Reed, J.
The evidence given on the trial shows that plaintiff informed defendant in the month of December, [507]*5071882, and at other times between that and the first of the following July, that he was able to go to work as express messenger and baggage-man, and that he desired to be employed in that capacity under the contract between the parties. Shortly before the first of July he was directed by one of defendant’s agents to hold himself in readiness to go to work, and on the second of that month he was directed to take charge of the baggage and express business on defendant’s road from Albia to Des Moines. The baggage and express matter are carried on that route in the same car, but the express business is conducted by the American Express Company. The train on which plaintiff went to work makes one trip daily from Albia to Des Moines and return. On the trip on July second, a route agent of the express company, also another employe of the company, accompanied plaintiff, riding with him in the express and baggage car, and rendered some assistance in handling the baggage and express matter, and the route agent gave plaintiff some directions as to the proper manner of doing the work and transacting the business. The route agent, also accompanied plaintiff on the trip the next day. But when they arrived at Des Moines plaintiff quit the work. Whether he quit voluntarily, or was discharged by the route agent, is in dispute between the parties. But the jury found that he was discharged, and the verdict in this respect finds sufficient support in the evidence.
It frequently happens that single pieces of baggage, weighing as much as two hundred and fifty pounds, are carried on the car, and the express business done on the line is quite extensive. The handling of the baggage .requires the exercise of a good deal of physical strength; and a good deal of dispatch is required in the transaction of the express business to avoid delaying the train unduly at the different stations. The express messenger is also required to make duplicate waybills of such express matter as is received at certain stations on the line, and to enter them upon his delivery book. This writing must be done while the train is in motion; and, as [508]*508these bills and entries constitute the company’s record of the business, it is important that the writing should be legible.
It was claimed by defendant that plaintiff did not possess the physical strength requsite for the handling of the baggage; and that he possessed neither the skill nor activity required in the proper transaction of the express business; and that he could not write a legible hand.
í. evidence : aEiuty^ojjerform duties of baggage-man ancl express messenger, The route agent and the other employe of the express company, who accompanied plaintiff on the second of July, were examined as witnesses on defendant’s behalf. It was shown that they each had had long experience as 1 , , express messengers and bawaffe-men on railroads, , .. , , -'r . , . , and that they were well acquainted with the amount and character of the business done on the route from Albia to Des Moines. Defendant asked these witnesses a number of questions, with the view of eliciting their opinions as to the ability and capacity of plaintiff to perform the duties of baggage-man and express messenger. They were asked whether, in their opinion, he possessed the qualifications and capacity and fitness to discharge the duties devolving on an express messenger and baggage-man, and whether, in their opinion, he possessed sufficient physical strength to handle the amount of baggage which was carried on that route. But these and other similar questions were excluded by the circuit court, on plaintiff’s objection, on the ground that the subject to which they related was one on which the mere opinions of the witnesses were not competent evidence. This ruling is assigned as error. In our opinion the ruling is correct.
The questions related exclusively to plaintiff’s fitness for the position of baggage-man and express messenger, and his capacity to perform the duties of that position. This, we think, was in no sense a question of science or skill, or one upon which inexperienced persons are incapable of forming a correct judgment without the aid of the opinions of experts. Nor is it one in which the facts, from which the judgment [509]*509or opinion must be formed, cannot be fully presented to the jury. The ground upon which it is claimed that the opinions of the witnesses should have been admitted is, that they were well acquainted with the amount and character of the business done on the route, and knew also the degree of skill and strength and activity which must be exercised in the proper performance, of the labor, and they had also seen plaintiff in his attempt to perform the duties of the position; and consequently they were in a position to form a correct judgment as to his fitness and capacity to perform those duties. Under this claim, however, the opinion of the witnesses would be specially valuable, not because of any special study or examination which they had given the subject, but because they were in possession of all the facts which should be considered in forming a judgment or opinion on the subject. Rut these facts were all capable of being communicated to the jury; and the witnesses did state the amount and character of the express business done on the route, and the amount and weight of the baggage which the baggage-man was required to handle, and the time within which the work was required to be done, and the manner in which it should be done, and the other facts which should be considered in forming a judgment as to the strength and skill and activity which must be exercised in performing the duties. They also stated the facts with reference to the manner in which plaintiff did the work while they were with him, and which led them to conclude that he was not capable of properly performing the duties of the position.
As the question of plaintiff’s fitness for the position was to be determined from these facts, it was clearly the province of the jury to determine it. It was for them, and not for the witnesses, to determine what conclusions or deductions should be drawn from the facts which were established. In excluding the evidence of the opinions of the witnesses, the circuit court followed the rule on the subject as heretofore laid down by this court. See Muldowney v. Illinois Cent. R’y Co., [510]*51036 Iowa, 462; Hamilton v. Des Moines Valley R. Co., Id., 31; Belair v. Chicago & N. W. R. Co., 43 Id., 662.
