1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
2 DISTRICT OF NEVADA
3 JAMES MYERS, Case No. 2:23-cv-01565-GMN-MDC 4 Plaintiff, SCREENING ORDER 5 vs.
6 BRIAN WILLIAMS, SR., et al.,
7 Defendants.
8 Plaintiff James Myers who is incarcerated in the custody of the Nevada Department of 9 Corrections (“NDOC”), has submitted a pro se civil-rights complaint under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and 10 filed an application to proceed in forma pauperis. (ECF Nos. 1-1, 1-2, 5). Myers also moves the 11 Court to issue a temporary restraining order and a preliminary injunction requiring prison officials 12 to provide him access to Jumu’ah services consistent with the tenets of his Islamic faith, for a 13 report on the status of those motions, and to extend his copy-work limit. (ECF Nos. 3, 4, 7, 8). 14 The matter of the filing fee will be temporarily deferred. The Court now screens Myers’s civil- 15 rights complaint under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. 16 Having done so, the Court finds that Myers arguably states colorable claims under the First 17 and Fourteenth Amendments and the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of 18 2000 (“RLUIPA”), so those claims may proceed. For the reasons explained below, the Court will 19 refer this action to the Court’s Early Inmate Mediation Program and stay it for 90 days to allow 20 the parties time to settle their dispute. Myers’s motions for a restraining order and a preliminary 21 injunction are therefore denied without prejudice to their prompt refiling should this action proceed 22 onto the normal litigation track. His motion for a status report is denied as moot. And Myers’s 23 motion to extend his copy-work limit is denied without prejudice as premature. 24 25 1 I. SCREENING STANDARD 2 Federal courts must conduct a preliminary screening in any case in which an incarcerated 3 person seeks redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 4 See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). In its review, the Court must identify any cognizable claims and 5 dismiss any claims that are frivolous, malicious, fail to state a claim upon which relief may be 6 granted, or seek monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. See id. 7 §§ 1915A(b)(1), (2). Pro se pleadings, however, must be liberally construed. See Balistreri v. 8 Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 699 (9th Cir. 1990). To state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, 9 a plaintiff must allege two essential elements: (1) the violation of a right secured by the 10 Constitution or laws of the United States; and (2) that the alleged violation was committed by a 11 person acting under color of state law. See West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48 (1988). 12 In addition to the screening requirements under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A, the Prison Litigation 13 Reform Act requires a federal court to dismiss an incarcerated person’s claim if “the allegation of 14 poverty is untrue” or if the action “is frivolous or malicious, fails to state a claim on which relief 15 may be granted, or seeks monetary relief against a defendant who is immune from such relief.” 28 16 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2) (cleaned up). Dismissal of a complaint for failure to state a claim upon which 17 relief can be granted is provided for in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), and the Court 18 applies the same standard under § 1915 when reviewing the adequacy of a complaint or an 19 amended complaint. When a court dismisses a complaint under § 1915(e), the plaintiff should be 20 given leave to amend the complaint with directions as to curing its deficiencies, unless it is clear 21 from the face of the complaint that the deficiencies could not be cured by amendment. See Cato v. 22 United States, 70 F.3d 1103, 1106 (9th Cir. 1995), superseded on other grounds by 28 U.S.C. 23 § 1915(e). 24 Review under Rule 12(b)(6) is essentially a ruling on a question of law. See Chappel v. 25 Lab. Corp. of Am., 232 F.3d 719, 723 (9th Cir. 2000). Dismissal for failure to state a claim is 1 proper only if the plaintiff clearly cannot prove any set of facts in support of the claim that would 2 entitle him or her to relief. See Morley v. Walker, 175 F.3d 756, 759 (9th Cir. 1999). In making 3 this determination, the Court takes as true all allegations of material fact stated in the complaint, 4 and the Court construes them in the light most favorable to the plaintiff. See Warshaw v. Xoma 5 Corp., 74 F.3d 955, 957 (9th Cir. 1996). Allegations of a pro se complainant are held to less 6 stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers. See Hughes v. Rowe, 449 U.S. 5, 9 7 (1980). While the standard under Rule 12(b)(6) does not require detailed factual allegations, a 8 plaintiff must provide more than mere labels, conclusions, or a formulaic recitation of the elements 9 of a cause of action. See Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007). 