Moorehead v. United States

88 Fed. Cl. 614, 2009 U.S. Claims LEXIS 300, 92 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) 43,685, 2009 WL 2870152
CourtUnited States Court of Federal Claims
DecidedSeptember 3, 2009
DocketNo. 07-654 C
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 88 Fed. Cl. 614 (Moorehead v. United States) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Court of Federal Claims primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Moorehead v. United States, 88 Fed. Cl. 614, 2009 U.S. Claims LEXIS 300, 92 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) 43,685, 2009 WL 2870152 (uscfc 2009).

Opinion

OPINION AND ORDER

GEORGE W. MILLER, Judge.

Plaintiff Paula R. Moorehead alleges that she was hired as a transportation security screener (“Screener”) at the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (“SeaTac”) by the Transportation Security Administration (“TSA”) at a lower starting salary than men hired for the same position in violation of the Equal Pay Act, 29 U.S.C. § 206(d)(1) (2006). After a two-day trial, the Court concludes that any pay disparities did not violate the Equal Pay Act.

I. Background1

Prior to September 11, 2001, all Screeners were employed by the private sector. In response to the tragic events of September 11, on November 19, 2001, Congress passed the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (“ATSA”) creating the TSA and making the TSA responsible for hiring, training, and deploying all Screeners. Joint Proposed Stipulations of Fact ¶ 2a (docket entry 73, April 1, 2009) (“JSF”). Congress gave TSA the daunting task of replacing the entire private work force of Screeners with public employees within one year. Trial Transcript (docket entries 80 & 82, May 21, 2009) (“Trial Tr.”) at 133. TSA contracted with a human resource firm, NCS Pearson, to recruit, interview and (subject to TSA approval) hire screeners using the hiring requirements established by TSA. JSF ¶ 2c.

A Salary Guidance

In April 2002, TSA issued an Interim Human Resource Guidance on Salary Determination for Transportation Security Screeners, SV-0019-Pay Band (“Salary Guidance”). JSF ¶ 2d. The Salary Guidance set the starting salary range for Screeners to be between $23,600 and $35,400 defined as “Pay Band D.” The salary for each Screener was also subject to a locality adjustment, calculated separately, based upon the geographic location of the airport for which they were hired. Joint Ex. 1 at 1. For the Seattle area, the locality adjustment resulted in an 11.77% increase in base salary for every Screener at SeaTac. Trial Tr. at 258; JSF ¶ 2g.

The Salary Guidance required that new Screeners be offered the minimum base salary of Pay Band D, $23,600, unless the applicant received a higher offer by reason of the individual’s specialized experience that was “current or within the prior year” and “directly related to passenger and baggage screening functions” (“Creditable Experience”).2 Joint Ex. 1 at 1. If a new hire did not possess qualifying Creditable Experience, then the salary offer “must be at the [617]*617minimum pay rate for the pay band, plus locality pay or [cost of living adjustment] for the geographic area” in which the Sereener was to work.3

The Salary Guidance included a sample document called a “Decision Tool,” upon which interviewers recorded any Creditable Experience and salary information for the interviewed candidate. Joint Ex. 1 at 3. In addition, the Decision Tool had a blank for a final salary offer and signature lines for a “Human Resource Representative” and a “TSA Representative.” Id.

B. Salary Offers

When TSA hired Ms. Moorehead in October 2002 as a Sereener for SeaTac, she had already been working in that position for four months with a contract security firm named ICTS. Joint Ex. 2 at 14; Trial Tr. at 34. TSA hired Ms. Moorehead at the Pay Band D minimum base salary of $23,600, with the applicable locality pay increase of 11.77%, for a total salary of $26,377.70. JSF ¶ 2g; Trial Tr. at 45-46. NCS Pearson credited her with four months’ experience as a Sereener and certification in the use of a hand-held wand. Joint Ex. 2 at 14. No other relevant experience is indicated on her interview form. Id.

At approximately the same time, TSA hired several male Screeners for work at SeaTac with initial salaries above the Pay Band D minimum. Plaintiffs Proposed Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law (docket entry 86, June 22, 2009) (“Pl.’s Proposed Findings”) at 7-13, ¶¶ 35-65; Defendant’s Proposed Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law (docket entry 85, June 22, 2009) (“Def.’s Proposed Findings”) at 7, ¶¶ 33, 37,43.

On October 20, 2005, Ms. Moorehead filed suit in the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington, alleging violations of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a)(l) (2006) and the Equal Pay Act of 1963, 29 U.S.C. § 206 (2006). Complaint, Moorehead I, No. COS-1767 (docket entry 1, Oct. 20, 2005). Pursuant to defendant’s motion, the district court transferred Ms. Moorehead’s Equal Pay Act claim to this court under 28 U.S.C. § 1631 (2006). Moorehead 7, 2007 WL 737370, at *5. The Title VII claim remained in the district court, where it was subsequently tried to a jury and a verdict was rendered in favor of defendant. Moorehead I, No. C05-1767 (docket entry 47, Apr. 18, 2007) (jury verdict finding in favor of defendant). On November 8, 2007, Ms. Moorehead filed a two-count amended complaint in this court, although the Court ultimately dismissed Count II for lack of jurisdiction.4 Amended Complaint (docket entry 4) (“Compl.”).

On June 13, 2008, defendant filed a motion for summary judgment pursuant to RCFC 56, seeking judgment as a matter of law on Count I of plaintiffs amended complaint. [618]*618The Court denied defendant’s motion because genuine issues of material fact existed that could not be resolved at that stage. Moorehead III, 84 Fed.Cl. at 750. The case then proceeded to trial, which was held in Seattle, Washington, on April 20 and 21, 2009. The parties presented their closing arguments on August 17, 2009 at the National Courts Building in Washington, D.C.

II. Plaintiff Has Established a Prima Fa-cie Case of Discrimination Pursuant to the Equal Pay Act

Congress enacted the Equal Pay Act in 1963 as an amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”) to rectify perceived gender-based wage disparities, and extended its protection to federal employees in 1974.5 29 U.S.C. §§ 201-219 (2006); Lissak v. United States, 49 Fed.Cl. 281, 284 (2001).

In order to prevail on her Equal Pay Act claim, plaintiff must first establish a prima facie case by demonstrating that “an employer pays different wages to employees of opposite sexes ‘for equal work on jobs the performance of which requires equal skill, effort, and responsibility, and which are performed under similar working conditions.’” Corning Glass Works v. Brennan, 417 U.S. 188, 195, 94 S.Ct. 2223, 41 L.Ed.2d 1 (1974); Mansfield v. United States, 71 Fed.Cl. 687, 692 (2006). Proof of discriminatory intent is not required to establish a prima facie case under the Equal Pay Act. Beck-Wilson v. Principi, 441 F.3d 353, 360 (6th Cir.2006).

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Urban v. United States
Federal Claims, 2025
Boyer v. United States
Federal Claims, 2022
Fraser v. Mta Long Island Rail Rd.
295 F. Supp. 3d 230 (E.D. New York, 2018)
Jordan v. United States
122 Fed. Cl. 230 (Federal Claims, 2015)
Santiago v. United States
107 Fed. Cl. 154 (Federal Claims, 2012)
Brooks v. United States
101 Fed. Cl. 340 (Federal Claims, 2011)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
88 Fed. Cl. 614, 2009 U.S. Claims LEXIS 300, 92 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) 43,685, 2009 WL 2870152, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/moorehead-v-united-states-uscfc-2009.