Moon v. Moon

229 S.E.2d 440, 237 Ga. 635, 1976 Ga. LEXIS 1337

• Court: Supreme Court of Georgia
• Decided: September 29, 1976
• Docket: 31267
• Status: Published

Opinions

Per curiam.

This is an appeal from a jury verdict awarding the appellant wife a divorce and alimony on grounds of cruel treatment. Two corporations totally owned by the appellee husband and his family were joined as co-defendants because of an alleged fraudulent transaction (28 days preceding the wife’s filing for divorce), in which all real estate owned by the husband was conveyed to Cat Creek Farms, Inc., a subsidiary of F. J. M. Farms, Inc. The trial court directed a verdict in favor of F. J. M. Farms, Inc. and the jury found in favor of Cat Creek Farms, Inc.

1. Enumerations of error 1 through 3 complain of the court’s refusal to allow into evidence proof of ownership of various assets and a partial balance sheet of the parent corporation, F. J. M. Farms, Inc. The appellant contends that such evidence is the only way to prove the value of the husband’s share of the corporations, because the stock is not traded on the open market. Book value of corporate stock may be shown by the use of a balance sheet. Drennon Food Products Co. v. Drennon, 104 Ga. App. 19 (120 SE2d 902) (1961). The appellant in this case, according to the trial court’s ruling, did not present a complete and properly authenticated balance sheet for admission. The exhibits are not in the record and, inasmuch as the issue of alimony must again be tried for the reasons shown in Division 2, it is unnecessary to determine if harmful error has been shown by the appellant wife on the issue of excluding such documentary evidence.

2. The fourth enumeration of error contends the trial court erred in not allowing the wife to testify that the husband prohibited her from working during the early years of the marriage. The appellant claims this testimony has a direct bearing on the amount of alimony to be awarded as well as the divorce issue itself. The separate estate and earning capacity of the wife should be considered by the jury in determining alimony. Baldwin v. Baldwin, 226 Ga. 680 (177 SE2d 85) (1970).

Certainly a wife who has training and skills which could be used to command good earnings but which were not used, because the husband prohibited her from working, will find years later that she has lost her formerly competitive position in the labor market.

If, to please the husband, the wife devotes her energy and time to the home and family, thereby sacrificing her public earning potential, it seems the jury should be able to take these factors into consideration in awarding alimony to her.

The rule followed for many years in Georgia has been that the "necessities of the wife . . . and the husband’s ability to pay... are the controlling factors” when the wife is entitled to alimony. Robertson v. Robertson, 207 Ga. 686 (1a) (63 SE2d 876) (1951). The jury may take into consideration, among other factors, the wife’s former position in the community as the wife of the defendant husband, her manner of living, her material resources and her income, if any. See Fried v. Fried, 211 Ga. 149, 150 (84 SE2d 576) (1954). Accord, Baldwin v. Baldwin, supra. This evidence has a direct bearing on the wife’s earning capacity, or lack of it, and helps prove her need for alimony from the husband. The trial court erred in excluding this testimony.

Argued July 12, 1976 Decided September 29, 1976. Saliba & Newsom, George M. Saliba, Yancey & Perkins, Howard E. Yancey, Jr., for appellant.

3. The fifth enumeration of error contends the court erred in permitting a question, over objection, to the wife in reference to whether she was claiming compensation for the cooking and cleaning which she had done during the marriage. The appellant argues that this was a question of law which she was not qualified to answer. The evidence shows that the question objected to was proper cross examination where the wife had' testified as to the cooking etc. done by her during the years of the marriage.

4. The sixth enumeration of error contends the trial court erred in permitting the appellee to testify that property which he gave as security for a loan to the Federal Land Bank was the "minimum amount” of security acceptable by it to make a loan. The appellant asserts this was self-serving hearsay. The trial court correctly held that the statement was admissible to explain conduct and motive. Code § 38-302.

5. The seventh enumeration of error complains of the following charge: "In considering alimony payable to the wife, if you find that the wife is entitled to any alimony, the controlling factors to be considered are as follows: the separate estate of the wife, the necessities of the wife, the earning capacities of the wife ...” The appellant concedes this is a correct principle of law, but claims it was not adjusted to the evidence- presented in this case because there was no evidence of any material resource or manner and style of living of the appellant. The record contains evidence which authorized the charge given.

Inasmuch as no contention is made that the grant of the divorce was not authorized, a new trial is ordered on the issue of alimony only for the reasons stated in Division 2. Compare Burney v. Burney, 233 Ga. 216 (210 SE2d 727) (1974).

Judgment reversed in part.

All the Justices concur, except Nichols, C. J., and Undercofler, P. J., who dissent. Blackburn & Bright, J. Converse Bright, Barham & Bennett, John R. Bennett, for appellees.