10 A reviewing court should “begin by identifying [allegations] that, because they are no more 11 than conclusions, are not entitled to the assumption of truth.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 679 12 (2009). “While legal conclusions can provide the framework of a complaint, they must be 13 supported by factual allegations.” Id. “When there are well-pleaded factual allegations, a court 14 should assume their veracity and then determine whether they plausibly give rise to an entitlement 15 to relief.” Id. “Determining whether a complaint states a plausible claim for relief . . . [is] a context- 16 specific task that requires the reviewing court to draw on its judicial experience and common 17 sense.” Id. 18 Finally, all or part of a complaint filed by an incarcerated person may be dismissed sua 19 sponte if that person’s claims lack an arguable basis either in law or in fact. This includes claims 20 based on legal conclusions that are untenable, like claims against defendants who are immune from 21 suit or claims of infringement of a legal interest that clearly does not exist, as well as claims based 22 on fanciful factual allegations, like fantastic or delusional scenarios. See Neitzke v. Williams, 490 23 U.S. 319, 327–28 (1989), superseded on other grounds by 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e); see also McKeever 24 v. Block, 932 F.2d 795, 798 (9th Cir. 1991). 25 1 II. SCREENING OF COMPLAINT 2 A. Myers’s factual allegations 3 The events of the Complaint happened while Myers was incarcerated at High Desert State 4 Prison (“HDSP”). (ECF No. 1-1 at 1). Myers is housed in HDSP’s Protective Segregation Unit 5 (“PSU”). (Id. at 4). Myers is a Muslim and has a sincere belief in the Islamic faith. (Id.) “Jumu’ah 6 is a scriptural mandate” of Myers’s faith “and must be conducted on Fridays in the afternoon.” (Id. 7 at 6). Myers believes that he “faces imminent and irreparable harm” like “eternity in Hell” if he 8 does not attend Jumu’ah services. (Id. at 7). 9 Julio Calderin is HDSP’s Chaplain. (Id. at 2). Starting on January 1, 2023, Myers made 10 multiple verbal and written requests to Calderin to participate in Jumu’ah services, which are 11 “compulsory” for Myers “to fulfill his religious obligations.” (Id. at 5). Calderin told Myers that 12 he would not accommodate Myers’s request, he would not permit any other inmate housed in the 13 PSU to attend Jumu’ah services, and would not schedule Jumu’ah services for PSU inmates. (Id.) 14 Near the end of June 2023, Myers was interviewed by Calderin and HDSP Associate 15 Warden for Operations Ronald Oliver about his repeated requests to attend Jumu’ah services. (Id.) 16 Myers explained the religious basis for his requests. (Id.) Oliver responded, “I am always going 17 to say ‘no’ and just deny your requests.” (Id.) When Myers pushed the matter, Oliver angrily said, 18 “It’s not gonna happen. Absolutely not.” (Id. at 5–6). 19 Myers filed administrative grievance #20063153578 about Calderin denying his request to 20 attend Jumu’ah services. (Id. at 6). Calderin “granted” Myers’s grievance at the informal level, 21 and thus effectively exhausted it under Administrative Regulation 740.03.(7)(C). (Id.) The Inmate 22 Grievance Report that is attached as an exhibit to the Complaint purports that Calderin responded: 23 I am in receipt of your grievance log number 2006-31-53578 as it pertains to your desire to worship to come to Chapel at 1:00pm, and 24 as you are aware that time is the Chapel for GP inmates and for a Safety and Security reasons’s [sic] this is not possible. You have 25 been on the Muslim Chapel list and come on a weekly basis at your allotted time from 8:30am to 9:30am. Grievance Granted. 1 (ECF No. 1-2 at 2). But Calderin’s granting of Myers’s grievance was “fraudulent” because he 2 did not provide Myers access to Jumu’ah services. (Id.) Rather, Calderin granted the grievance 3 simply to stop the administrative process. (Id.) 4 Jumu’ah services could be conducted for inmates housed in the PSU on Friday afternoons 5 in any one of the nine or more vacant classrooms located in HDSP’s housing units, which are all 6 equipped with high-definition surveillance camera systems. (Id. at 6). No legitimate penological 7 interest is served by denying Myers and other inmates in the PSU access to Jumu’ah services. (Id. 8 at 9). 