2. railroads: ploye: setaeagreement to as baggage-man and express niessencompany. II. The court instructed the jury that it was the duty of defendant, under the contract between the parties, “ to afford Pontiff' a reasonably fair opportunity to learn the business, and to discharge the duties of baggage and express man on its road, and that, if it discharged him from its service without afford-mg him such opportunity, it was liable. But if it afforded him such opportunity to learn the business and discharge the duties of the position, and he was not able to discharge such duties with reasonable promptness and ability, and it discharged him for that reason, he could not recover.” Defendant assigns the giving of this instruction as error.
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Reed, J.
The evidence given on the trial shows that plaintiff informed defendant in the month of December, [507]*5071882, and at other times between that and the first of the following July, that he was able to go to work as express messenger and baggage-man, and that he desired to be employed in that capacity under the contract between the parties. Shortly before the first of July he was directed by one of defendant’s agents to hold himself in readiness to go to work, and on the second of that month he was directed to take charge of the baggage and express business on defendant’s road from Albia to Des Moines. The baggage and express matter are carried on that route in the same car, but the express business is conducted by the American Express Company. The train on which plaintiff went to work makes one trip daily from Albia to Des Moines and return. On the trip on July second, a route agent of the express company, also another employe of the company, accompanied plaintiff, riding with him in the express and baggage car, and rendered some assistance in handling the baggage and express matter, and the route agent gave plaintiff some directions as to the proper manner of doing the work and transacting the business. The route agent, also accompanied plaintiff on the trip the next day. But when they arrived at Des Moines plaintiff quit the work. Whether he quit voluntarily, or was discharged by the route agent, is in dispute between the parties. But the jury found that he was discharged, and the verdict in this respect finds sufficient support in the evidence.
It frequently happens that single pieces of baggage, weighing as much as two hundred and fifty pounds, are carried on the car, and the express business done on the line is quite extensive. The handling of the baggage .requires the exercise of a good deal of physical strength; and a good deal of dispatch is required in the transaction of the express business to avoid delaying the train unduly at the different stations. The express messenger is also required to make duplicate waybills of such express matter as is received at certain stations on the line, and to enter them upon his delivery book. This writing must be done while the train is in motion; and, as [508]*508these bills and entries constitute the company’s record of the business, it is important that the writing should be legible.
It was claimed by defendant that plaintiff did not possess the physical strength requsite for the handling of the baggage; and that he possessed neither the skill nor activity required in the proper transaction of the express business; and that he could not write a legible hand.
í. evidence : aEiuty^ojjerform duties of baggage-man ancl express messenger, The route agent and the other employe of the express company, who accompanied plaintiff on the second of July, were examined as witnesses on defendant’s behalf. It was shown that they each had had long experience as 1 , , express messengers and bawaffe-men on railroads, , .. , , -'r . , . , and that they were well acquainted with the amount and character of the business done on the route from Albia to Des Moines. Defendant asked these witnesses a number of questions, with the view of eliciting their opinions as to the ability and capacity of plaintiff to perform the duties of baggage-man and express messenger. They were asked whether, in their opinion, he possessed the qualifications and capacity and fitness to discharge the duties devolving on an express messenger and baggage-man, and whether, in their opinion, he possessed sufficient physical strength to handle the amount of baggage which was carried on that route. But these and other similar questions were excluded by the circuit court, on plaintiff’s objection, on the ground that the subject to which they related was one on which the mere opinions of the witnesses were not competent evidence. This ruling is assigned as error. In our opinion the ruling is correct.
The questions related exclusively to plaintiff’s fitness for the position of baggage-man and express messenger, and his capacity to perform the duties of that position. This, we think, was in no sense a question of science or skill, or one upon which inexperienced persons are incapable of forming a correct judgment without the aid of the opinions of experts. Nor is it one in which the facts, from which the judgment [509]*509or opinion must be formed, cannot be fully presented to the jury. The ground upon which it is claimed that the opinions of the witnesses should have been admitted is, that they were well acquainted with the amount and character of the business done on the route, and knew also the degree of skill and strength and activity which must be exercised in the proper performance, of the labor, and they had also seen plaintiff in his attempt to perform the duties of the position; and consequently they were in a position to form a correct judgment as to his fitness and capacity to perform those duties. Under this claim, however, the opinion of the witnesses would be specially valuable, not because of any special study or examination which they had given the subject, but because they were in possession of all the facts which should be considered in forming a judgment or opinion on the subject. Rut these facts were all capable of being communicated to the jury; and the witnesses did state the amount and character of the express business done on the route, and the amount and weight of the baggage which the baggage-man was required to handle, and the time within which the work was required to be done, and the manner in which it should be done, and the other facts which should be considered in forming a judgment as to the strength and skill and activity which must be exercised in performing the duties. They also stated the facts with reference to the manner in which plaintiff did the work while they were with him, and which led them to conclude that he was not capable of properly performing the duties of the position.
