Muntaqim v. Lay

2019 Ark. 203, 575 S.W.3d 542
CourtSupreme Court of Arkansas
DecidedJune 6, 2019
DocketNo. CV-17-886
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 2019 Ark. 203 (Muntaqim v. Lay) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Arkansas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Muntaqim v. Lay, 2019 Ark. 203, 575 S.W.3d 542 (Ark. 2019).

Opinion

SHAWN A. WOMACK, Associate Justice

Malik Muntaqim, an inmate of the Arkansas Department of Correction (ADC), appeals the denial of his motion for preliminary injunction. The circuit court denied the motion on the basis that Muntaqim failed to demonstrate both irreparable harm and a likelihood of success on the merits. We affirm.

I. Procedural and Factual Background

Muntaqim is a professed member of the Nation of Islam (NOI), an alternative branch of the Islamic faith. He filed the underlying suit against numerous ADC officials under, inter alia , the Free Exercise Clause of First Amendment to the United States Constitution and the federal Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA). Muntaqim contends that prison officials have unlawfully withheld a number of issues of The Final Call , a weekly periodical published by the NOI, and have unconstitutionally prohibited him from leading NOI services. He moved for a preliminary injunction against ADC's publications policy as applied to NOI material and against ADC's religious services policy so that he may lead NOI services in prison.

This is the second interlocutory appeal related to Muntaqim's motion for preliminary injunction. See Muntaqim v. Hobbs , 2017 Ark. 97, 514 S.W.3d 464. In the first appeal, we reversed and remanded with instructions for the circuit court to conduct a hearing on the motion. Id. During the hearing on remand, Muntaqim testified that he has consistently received The Final Call and other NOI material since 2015. He alleged that he had periodically been denied issues of The Final Call between 2013 and 2015 while incarcerated at a different unit. The court also heard testimony about the weekly Islamic prayer services offered to prisoners and Muntaqim's refusal to attend because of the presence of orthodox Muslims. ADC officials testified about the publication and religious service policies and their general application within the prison.

The court issued a written order denying Muntaqim's motion for preliminary injunction. It held that Muntaqim failed to show any irreparable harm if the ADC policy prohibiting publications that promote violence remained in effect. The court also determined that Muntaqim failed to demonstrate a likelihood of success on the merits. It held that Muntaqim seeks to overturn judicial precedent recognizing the legitimate penological interests in the safety and welfare of prisoners, prison staff, and visitors. But he failed to offer any authority supporting his claims. While the court recognized that Muntaqim's claims were brought under the First Amendment and RLUIPA, its analysis was limited to the First Amendment. Muntaqim did not request any findings related to the RLUIPA claims. This appeal followed.

*545II. Standard of Review

A preliminary injunction is an "extraordinary remedy ... reserved for extraordinary circumstances." Drummond Citizens Ins. Co. v. Sergeant , 266 Ark. 611, 621, 588 S.W.2d 419, 424 (1979). When determining whether to grant a preliminary injunction, circuit courts must consider two factors: (1) whether irreparable harm will result in the absence of an injunction; and (2) whether the moving party has demonstrated a likelihood of success on the merits. See Muntaqim , 2017 Ark. 97, at 3, 514 S.W.3d at 467. A party seeking a preliminary injunction bears the burden of demonstrating both factors. See Smith v. Am. Trucking Ass'n, Inc. , 300 Ark. 594, 596, 781 S.W.2d 3, 4 (1989).

We will only reverse a decision to deny a preliminary injunction for abuse of discretion, which occurs when the decision is made "thoughtlessly and without due consideration." Muntaqim , 2017 Ark. 97, at 3, 514 S.W.3d at 467. Any factual findings that lead to the circuit court's conclusions of irreparable harm and likelihood of success on the merits will not be set aside unless clearly erroneous. Baptist Health v. Murphy , 365 Ark. 115, 121, 226 S.W.3d 800, 806 (2006). The decision to issue a preliminary injunction rests within the sound discretion of the circuit court, and not in the discretion of this court. Id. Accordingly, we will not delve into the merits of the case further than necessary to determine whether the circuit court exceeded its discretion. Id. The sole question before this court is whether the circuit court departed from the rules and principles of equity in making the order, and not whether we would have made the order. Id.

III. First Amendment

The circuit court held that Muntaqim failed to demonstrate a likelihood of success on the merits because the challenged ADC policies are consistent with judicial precedent recognizing the legitimate penological interests of prison safety and security. As previously stated, the circuit court's decision was premised on an analysis of Muntaqim's claims brought under the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment. The First Amendment is made applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. See Myers v. Ark. Dep't of Human Servs. , 2011 Ark. 182, at 10, 380 S.W.3d 906, 912.

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2019 Ark. 203, 575 S.W.3d 542, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/muntaqim-v-lay-ark-2019.