9 Calderin “has a well-documented history of violating the civil rights of non-Evangelical 10 Christian/non-Jewish offenders[.]” (Id. at 4). Inmates who practice faiths that Calderin does not 11 prefer have sued him for allegedly violating their religious rights, including in the actions styled: 12 King v. Calderin, Case No. 2:21-cv-01452-CDS-BNW; Howard v. Connett, 2017 WL 4682300 13 (D. Nev. Oct. 17, 2017); Pasaye v. Dzurenda, 375 F. Supp. 3d 1159, 1165 (D. Nev. 2019); Ross 14 v. Sandoval, 2018 WL 5114134 (D. Nev. Oct. 19, 2018); Pompilius v. Nevada, 2021 WL 414534 15 (D. Nev. 2021); and Guardado v. State, 2022 WL 867234 (D. Nev. 2022). (Id. at 4). NDOC 16 Director of Programs Brian Williams, Sr.; NDOC Deputy Director of Operations Harold 17 Wickham; NDOC Director James Dzurenda; and HDSP Associate Warden for Programs Julie 18 Williams are aware that numerous inmates have filed lawsuits against Calderin. (Id. at 7). Despite 19 receiving copies of the lawsuits, those Defendants have not intervened to stop Calderin from 20 violating religious rights of inmates who practice faiths other than Evangelical Christianity and 21 Judaism. (Id.) Moreover, Julie Williams “ratifies and encourages Defendant Calderin’s tortious 22 conduct[.]” (Id.) 23 Brian Williams, Wickham, Dzurenda, Julie Williams, Calderin, and Oliver are aware from 24 the civil-rights action styled El Majzoub v. Davis, 2022 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 105849 (D. Nev. June 25 14, 2022), that they are obligated to prepare, draft, and implement policies, customs, and practices 1 to ensure that Myers has access to Jumu’ah services. (Id. at 8). These Defendants have not created 2 any policy to ensure that Myers receives Jumu’ah services. (Id.) Brian Williams, Wickham, 3 Dzurenda, Julie Williams, and Oliver are policymakers who prepare, draft, submit, and implement 4 policies like the Administrative Regulations and Operational Procedures. (Id.) 5 Calderin and Oliver “provide preferential treatment to Evangelical Christian and Jewish 6 offenders by providing special meals and multiple scheduled services.” (Id. at 11). Calderin 7 provides common fare diets, which are special religious diets, to Evangelical Christian offenders 8 who are otherwise ineligible for such a diet under the prevailing policy in order to show favoritism 9 to” them. (Id.) Calderin provides “opportunities” like daily services, religious holidays, and 10 special religious meals to Evangelical Christian and Jewish inmates but denies “the same 11 opportunities” to inmates who practice other religions. (Id. at 12). Moreover, “[d]uring special 12 religious holidays, Jewish offenders receive daily services and special religious meals, while 13 [Myers] and other Muslim offenders get nothing during required holidays.” (Id.) 14 B. Analysis of Myers’s claims 15 Based on the allegations above, Myers sues Brian Williams, Sr.; Harold Wickham; James 16 Dzurenda; Julie Williams; Julio Calderin; and Ronald Oliver. (Id. at 2). Plaintiff seeks monetary, 17 injunctive, and declarator relief. (Id. at 13). The Court liberally construes the Complaint as 18 bringing claims based on three different theories of liability: (1) burdening religious exercise under 19 the First Amendment’s Free Exercise Clause and RLUIPA; and (2) religious discrimination under 20 the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause. The Court addresses each theory and any 21 issues below. 22 1. First Amendment Free Exercise Clause and RLUIPA 23 The First Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that “Congress shall make 24 no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof[.]” U.S. 25 Const. Amend. I. The Supreme Court has held that inmates retain the protections afforded by the 1 First Amendment, “including its directive that no law shall prohibit the free exercise of religion.” 2 O’Lone v. Estate of Shabazz, 482 U.S. 342, 348 (1987). The Supreme Court also has recognized 3 that an inmate’s “limitations on the exercise of constitutional rights arise both from the fact of 4 incarceration and from valid penological objectives—including deterrence of crime, rehabilitation 5 of prisoners, and institutional security.” Id. “A person asserting a free exercise claim must show 6 that the government action in question substantially burdens the person’s practice of his religion. 7 A substantial burden . . . place[s] more than an inconvenience on religious exercise; it must have 8 a tendency to coerce the individuals into acting contrary to their religious beliefs or exert 9 substantial pressure on an adherent to modify his behavior and to violate his beliefs.” Jones v. 10 Williams, 791 F.3d 1023, 1031–32 (9th Cir. 2015) (cleaned up). Even if such a belief is 11 substantially burdened, the regulation is “valid if it is reasonably related to legitimate penological 12 interests.” Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78, 89 (1987). 13 Claims brought under RLUIPA are like free exercise claims, although RLUIPA proceeds 14 under a slightly different framework. RLUIPA prohibits the government from imposing “a 15 substantial burden on the religious exercise of a person residing in or confined to an institution . . 16 . unless the government demonstrates that imposition of the burden on that person (1) is in 17 furtherance of a compelling governmental interest; and (2) is the least restrictive means of 18 furthering that compelling governmental interest.” 