Nash v. Reedel

86 F.R.D. 16, 1980 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10186
District Court, E.D. Pennsylvania·Decided February 14, 1980·No. Civ. A. No. 79-3494·Published·Cited by 9 cases

Opinion

OPINION

LUONGO, District Judge.

Defendant Elizabeth Delaney, who successfully moved to dismiss the complaint against her in this action,1 now moves under 42 U.S.C. § 1988 for an award of counsel fees against plaintiff Richard Nash. Nash, who is serving a sentence of imprisonment after being convicted of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, with Delaney as the victim, alleged in his complaint that Delaney committed perjury at his state criminal trial and that her perjury resulted in his conviction. I granted Delaney’s motion to dismiss on two grounds: first, because Nash was proceeding under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, and Delaney was not acting under color of state law when testifying, and second, because Delaney had absolute immunity from civil liability for any statements made while a witness.

I. Liability for Counsel Fees

42 U.S.C. § 1988 provides:

“In any action or proceeding to enforce a provision of sections . . . 1983 of this title, . . . the court, in its discretion, may allow the prevailing party, other than the United States, a reasonable attorney’s fee as part of the costs.”

There is no doubt that Delaney is the prevailing party, inasmuch as the complaint against her was dismissed in its entirety. However, for public policy reasons, counsel fees may be awarded to a prevailing defendant under § 1988 only in certain limited circumstances, Hughes v. Repko, 578 F.2d 483, 489 (3d Cir. 1978), and the standard for awarding fees is quite strict. The district court must find that the “plaintiff’s action was frivolous, unreasonable, or without foundation, even though not brought in subjective bad faith.” Christianburg Garment Co. v. Equal Employment Opportuni[18] ty Commission, 434 U.S. 412, 421, 98 S.Ct. 694, 700, 54 L.Ed.2d 648 (1978). Or, the court must find that the plaintiff brought suit “to harass, embarrass, or abuse defendants.” Hughes v. Repko, supra, 578 F.2d at 489.

Delaney argues that Nash’s suit was intended to intimidate and to discourage her from testifying again should Nash prevail in his pending state court appeal of his conviction, and that his suit is simple harassment in retaliation for her testimony. Nash argues that his suit is not frivolous, because, although his complaint was dismissed on legal grounds, he had reason to file suit since Delaney allegedly committed perjury leading to his conviction.

Under these circumstances, I am persuaded that an award of counsel fees is appropriate. First, it is plain that Nash had no chance of succeeding on his complaint. Delaney is a private citizen, who clearly was not acting under color of law by testifying at a trial. Furthermore, she was entitled to the well-established defense of absolute witness immunity. It is no answer that Nash is proceeding pro se, and therefore should not be faulted for filing a groundless suit because he lacks training in the law. The standard set forth in Christianburg Garment, supra, is an objective one: the inquiry is whether there were grounds for suit, not whether the plaintiff reasonably believed there to be grounds.2 Moreover, Nash’s suit lacked a factual basis as well. Nash contended that Delaney committed perjury because she admitted at his trial that one detail of her statement to police, made at the time of the assault, was inaccurate. Delaney was not under oath when she made the statement to police, and she readily corrected the error when questioned by Nash’s counsel at trial. Thus, there is simply no basis for the allegation that Delaney perjured herself.

There are other considerations which weigh in favor of awarding a fee in this case. It is obvious that there is a possibility of intimidation should Delaney be asked to testify at a second trial for Nash (if his pending appeal is successful). Even if Delaney is not asked for further testimony, she has been burdened by the effort and expense involved in defending against a frivolous suit. Unless there is some deterrent to bringing such suits, convicted offenders will feel free to harass witnesses who testified at their trials by filing similar actions. Finally, it is simple justice to permit the victim of a criminal assault to be relieved of the burden of the expense of defending against a frivolous civil action brought by her attacker.

In short, I believe that the instant case presents the unusual circumstances which permit an award of counsel fees to a prevailing defendant under § 1988.

II. Amount of the Fee Award

The initial step in calculating an award of counsel fees is to determine that basic value of the attorney’s services, the “lodestar” amount, which consists of the number of hours reasonably spent on the case, multiplied by a reasonable hourly fee. Lindy Brothers, Inc. v. American Radiator and Standard Sanitary Corp., 487 F.2d 161 (1973), (Lindy I). Compensation for an excessive amount of time spent on any one aspect of the case will not be awarded. Hughes v. Repko, supra, 578 F.2d at 487. In this case, Delaney’s counsel, Michael Levy, avers that he spent the following amounts of time in representing Delaney:

Conduct of Caae

10/26/79 Initial Interview 0.40 hrs.

10/26/79 Phone conf. with A. R. Shuman,

Esq., referring counsel 0.10 hrs.

10/29/79 Letter to Wm. Nicholas, Esq.,

D.A., Re: possibility of county providing free counsel for client 0.20 hrs.

10/30/79 Phone conf. with Nicholas and

client 0.10 hrs.

10/30/79 Research and drafting motion and

memo 3.50 hrs.

10/30/79 Phone conf. with George Dale,

atty for police 0.20 hrs.

10/31/79 Phone conf. with client 0.10 hrs.

10/31/79 Editing brief 0.30 hrs.

11/ 5/79 Phone conf. with client 0.20 hrs.

11/29/79 Review of Judge Luongo’s Opinion 0.20 hrs.

11/29/79 Phone conf. with client 0.10 hrs.

5.40 hrs.

Petition for Counsel Fees

11/30/79 Prep, of petition for counsel fees

at request of client 1.00 hrs.

Total Hours............................... 6.40

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Nash v. Reedel, 86 F.R.D. 16, 1980 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10186 (E.D. Pa. 1980).

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