Stone, 799 S.W.2d 46, 47 (Ky. App. 1990)). Because
3 Kentucky Rules of Appellate Procedure.
-4- the record is small, and we have been able to determine Natasha’s arguments were
properly preserved, we will ignore the deficiency and proceed with the review.
Natasha’s main contention is that the family court erred in failing to
enforce the separation agreement to require that Josh pay one-half of the increased
cost of health insurance. In essence, she argues the family court was bound by the
terms of the parties’ agreement. We disagree.
“[W]hile . . . parties are free to enter into a separation agreement to
promote settlement of the divorce, the court still retains control over child custody,
support, and visitation and is not bound by the parties’ agreement in those areas.”
Tilley v. Tilley, 947 S.W.2d 63, 65 (Ky. App. 1997). Natasha cites Nelson v.
Ecklar, 588 S.W.3d 872, 878 (Ky. App. 2019), in support of her argument,
however, that case simply reflects that a court may enforce the terms of a
separation agreement in child support matters, not that it must. In fact, in Nelson
we rejected the argument that a marital settlement agreement governs in child
support matters, noting that “it directly contradicts this court’s reasoning in Tilley
and would undermine the control family courts retain over child support, even
when parties enter into agreements.” Nelson, 588 S.W.3d at 877 (citing Tilley, 947
S.W.2d at 65).
The family court determined the increased health insurance cost was
not reasonable and therefore declined to order the parties to provide health
-5- insurance. KRS 403.211(7)(a) requires a parent to provide health coverage if
accessible and reasonable in cost. “Reasonable in cost” means that the cost of
coverage is less than or equal to five percent (5%) of the responsible parent’s
income.
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RENDERED: FEBRUARY 24, 2023; 10:00 A.M. NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
Commonwealth of Kentucky Court of Appeals
NO. 2021-CA-1113-MR
NATASHA L. YORK APPELLANT
APPEAL FROM CRITTENDEN CIRCUIT COURT v. HONORABLE DEANNA WISE HENSCHEL, SPECIAL JUDGE ACTION NO. 15-CI-00128
JOSH D. YORK APPELLEE
OPINION AFFIRMING
** ** ** ** **
BEFORE: DIXON, MCNEILL, AND TAYLOR, JUDGES.
MCNEILL, JUDGE: Natasha L. York (“Natasha”) appeals from an order of the
Crittenden Family Court denying her motion to enforce a marital settlement
agreement which would require Josh D. York (“Josh”) to pay one-half of increased
health care coverage costs. The family court found that the increased cost was not
reasonable and granted Josh’s motion to modify child support. Finding no error,
we affirm. Natasha and Josh were married in 2001 and have three minor children
together. In 2015, the parties entered into a marital separation agreement and
petitioned the Crittenden Family Court to dissolve the marriage. Included in the
agreement was a provision concerning medical care coverage for the children. At
the time of the separation, Natasha had health insurance through her employer, the
Kentucky Department of Corrections. The separation agreement provided that
“Wife shall maintain health insurance on the minor children as long as it is
provided through her employment. In the event the Wife’s employer no longer
offers health insurance, the parties will split the cost of health insurance coverage
for the minor children.”
On January 6, 2016, the family court adopted the separation
agreement and dissolved the marriage. In 2021, Natasha voluntarily left her job at
the Department of Corrections to work at her new husband’s law practice.1 Her
new job did not offer health insurance and as a result, the children’s health
insurance cost increased from $156.28 per month to $640.88. Natasha petitioned
the family court to enforce the settlement agreement and require that Josh pay one-
half of the increased cost.
1 Natasha married Robert B. Frazer on October 19, 2019. Mr. Frazer represents Natasha on appeal.
-2- Josh objected that the increased cost was unreasonable and requested
the court set a reasonable amount to be split evenly between the parties. He also
filed a motion to modify his child support obligation. Following a hearing, the
family court entered an order implicitly denying Natasha’s motion to enforce the
settlement agreement and modifying Josh’s child support obligation to $503 per
month.
The court found that the increased health insurance cost, from $156.28
to $640.88, represented a material change in circumstances under KRS2 403.213
warranting a modification of child support. The court further found that the
increased cost was not reasonable under KRS 403.211 and that there was no good
cause to require Josh to pay more than the statute defined as reasonable. In
calculating child support, the court gave Natasha a credit of $138 per month,
representing 5% of her gross income, the maximum percentage allowed under the
statute as reasonable cost for health care coverage. This appeal followed.
“The trial court is vested with broad discretion in the establishment,
enforcement, and modification of child support.” Bjelland v. Bjelland, 408 S.W.3d
86, 87 (Ky. App. 2013). “Accordingly, this court reviews child support matters
under an abuse of discretion standard, i.e., whether the decision was arbitrary,
unreasonable, unfair, or unsupported by sound legal principles.” Id. (citation
2 Kentucky Revised Statutes.
-3- omitted). “[G]enerally, as long as the trial court gives due consideration to the
parties’ financial circumstances and the child’s needs, and either conforms to the
statutory prescriptions or adequately justifies deviating therefrom, this Court will
not disturb its rulings.” Van Meter v. Smith, 14 S.W.3d 569, 572 (Ky. App. 2000)
(citation omitted).