42 U.S.C. § 2000cc-1(a)(1)-(2). RLUIPA is 19 “more generous to the religiously observant than the Free Exercise Clause.” Jones v. Slade, 23 20 F.4th 1124, 1139 (9th Cir. 2022). “Under RLUIPA, the plaintiff bears the initial burden of 21 demonstrating that an institution’s policy constitutes a substantial burden on his exercise of 22 religion.” Id. at 1140 (citing 42 U.S.C. § 2000cc-2(b)). 23 RLUIPA broadly defines “religious exercise” as “any exercise of religion, whether or not 24 compelled by, or central to, a system of religious belief.” 42 U.S.C.A. § 2000cc-5(7)(A). 25 “RLUIPA is to be construed broadly in favor of protecting an inmate’s right to exercise his 1 religious beliefs.” Warsoldier v. Woodford, 418 F.3d 989, 995 (9th Cir. 2005) (citing 42 U.S.C.A. 2 § 2000cc-3(g)). RLUIPA’s substantial-burden inquiry asks whether the government substantially 3 burdened religious exercise, not whether the RLUIPA claimant is able to engage in other forms of 4 religious exercise. Holt v. Hobbs, 574 U.S. 352, 361–62 (2015). A substantial burden on religious 5 exercise must impose a “significantly great restriction” on the exercise. San Jose Christian Coll. 6 v. City of Morgan Hill, 360 F.3d 1024, 1034 (9th Cir. 2004). 7 Myers arguably states colorable free-exercise and RLUIPA claims. Myers alleges that he 8 is a Muslim and sincerely practices the Islamic faith. Myers’s religion mandates that he attend 9 Jumu’ah services every Friday afternoon. Myers believes that he will go to Hell if he does not 10 attend Jumu’ah services. The Supreme Court recognized in O’Lone that Jumu’ah is a “weekly 11 congregational service” that “is commanded by the Koran and must be held every Friday after the 12 sun reaches its zenith and before the Asr, or afternoon prayer.” O’Lone, 482 U.S. at 345. 13 Myers informed HDSP Chaplain Calderin and HDSP Associate Warden of Programs 14 Oliver about his religious need and desire to participate in Jumu’ah services. Myers repeatedly 15 asked Calderin to permit him to attend Jumu’ah services. Calderin and Oliver denied Myers’s 16 requests, and Calderin refused to schedule Jumu’ah services for inmates in HDSP’s PSU, where 17 Myers is housed. Defendants’ conduct serves no legitimate penological purpose as congregational 18 services are scheduled for Evangelical Christian and Jewish inmates. The free-exercise and 19 RLUIPA claims may therefore proceed against Calderin and Oliver. 20 2. Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause 21 The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment is essentially a direction that 22 all similarly situated persons be treated equally under the law. City of Cleburne, Tex. v. Cleburne 23 Living Ctr., 473 U.S. 432, 439 (1985). “[T]he Equal Protection Clause entitles each prisoner to ‘a 24 reasonable opportunity of pursuing his faith comparable to the opportunity afforded fellow 25 prisoners who adhere to conventional religious precepts.” Shakur v. Schriro, 514 F.3d 878, 891 1 (9th Cir. 2008) (quoting Cruz v. Beto, 405 U.S. 319, 322 (1972)). “This does not mean, however, 2 that all prisoners must receive identical treatment and resources.” Hartmann v. Cal. Dep’t of Corr. 3 and Rehab., 707 F.3d 1114, 1123 (9th Cir. 2013). To state an equal-protection claim, a plaintiff 4 must allege facts demonstrating that defendants acted with the intent and purpose to discriminate 5 against him based upon membership in a protected class, or that defendants purposefully treated 6 him differently than similarly situated individuals without any rational basis for the disparate 7 treatment. Lee v. City of Los Angeles, 250 F.3d 668, 686 (9th Cir. 2001); see also Vill. of 8 Willowbrook v. Olech, 528 U.S. 562, 564 (2000). 9 Myers arguably states a colorable claim under the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal 10 Protection Clause about religious-based discrimination. Myers alleges that he is a Muslim inmate 11 who sincerely practices the Islamic faith. Myers’s faith requires him to attend Jumu’ah services 12 every Friday afternoon. Calderin and Oliver will not allow Myers to attend Jumu’ah services. 13 There is sufficient space at HDSP for inmates housed in the PSU, like Myers, to participate in 14 Jumu’ah services, but Calderin will not schedule Jumu’ah services for them. 15 Defendants’ conduct serves no legitimate penological purpose as congregational services 16 are scheduled for Evangelical Christian and Jewish inmates. Calderin and Oliver authorize special 17 meals, daily services, and holiday meals and services to inmates who are either Evangelical 18 Christian or Jewish. Calderin provides the common fare diet to Evangelical Christian inmates 19 even though they are not eligible for that diet under the prison’s policies. But Calderin “is 20 consistently combative, angry, and hostile toward” inmates who are not Evangelical Christian or 21 Jewish. Liberally construed, these allegations arguably state that Calderin and Oliver purposefully 22 fail to afford Muslim inmates the same opportunities for religious meals and services that they 23 provide to Evangelical Christian and Jewish inmates. The equal-protection claim may therefore 24 proceed against Calderin and Oliver. 