As the question of plaintiff’s fitness for the position was to be determined from these facts, it was clearly the province of the jury to determine it. It was for them, and not for the witnesses, to determine what conclusions or deductions should be drawn from the facts which were established. In excluding the evidence of the opinions of the witnesses, the circuit court followed the rule on the subject as heretofore laid down by this court. See Muldowney v. Illinois Cent. R’y Co., [510]*51036 Iowa, 462; Hamilton v. Des Moines Valley R. Co., Id., 31; Belair v. Chicago & N. W. R. Co., 43 Id., 662.
2. railroads: ploye: setaeagreement to as baggage-man and express niessencompany. II. The court instructed the jury that it was the duty of defendant, under the contract between the parties, “ to afford Pontiff' a reasonably fair opportunity to learn the business, and to discharge the duties of baggage and express man on its road, and that, if it discharged him from its service without afford-mg him such opportunity, it was liable. But if it afforded him such opportunity to learn the business and discharge the duties of the position, and he was not able to discharge such duties with reasonable promptness and ability, and it discharged him for that reason, he could not recover.” Defendant assigns the giving of this instruction as error. It is argued by counsel that under it defendant was required to take plaintiff into its employment and give him room in its baggage and express car while he was merely learning the duties of the position of baggage-man and express messenger; but we think .this is not the meaning of the instruction. The character of the duties of the position is shown by the evidence. It is the duty of baggage and express men to receive and care for the baggage which is carried on the car, and deliver it at the station to which it is consigned, and to receive, care for and properly deliver the express matter which is carried on their route, and to make the necessary way-bills arid entries in the book which they are required to keep. A good deal of the work performed by them in the discharge of the duties of the employment consists of mere manual labor; and no previous preparation is required to fit the messenger to perform it. There are other duties, however, which require business knowledge and capacity for their proper performance; but this knowledge the messenger is expected to acquire while in the actual performance of the duties. The business is not one to which men serve an apprenticeship; but intelligent, active men, possessing the requisite physical strength, may enter into it without [511]*511previous special preparation, and by attention to its duties they soon acquire the skill and knowledge required for their proper performance. The instruction in question means simply that defendant was bound to afford plaintiff a fair opportunity to acquire this knowledge and skill in the manner in which it is ordinarily acquired by men in that service; and we think it is correct.
_._. wroñgtui discharge. III. Defendant' also excepts to those portions of the instructions referred to which define the grounds upon which defendant had the right to discharge plaintiff ^rom *ts service> for the reason that it is not applicable to the issue — the complaint in the petition being that it had wrongfully refused to take him into its service under the contract, and not that it wrongfully discharged him from that service. The allegation in the petition is “ that the defendant has refused and failed to furnish him the employment agreed upon.” Under this allegation evidence was properly admitted tending to prove that defendant discharged plaintiff after he had entered its service under the contract. If it discharged him wrongfully, this was as certainly a refusal by it to furnish him the employment agreed upon as its refusal to permit him to enter its service under the contract would have been. The instruction, therefore, was applicable to the issue.
i--- - — : to discharge for mcompetency. IV. Defendant asked the court to give the following instruction to the jury: “If plaintiff undertook to perform the duties of expressman and baggage-man, the defendant had the right to require of him the or performance of the duties required of the service in a reasonably fair and expeditious manner. If he found himself to be incompetent for want of qualification mentally; if he proved to be weak or infirm bodily, or was too slow, and could not discharge the duties in proper time, — the defendant was not bound to continue him in its service.” The court added the following to the instruction: “It is true that if plaintiff proved inefficient to discharge the duties [512]*512of the position in question, after a fair trial, he cannot recover.” And with this addition gave it to the jury. Defendant assigns as error the action of the court in modifying the instruction.
The instruction as asked by defendant is clearly right, and tire proposition embodied in it is expressed with reasonable clearness, and the court might well have given it in the form in which it was asked; but no prejudice could result to defendant from the giving of the clause added by the court. The meaning of the instruction was not thereby changed; for the thought expressed in the clause added is substantially the same as that expressed in the original instruction.
5. PRACTICE on appeal: conflicting support verdlot‘ Y. It is finally insisted that the verdict is not supported by the evidence; but we cannot interfere with “ . , ,, . . the ludgment on this ground. There was conjo o Ehit in the-evidence on nearly all the disputed questions of fact in the case, and we cannot say that the jury were not justified in finding as they did on those questions.
The judgment of the circuit court must be
Affirmed.