As an initial matter, we must address the deficiency of Natasha’s
appellate brief. Her argument section fails to make “reference to the record
showing whether the issue was properly preserved for review and, if so, in what
manner” as required by RAP3 32(A)(4). We require a statement of preservation:
so that we, the reviewing Court, can be confident the issue was properly presented to the trial court and therefore, is appropriate for our consideration. It also has a bearing on whether we employ the recognized standard of review, or in the case of an unpreserved error, whether palpable error review is being requested and may be granted.
Oakley v. Oakley, 391 S.W.3d 377, 380 (Ky. App. 2012).
“Our options when an appellate advocate fails to abide by the rules
are: (1) to ignore the deficiency and proceed with the review; (2) to strike the brief
or its offending portions, [RAP 31(H)(1)]; or (3) to review the issues raised in the
brief for manifest injustice only[.]” Hallis v. Hallis, 328 S.W.3d 694, 696 (Ky.
App. 2010) (citing Elwell v. Stone, 799 S.W.2d 46, 47 (Ky. App. 1990)). Because
3 Kentucky Rules of Appellate Procedure.
-4- the record is small, and we have been able to determine Natasha’s arguments were
properly preserved, we will ignore the deficiency and proceed with the review.
Natasha’s main contention is that the family court erred in failing to
enforce the separation agreement to require that Josh pay one-half of the increased
cost of health insurance. In essence, she argues the family court was bound by the
terms of the parties’ agreement. We disagree.
“[W]hile . . . parties are free to enter into a separation agreement to
promote settlement of the divorce, the court still retains control over child custody,
support, and visitation and is not bound by the parties’ agreement in those areas.”
Tilley v. Tilley, 947 S.W.2d 63, 65 (Ky. App. 1997). Natasha cites Nelson v.
Ecklar, 588 S.W.3d 872, 878 (Ky. App. 2019), in support of her argument,
however, that case simply reflects that a court may enforce the terms of a
separation agreement in child support matters, not that it must. In fact, in Nelson
we rejected the argument that a marital settlement agreement governs in child
support matters, noting that “it directly contradicts this court’s reasoning in Tilley
and would undermine the control family courts retain over child support, even
when parties enter into agreements.” Nelson, 588 S.W.3d at 877 (citing Tilley, 947
S.W.2d at 65).
The family court determined the increased health insurance cost was
not reasonable and therefore declined to order the parties to provide health
-5- insurance. KRS 403.211(7)(a) requires a parent to provide health coverage if
accessible and reasonable in cost. “Reasonable in cost” means that the cost of
coverage is less than or equal to five percent (5%) of the responsible parent’s
income. KRS 403.211(8)(a). Here, one-half of the increased health insurance cost
($320.44) is more than five percent of Josh’s gross income ($4,250). Therefore,
Josh was not required under the statute to pay the increased health care coverage
cost.
KRS 403.211(8)(a) further provides that the court may order the
parties to provide health care coverage that costs more than five percent of a
parent’s gross income if the parties agree or for good cause. The family court
specifically found that Natasha leaving her long-term job with reasonable health
insurance to take a job with an excessive health premium did not constitute good
cause to require Josh to pay more than the statute defined as reasonable. The
court’s decision to not order Josh to pay health insurance costs above five percent
of his gross income was not an abuse of discretion.
Natasha next argues the family court improperly modified the child
support obligation based upon the change in insurance cost instead of a material
change in incomes. However, “KRS 403.213 does not require there to be a change
in either party s income before a trial court may modify an existing child support
award.” Wiegand v. Wiegand, 862 S.W.2d 336, 337 (Ky. App. 1993). The statute
-6- merely requires “a material change in circumstances that is substantial and
continuing.” KRS 403.213(1). Here, the family court found that the increase in
health care coverage cost constituted such a change. “Under KRS 403.213(2), a
change in circumstances is rebuttably presumed to be substantial if application of
the child-support guidelines (KRS 403.212) to the new circumstances would result
in a change in the amount of child support of 15% or more.” Snow v. Snow, 24
S.W.3d 668, 672 (Ky. App. 2000). Josh’s previous child support obligation was
only $560.00 per month, while his share of the increased health insurance cost
would be $320.44. This is clearly a material change in circumstances under the
statute. We find no error.
Finally, Josh has moved pursuant to RAP 11(B)(3)4 for an award of
attorney fees. RAP 11(B)(3) provides:
An appeal or motion is frivolous if the court finds that it is so totally lacking in merit that it appears to have been taken in bad faith. If an appellate court determines that an appeal or appellate filing is frivolous, it may impose an appropriate sanction, including but not limited to . . . [a]warding just monetary sanctions and single or double costs to the opposing party[.]
We have emphasized that such sanctions “are appropriate only in egregious
circumstances[.]” Kenton County Fiscal Court v. Elfers, 981 S.W.2d 553, 559
4 Josh technically cites to CR 73.02(4); however, CR 73.02(4) was replaced by RAP 11(B)(3) effective January 1, 2023. Because the two rules are substantively similar, we apply RAP 11(B)(3).
-7- (Ky. App. 1998). Having reviewed the record, we do not believe the appeal is so
totally lacking in merit that bad faith can be inferred. Therefore, we decline to
award attorney fees.
Based upon the foregoing, the order of the Crittenden Family Court is
affirmed.
ALL CONCUR.
BRIEFS FOR APPELLANT: BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:
Robert B. Frazer Jennifer Sacharnoski Nelson Marion, Kentucky Princeton, Kentucky
Christopher M. Stearns Morganfield, Kentucky
-8-