25 1 3. Supervisory officials 2 It appears that Myers seeks to hold Brian Williams, Wickham, Dzurenda, and Julie 3 Williams liable under the First and Fourteenth Amendments and RLUIPA in their capacities as 4 supervisory officials. Myers alleges that several inmates who do not identify as either Evangelical 5 Christian or Jewish have sued Calderin on religious-based claims. He provides very limited facts 6 about those lawsuits. And he speculates that the supervisory officials received copies of the 7 lawsuits. 8 Additionally, Myers concludes that the supervisory officials were put on notice in El 9 Majzoub v. Davis, 2022 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 1058949 (D. Nev. June 14, 2022), that they have a duty 10 to implement policies, customs, and practices to ensure that he can attend Jumu’ah s services. 11 Myer’s is referencing the civil-rights action styled Elmajzoub v. Davis, Case No. 3:19-cv-00196- 12 MMD-CSD. But Myers was not a party to that action. And there are no factual allegations in the 13 Complaint likening the circumstances here to those in Elmajzoub, let alone showing that prison or 14 department officials have a duty under that case relative to Myers.1 15 “Because vicarious liability is inapplicable to § 1983 suits, ‘a plaintiff must plead that each 16 [g]overnment-official defendant, through the official’s own individual actions, has violated the 17 18 19 1 The Court notes that Elmajzoub concerned, among other things, allegations that staff at Lovelock Correctional Center (“LCC”) refused to provide inmates in the general population access to Jumu’ah services early Friday afternoons, instead offering them Friday morning time slots. Elmajzoub, ECF Nos. 72, 20 73. On November 9, 2022, the Elmajzoub court entered a permanent injunction ordering, among other things, that “Defendants must schedule weekly Jumu’ah services at LCC on Fridays from 12:30 p.m. to 21 1:45 p.m., and all LCC Muslim inmates are allowed to attend in congregation unless there is an emergency or the circumstances of an individual inmate preclude them from attending (i.e., prison lock downs, medical 22 issues, or the inmate is in disciplinary segregation).” Elmajzoub, ECF No. 91 at 5. The court limited the number of inmates who could attend Jumu’ah service to 100 individuals. Id. at 6. The court modified its 23 injunction on December 5, 2022, including providing that “Defendants must schedule weekly Jumu’ah services at LCC on Fridays from 12:30 p.m. to 1:45 p.m. for all LCC Muslim inmates. Service for Level 1 24 Muslim inmates must be held at the Chapel. Service for all Level 2 and 3 Muslim inmates must be held at the Chapel or at another location at LCC.” Elmajzoub, ECF No. 110 at 2. The parties in Elmajzoub reached 25 a settlement, and on March 18, 2024, the court entered its order granting the parties’ stipulation to dismiss with prejudice. Elmajzoub, ECF No. 158. The parties’ settlement agreement provides that “[t]he Permanent Injunction Order (ECF No. 91) issued in this Matter remains in force and effect.” Id. at 4. 1 Constitution.’” Keates v. Kollie, 883 F.3d 1228, 1242 (9th Cir. 2018) (quoting Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 2 676). This means that “[a] supervisory official may be held liable under § 1983 only ‘if there 3 exists either (1) his or her personal involvement in the constitutional deprivation, or (2) a sufficient 4 causal connection between the supervisor’s wrongful conduct and the constitutional violation.’” 5 Id. at 1242–43 (quoting Starr v. Baca, 652 F.3d 1202, 1207 (9th Cir. 2011)). “Even if a supervisory 6 official is not directly involved in the allegedly unconstitutional conduct, ‘a supervisor can be 7 liable in his individual capacity for his own culpable action or inaction in the training, supervision, 8 or control of his subordinates; for his acquiescence in the constitutional deprivation; or for conduct 9 that showed a reckless or callous indifference to the rights of others.’” Id. at 1243 (cleaned up) 10 (quoting Starr, 652 F.3d at 1208). 11 The Complaint does not allege that Brian Williams, Wickham, Dzurenda, or Julie Williams 12 were directly involved in the decisions to either deny Myers access to Jumu’ah services or not to 13 schedule Jumu’ah services for inmates in HDSP’s PSU. Nor does the Complaint allege that the 14 supervisory officials had knowledge of the alleged constitutional deprivations and acquiesced in 15 them. Rather, the Complaint concludes from scant facts and speculation that the supervisory 16 officials knew or should have known that Calderin was biased against non-Evangelical Christian 17 and Jewish inmates, and therefore would not reasonably respond to Myers’s requests to attend 18 Jumu’ah services. Or the supervisory officials directly caused Calderin’s and Oliver’s allegedly 19 unconstitutional conduct by breaching their duty to implement a policy authorizing Myers to attend 20 Jumu’ah services. But “[a] court is not ‘bound to accept as true a legal conclusion couched as a 21 factual allegation’ or ‘an unadorned, the-defendant-unlawfully-harmed-me accusation.’” Id. 22 (cleaned up) (quoting Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678; and Twombly 550 U.S. at 555). 