Muldawer v. Stribling

256 S.E.2d 357, 243 Ga. 673, 1979 Ga. LEXIS 1025

• Court: Supreme Court of Georgia
• Decided: May 30, 1979
• Docket: 34491
• Status: Published

Opinions

Undercofler, Presiding Justice.

Appellant, Paul Muldawer, .filed suit against an adjacent landowner, appellee W. W. Stribling, seeking a permanent injunction prohibiting Stribling from applying for rezoning of his property from an R-2, residential single-family, classification to an R-3, townhouse-condominium, classification. Muldawer’s complaint alleged that Stribling’s acts seeking a rezoning were in violation of a restrictive and protective covenant applicable to the respective property of the parties. Both sides filed motions for summary judgment, and Muldawer now appeals the trial court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of Stribling and its denial of his cross motion for summary judgment.

The material facts in this case are undisputed. The binding covenant claimed by Muldawer was created by an agreement executed on September 10,1970, between one of Stribling’s predecessors in title, Nancy Creek Property Associates, and the North by Northwest Civic Association, together with a group of adjacent property owners. In this agreement, the prior owners of Stribling’s property agreed with the owners of contiguous property, including Muldawer, that they would not utilize the subject 23 acre tract for purposes other than single-family residences and that they would not make a request that the zoning classification of any part of the property be changed. As consideration for this agreement, the adjacent owners agreed not to oppose a proposed rezoning of adjoining land owned by the prior owners. This agreement was recorded with the Clerk of the Fulton County Superior Court on January 7,1971. No title to any property was conveyed when this contract was executed, and Stribling was not a party to this transaction.

In October, 1971, Nancy Creek Property Associatesconveyed the property by warranty deed to Beechwood Hills Associates, a limited partnership. Their warranty deed contained a covenant whereby the grantee expressly agreed that it would be bound by the restrictions contained in the recorded agreement.

On October 31, 1974, the limited partnership conveyed the subject property to a general partnership, of which Stribling was a general partner. That warranty deed provided in pértinent part that, "this conveyance is also made subject to all outstanding liens, taxes, easements and restrictions of record.” Subsequently the general partnership conveyed the property to W. W. Stribling, individually, by warranty deed dated April 15, 1976. This deed contained no assumption of any restrictions except two outstanding security deeds. Stribling admits that he filed an application in 1978 to change the zoning classification of the subject tract.

The issue to be decided in this appeal is whether Stribling is bound by the covenants contained in the 1970 agreement between Muldawer and Stribling’s predecessor in title. The trial court, in granting summary judgment in favor of Stribling, relied on Johnson v. Myers, 226 Ga. 23 (172 SE2d 421) (1970). We agree with the trial court that under Johnson v. Myers, supra, the restrictions in the 1970 agreement would not run with the land because there was no privity of estate¹ between the contracting parties. However, that does not foreclose the issue.

The 1971 deed from Nancy Creek Property Associates to Beechwood Hills Associates conveyed the property subject expressly to the restrictions in the 1970 agreement. When Beechwood Hills Associates accepted this deed under this condition, it agreed to be bound by a covenant intended to and which did "touch and concern” the land.² Since the parties were in privity of estate, the covenants in the deed met all the requirements for running with the land. Stribling, as a successor in title is bound by these restrictive covenants.³

The only remaining question is whether Muldawer, who is a stranger to Stribling’s chain of title, may enforce these covenants.⁴ We find that under Code Ann. § 3-108, allowing third party beneficiaries to enforce contracts made for their benefit, Muldawer may maintain this action against Stribling. Where a grantor sells his property with a restriction benefiting his neighbors, the neighbor, as the beneficiary, may enforce it. See Wardlaw v. Southern R. Co., 199 Ga. 97 (33 SE2d 304) (1945).

Argued February 19, 1979 Decided May 30, 1979. Glass, Shaifer & Connell, George H. Connell, Jr., for appellant. Troutman, Sanders, Lockerman & Ashmore, Mark S. Kaufman, for appellee.

The trial court erred in granting summary judgment to Stribling and in refusing to grant summary judgment to Muldawer.

Judgment reversed.

All the Justices concur, except Hall, J., who concurs specially, and Jordan, J., who dissents.

1 In order for a covenant to run with the land, it must be one touching and concerning the land, the parties must intend that it do so, and there must be privity of estate between the parties. In this case, only the privity was lacking as the agreement itself provides that the covenants are intended to run with the land.

2 James Talcott, Inc. v. Roy D. Warren Commercial, Inc., 120 Ga. App. 544 (171 SE2d 907) (1969), is distinguishable as it involves a covenant to pay commissions which is considered a personal covenant and a successor in title would not be bound by such an agreement. Goldberg v. Varner, 72 Ga. App. 673 (34 SE2d 722) (1945).

3 Stribling’s argument that covenants running with the land are disfavored and are to be strictly construed is inapposite since the covenant here is clear and its meaning is not in doubt. Taylor v. Smith, 221 Ga. 55 (142 SE2d 918) (1965).

4 The 1970 agreement expressly provided that the adjacent property owners could maintain actions to enforce its terms.