23 Because bare conclusions and speculation do not state a plausible claim for damages 24 against Brian Williams, Wickham, Dzurenda, or Julie Williams, Myers’s claims against these 25 supervisory officials in their personal capacities are dismissed without prejudice. Myers also seeks 1 injunctive relief for his claims. And it does not yet appear that any of the supervisory officials 2 could not implement injunctive relief that the Court might order in this action. So, Myers’s claims 3 under the First and Fourteenth Amendments and RLUIPA may proceed against Brian Williams, 4 Wickham, Dzurenda, and Julie Williams only in their official capacities and solely for injunctive- 5 relief purposes. 6 III. MOTIONS FOR RELIEF 7 Myers moves the Court to issue a temporary restraining order and a preliminary injunction 8 requiring HDSP officials to provide him access to congregational Jumu’ah services on Friday 9 afternoons consistent with the tenets of his Islamic faith, and for a report on the status of those 10 motions. (ECF Nos. 3, 4, 7). The Court has now screened Myers’s Complaint, allowing claims to 11 proceed and dismissing damages claims against supervisory officials. This action is eligible to 12 participate in the Court’s inmate mediation program, and this appears to be a case where both sides 13 could have productive settlement discussions and save resources. For instance, it appears that 14 department and prison officials recently resolved similar issues about Muslim inmates at LCC 15 accessing Jumu’ah services in Elmajzoub. The Court will therefore refer this action to the Inmate 16 Early Mediation Program. Considering these circumstances, Myers’s motions for a temporary 17 restraining order and a preliminary injunction are denied without prejudice to their prompt refiling 18 should this action proceed onto the normal litigation track.2 And Myers’s motion for a status report 19 is denied as moot. 20 What remains is Myers’s motion to extend his copy-work limit. (ECF No. 8). An inmate 21 has no constitutional right to free photocopying. Johnson v. Moore, 948 F.2d 517, 521 (9th Cir. 22 1991). NDOC Administrative Regulation 722.01(7)(E) provides that inmates “can only accrue a 23 maximum of $100 debt for copy work expenses for all cases, not per case.” Courts in this district 24
25 2 The Court makes no decision regarding the merits of Myers’s motions for a restraining order and a preliminary injunction. 1 have found that they can order a prison to provide limited photocopying when it is necessary for 2 an inmate to provide copies to the court and other parties. See Allen v. Clark Cnty. Det. Ctr., 2:10- 3 cv-00857-MMD-GWF, 2011 WL 886343, *2 (D. Nev. Mar. 11, 2011). 4 This case is still in the screening stage. The Court has permitted Myers’s claims to proceed. 5 The Court will refer this action to the Court’s inmate mediation program and stay it for 90 days to 6 allow the parties time to settle their dispute. And the Court has denied Myers’s motions for a 7 restraining order and a preliminary injunction without prejudice to their refiling in the event this 8 action proceeds onto the normal litigation track. But the Court has not yet ordered that any 9 Defendant can be served with process under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4. Nor has the Court 10 entered an order setting a discovery schedule. And there are no other pending motions. 11 Myers, therefore, does not need to provide the Court or any party copies of any document, 12 and no party can or has requested that he produce any documents currently. Moreover, Myers has 13 not shown that he needs expedited discovery for any matter that is currently before the Court. The 14 Court therefore denies the motion to extend copy-work limit without prejudice as premature. 15 IV. CONCLUSION 16 IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that a decision on the Application to Proceed In Forma 17 Pauperis, (ECF No. 5), is DEFERRED. 18 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the claims under the First Amendment’s Free Exercise 19 Clause and RLUIPA MAY PROCEED against Julio Calderin and Ronald Oliver. And these 20 claims may proceed against Brian Williams, Sr.; Harold Wickham; James Dzurenda; and Julie 21 Williams only in their official capacities and solely for injunctive-relief purposes. 22 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the claim under the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal 23 Protection Clause MAY PROCEED against Julio Calderin and Ronald Oliver. And this claim 24 may proceed against Brian Williams, Sr.; Harold Wickham; James Dzurenda; and Julie Williams 25 only in their official capacities and solely for injunctive-relief purposes. 1 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the personal-capacity claims for damages against 2 Brian Williams, Sr.; Harold Wickham; James Dzurenda; and Julie Williams are DISMISSED 3 without prejudice. 4 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Motion for a Preliminary Injunction and Motion 5 for a Temporary Restraining Order, (ECF Nos. 3, 4), are DENIED without prejudice to their 6 prompt refiling should this action proceed onto the normal litigation track. 7 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Motion for a Status Report, (ECF No. 7), is 8 DENIED as moot. 9 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Motion to Extend Copy Work Limit, (ECF No. 8), 10 is DENIED without prejudice as premature. 11 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, given the nature of the claims that the Court has 12 permitted to proceed, this action is STAYED for 90 days to allow Myers and Defendants an 13 opportunity to settle their dispute before the Court determines whether to grant Myers’s in forma 14 pauperis application, the $350 filing fee is paid, an answer is filed, or the discovery process begins. 15 During this 90-day stay period and until the Court lifts the stay, no other pleadings or papers 16 will be filed in this case, and the parties will not engage in any discovery, nor are the parties 17 required to respond to any paper filed in violation of the stay unless specifically ordered by the 18 Court to do so. The Court will refer this case to the Court’s Inmate Early Mediation Program, and 19 the Court will enter a subsequent order about that matter. Regardless, on or before 90 days from 20 the date this order is entered, the Office of the Attorney General will file the report form attached 21 to this order about the results of the 90-day stay, even if a stipulation for dismissal is entered before 22 the end of the 90-day stay. If the parties proceed with this action, the Court will then issue an 23 order about service under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4 and setting a date for Defendants to 24 file an answer or other response. Following the filing of an answer, the Court will issue a 25 scheduling order setting discovery and dispositive motion deadlines. 1 “Settlement” may or may not include payment of money damages. It also may or may not 2 include an agreement to resolve Myers’s issues differently. A compromise agreement is one in 3 which neither party is completely satisfied with the result, but both have given something up and 4 both have obtained something in return. 5 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that if the case does not settle, then the Court will 6 determine whether to grant Myers’s in forma pauperis application. Myers will be required to pay 7 the full $350 statutory filing fee for a civil action regardless of whether the Court grants his in 8 forma pauperis application. This fee cannot be waived, and the fee cannot be refunded once the 9 Court enters an order granting Myers’s application to proceed in forma pauperis. If Myers is 10 allowed to proceed in forma pauperis, the fee will be paid in installments from his prison trust 11 account. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b). But if Myers is not allowed to proceed in forma pauperis, the 12 full $350 statutory filing fee for a civil action plus the $52 administrative filing fee, for a total of 13 $402, will be due immediately. 14 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that if any party seeks to have this case excluded from the 15 inmate mediation program, that party will file a “motion to exclude case from mediation” no later 16 than 21 days before the date set for mediation. The responding party will have 7 days to file a 17 response. No reply will be filed. Thereafter, the Court will issue an order, set the matter for 18 hearing, or both. 19 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that if Myers needs an interpreter to participate in the 20 mediation program, Myers will file a notice identifying the interpretation language and the need 21 for the interpreter within 30 days from the date of this order. 22 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Attorney General’s Office must advise the Court 23 within 21 days of the date of the entry of this order whether it will enter a limited notice of 24 appearance on behalf of the Interested Party identified below for the purpose of participation in 25 1 |) the Inmate Early Mediation Program. No defenses or objections, including lack of service, will 2 || be waived because of the filing of the limited notice of appearance. 3 The Court kindly directs the Clerk of the Court to file the Complaint and exhibits, (ECF 4 || Nos. 1-1, 1-2), and send Plaintiff Myers courtesy copies of those documents. 5 The Court kindly further directs the Clerk of the Court to add the Nevada Department of 6 || Corrections to the docket as an Interested Party and electronically provide a copy of this order and 7 || copies of all items previously filed in this case by regenerating the Notices of Electronic Filing on 8 || the Office of the Attorney General of the State of Nevada by adding the Attorney General of the 9 || State of Nevada to the Interested Party on the docket. This does not indicate acceptance of service. 10 1] 12 DATED this 30 day of_ April , 2024. Yj, 13 iy 4 14 Gloria M. ei arro, District Judge UNITED TES DISTRICT COURT 15 16 17 18 19 20 2] 22 23 24 25
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3 JAMES MYERS, Case No. 2:23-cv-01565-GMN-MDC 4 Plaintiff, REPORT OF ATTORNEY GENERAL 5 vs. RE: RESULTS OF 90-DAY STAY
8 NOTE: ONLY THE OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL WILL FILE THIS FORM. THE INMATE PLAINTIFF WILL NOT FILE THIS FORM. 9 On ________________, the Court issued its screening order under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A, 10 stating that certain specified claims in this case would proceed. The Court ordered the Office of 11 the Attorney General of the State of Nevada to file a report 90 days after the date of the entry of 12 the Court’s screening order to indicate the status of the case at the end of the 90-day stay. By filing 13 this form, the Attorney General’s Office hereby complies. 14 REPORT FORM 15 [Identify which of the following two situations (identified in bold type) describes the case, and 16 follow the instructions corresponding to the proper statement.]
17 Situation One: Mediated Case: The case was assigned to mediation by a court-appointed mediator during the 90-day stay. [If this statement is accurate, check ONE of the six statements 18 below and fill in any additional information as required, then proceed to the signature block.]
19 A mediation session with a court-appointed mediator was held on 20 , and as of today, the parties have reached a settlement (even if paperwork to memorialize the settlement remains to be completed). (If this box is checked, 21 the parties are on notice that they must SEPARATELY file either a contemporaneous stipulation of dismissal or a motion requesting that the Court continue the stay in the case 22 until a specified date upon which they will file a stipulation of dismissal.)
23 A mediation session with a court-appointed mediator was held on 24 , and as of today, the parties have not reached a settlement. The Attorney General’s Office therefore informs the Court of its intent to proceed with this 25 action.
26 No mediation session with a court-appointed mediator was held during the 90-day stay, but the parties have nevertheless settled the case. (If this box is checked, the parties 27 must SEPARATELY file a contemporaneous stipulation of dismissal or a motion requesting 1 that the Court continue the stay in this case until a specified date upon which they will file a stipulation of dismissal.) 2 No mediation session with a court-appointed mediator was held during the 90-day 3 stay, but one is currently scheduled for . 4 No mediation session with a court-appointed mediator was held during the 90-day 5 stay, and as of today, no date certain has been scheduled for such a session.
6 None of the above five statements describes the status of this case. Contemporaneously with the filing of this report, the Attorney General’s Office is filing a 7 separate document detailing the status of this case. 8 Situation Two: Informal Settlement Discussions Case: The case was NOT assigned to 9 mediation with a court-appointed mediator during the 90-day stay; rather, the parties were encouraged to engage in informal settlement negotiations. [If this statement is accurate, check 10 ONE of the four statements below and fill in any additional information as required, then proceed to the signature block.] 11
12 The parties engaged in settlement discussions and, as of today, have reached a settlement (even if the paperwork to memorialize the settlement remains to be completed). 13 (If this box is checked, the parties must SEPARATELY file either a contemporaneous stipulation of dismissal or a motion requesting that the Court continue the stay in this case 14 until a specified date upon which they will file a stipulation of dismissal.) 15 The parties engaged in settlement discussions and, as of today, have not reached a 16 settlement. The Office of the Attorney General therefore informs the Court of its intent to proceed with this action. 17 The parties have not engaged in settlement discussions and, as of today, have not 18 reached a settlement. The Office of the Attorney General therefore informs the Court of 19 its intent to proceed with this action.
20 None of the above three statements fully describes the status of this case. Contemporaneously with the filing of this report, the Office of the Attorney General of the 21 State of Nevada is filing a separate document detailing the status of this case.
22 Submitted this _______ day of __________________, ______ by: 23 Attorney Name: _______________________ _________________________ 24 Print Signature
25 Address: ______________________ Phone:___________________________
27 Email: