Adams, J.
These cases have been presented with the learning and ability commensurate with their importance. The questions involved may be considered first as to whether the county had the power to make the compromise agreement; and second, if it had such power, whether the agreement is void by reason of fraud on the part of the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad Company, or for want of consideration.
The .first proposition made by the county is that the lands were in fact swamp lands. Having established this proposition, as it claims, it maintains that the county could not, under the statutes then in force, devote the lands to .the making of a railway through the • county unless authorized by a vote of the people of the county; that by the agreement in question the lands were devoted to the making of a railroad through the county, and that the same was not authorized by a vote of the people of the county.
It appears to us that if the county had the power to make a compromise, and if the agreement in question was a compromise, the county cannot now be heard to say that the land was swamp land, and that the county could not for that reason make the agreement in question. As to whether the land was swamp land was the very question in issue. That is precisely what the parties agreed not to test in the court of ultimate report. It is not, therefore, for us to say that the land was swamp land. The fact that it was so held by this court was not conclusive. The question was still an open one, and the agreement for a settlement made while the case was pending in the Supreme Court of the United States was virtually .an agreement that the question should remain an open one forever. .’Most certainly the county cannot be permitted, after having-obtained an agreement from the company to waive its right to ask the Federal Supreme Court to correct the error in this court, to insist in this court that the very ruling complained of was correct. As between the parties, then, to that agreement, if the county had the power t'o make a compromise^ and if that agreement was a compromise, this court will not hold That the land was swamp land.
[71]*71l. municipal compromise swamplands. [70]*70We come next to. consider the question as to whether the [71]*71pounty had the power to make a compromise. That the county had such power we think was substantially held in Allen v. Cerro Gordo County, 34 Iowa, 54, and in Grimes v. Hamilton County, 37 Iowa, 298. In the latter case it was held that an action brought to recover for services in securing the title to swamp lands might be compromised by the defendant county by a conveyance of a portion of the land.
It is claimed, however, that where a county is a party to an ■action involving the question of- title to swamp lands, or lands alleged to be swamp lands, the county has no power to compromise such action. It is said that the county holds such land in trust, and that a trustee must assume the validity of the title to the trust property and act accordingly.- But a trustee, in the exercise of a reasonable discretion, may certainly compromise debts. Blue v. Marshall, 3 P. Wms., 381; Radcliffe v. Winch, 17 Beav., 216. And we have no doubt that in the exercise of such discretion he may compromise any action whatever. A municipal corporation may compromise claims. Augusta v. Leadbeater; 16 Maine, 45; Bean v. Jay, 23 Maine, 117; Petersburg v. Mappim, 14 Ill., 193.
•___. • —"• The general power of the county to compromise even where a question of title to alleged swamp lands is involved does not, indeed, seem to be very seriously denied by the counsel for the County. They insist mainly that •such power could not be exercised under the peculiar circum■'stances of this case. Great stress is laid upon the fact that at -the time of the compromise there had been an adjudication in -favor of the county, not only by the District' Court, but by this •eourt. So long, however, as the action was still pending, it was as much the proper subject of compromise as if no decision had been made.
• Another objection taken is that the agreement was not a compromise. It is said that it was a total surrender by the county to the claims of the company. But the county did not agree to convey to the company all the land which the company -claimed. It expressly excepted 9,576 acres. This would show, of course, that the agreement was a compromise were it not for [72]*72the fact that the county agreed to pay the company ten thou: sand dollars.
3. • — •; ——: eration. The land excepted, it appears, had been conveyed to settler's. The county was anxious to protect them. It became necessary, therefore, to reserve in the settlement the land which had been sold them. Instead of this land the county offered to give the company ten thousand dollars. The precise language used is as follows: “ We offer you for this .balance (the 9,576 acres) ten thousand dollars in money.” The fact that the land claimed by the company was not all conveyed to. the company would not show a compromise if it was understood by the parties that ten thousand dollars was the value of the land excepted. The proposition as made by the county was nominally based upon the theory that that was the value, but there is nothing to show that such was the real understanding of the parties. It is easy to suppose that both parties knew well that the land excepted was worth more than ten thousand dollars. Before we should be justified in setting aside the agreement upon the ground that the company obtained all it claimed — ■ the identical lands in part, and for the remainder an equivalent — the county should satisfy us that such was the fact.
And even then we should have to inquire further, and determine- whether some valuable consideration did not move to the county by which the agreement could be supported as a compromise. The surrender of the whole of a disputed claim- is not the less a compromise if something is paid for the surrender. In this case we find that the company agreed to build its railroad through the county by the way of Grlenwood, and establish a depot at Grlenwood. Whether the county could devote swamp lands, or not, to the building of a railroad without a vote of the people, it might compromise a disputed claim for swamp lands in consideration of the building of a railroad without a vote of the people. Before we could hold that such an agreement is prohibited, we should need to ascertain and determine that the claim in question was a valid one. But the county, as we have seen, cannot ask such a determination because it has agreed for a consideration that the question shall remain undetex-mined.
[73]*734 ._. -: • This brings us to consider another position taken by the county, and that is that what the company agreed to do was no consideration, because it only agreed to do what it was under a necessity ol‘ doing before the agreement was made. By the act of Congress of May 15, 1856, the land granted was to aid in the construction of a railroad “ running from Burlington on the Mississippi river to a point on the Missouri river near the mouth of the Platte river.” Mills county is on the Missouri, and the mouth of the Platte river is opposite the county. It is claimed, and perhaps 'properly, that the road could not terminate near the mouth of the Platte river without running through Mills county.
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Adams, J.
These cases have been presented with the learning and ability commensurate with their importance. The questions involved may be considered first as to whether the county had the power to make the compromise agreement; and second, if it had such power, whether the agreement is void by reason of fraud on the part of the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad Company, or for want of consideration.
The .first proposition made by the county is that the lands were in fact swamp lands. Having established this proposition, as it claims, it maintains that the county could not, under the statutes then in force, devote the lands to .the making of a railway through the • county unless authorized by a vote of the people of the county; that by the agreement in question the lands were devoted to the making of a railroad through the county, and that the same was not authorized by a vote of the people of the county.
It appears to us that if the county had the power to make a compromise, and if the agreement in question was a compromise, the county cannot now be heard to say that the land was swamp land, and that the county could not for that reason make the agreement in question. As to whether the land was swamp land was the very question in issue. That is precisely what the parties agreed not to test in the court of ultimate report. It is not, therefore, for us to say that the land was swamp land. The fact that it was so held by this court was not conclusive. The question was still an open one, and the agreement for a settlement made while the case was pending in the Supreme Court of the United States was virtually .an agreement that the question should remain an open one forever. .’Most certainly the county cannot be permitted, after having-obtained an agreement from the company to waive its right to ask the Federal Supreme Court to correct the error in this court, to insist in this court that the very ruling complained of was correct. As between the parties, then, to that agreement, if the county had the power t'o make a compromise^ and if that agreement was a compromise, this court will not hold That the land was swamp land.
[71]*71l. municipal compromise swamplands. [70]*70We come next to. consider the question as to whether the [71]*71pounty had the power to make a compromise. That the county had such power we think was substantially held in Allen v. Cerro Gordo County, 34 Iowa, 54, and in Grimes v. Hamilton County, 37 Iowa, 298. In the latter case it was held that an action brought to recover for services in securing the title to swamp lands might be compromised by the defendant county by a conveyance of a portion of the land.
It is claimed, however, that where a county is a party to an ■action involving the question of- title to swamp lands, or lands alleged to be swamp lands, the county has no power to compromise such action. It is said that the county holds such land in trust, and that a trustee must assume the validity of the title to the trust property and act accordingly.- But a trustee, in the exercise of a reasonable discretion, may certainly compromise debts. Blue v. Marshall, 3 P. Wms., 381; Radcliffe v. Winch, 17 Beav., 216. And we have no doubt that in the exercise of such discretion he may compromise any action whatever. A municipal corporation may compromise claims. Augusta v. Leadbeater; 16 Maine, 45; Bean v. Jay, 23 Maine, 117; Petersburg v. Mappim, 14 Ill., 193.
•___. • —"• The general power of the county to compromise even where a question of title to alleged swamp lands is involved does not, indeed, seem to be very seriously denied by the counsel for the County. They insist mainly that •such power could not be exercised under the peculiar circum■'stances of this case. Great stress is laid upon the fact that at -the time of the compromise there had been an adjudication in -favor of the county, not only by the District' Court, but by this •eourt. So long, however, as the action was still pending, it was as much the proper subject of compromise as if no decision had been made.
• Another objection taken is that the agreement was not a compromise. It is said that it was a total surrender by the county to the claims of the company. But the county did not agree to convey to the company all the land which the company -claimed. It expressly excepted 9,576 acres. This would show, of course, that the agreement was a compromise were it not for [72]*72the fact that the county agreed to pay the company ten thou: sand dollars.
3. • — •; ——: eration. The land excepted, it appears, had been conveyed to settler's. The county was anxious to protect them. It became necessary, therefore, to reserve in the settlement the land which had been sold them. Instead of this land the county offered to give the company ten thousand dollars. The precise language used is as follows: “ We offer you for this .balance (the 9,576 acres) ten thousand dollars in money.” The fact that the land claimed by the company was not all conveyed to. the company would not show a compromise if it was understood by the parties that ten thousand dollars was the value of the land excepted. The proposition as made by the county was nominally based upon the theory that that was the value, but there is nothing to show that such was the real understanding of the parties. It is easy to suppose that both parties knew well that the land excepted was worth more than ten thousand dollars. Before we should be justified in setting aside the agreement upon the ground that the company obtained all it claimed — ■ the identical lands in part, and for the remainder an equivalent — the county should satisfy us that such was the fact.
And even then we should have to inquire further, and determine- whether some valuable consideration did not move to the county by which the agreement could be supported as a compromise. The surrender of the whole of a disputed claim- is not the less a compromise if something is paid for the surrender. In this case we find that the company agreed to build its railroad through the county by the way of Grlenwood, and establish a depot at Grlenwood. Whether the county could devote swamp lands, or not, to the building of a railroad without a vote of the people, it might compromise a disputed claim for swamp lands in consideration of the building of a railroad without a vote of the people. Before we could hold that such an agreement is prohibited, we should need to ascertain and determine that the claim in question was a valid one. But the county, as we have seen, cannot ask such a determination because it has agreed for a consideration that the question shall remain undetex-mined.
[73]*734 ._. -: • This brings us to consider another position taken by the county, and that is that what the company agreed to do was no consideration, because it only agreed to do what it was under a necessity ol‘ doing before the agreement was made. By the act of Congress of May 15, 1856, the land granted was to aid in the construction of a railroad “ running from Burlington on the Mississippi river to a point on the Missouri river near the mouth of the Platte river.” Mills county is on the Missouri, and the mouth of the Platte river is opposite the county. It is claimed, and perhaps 'properly, that the road could not terminate near the mouth of the Platte river without running through Mills county. Did the company, then, do anything which it was not under a previous necessity of doing? It agreed to build its road by the way of Glenwood, and we think it might have built its road by some other way. It is true the road had been surveyed by the way of Glenwood, and a map of the survey had been duly filed. The route, we think, had been “ definitely fixed ” within the meaning of the act of Congress making the grant. Whether after that any substantial change could be made in the route, we need not determine. ■ Slight variations might be made. Sec. 6, Chap. 1, Extra Session, Laws 1856. Possibly only such could be made as should be demanded by proper engineering. But if only such could be made, we cannot say that the company was under the necessity of running by the way of Glenr wood: What the facts are in that respect the record does not disclose. Possibly the road could have been run some other way with less expense, and that too without any substantial change of route. As between these parties, we think the presumption is that the company was not under the necessity of building its road by the way of Glenwood. The county took pains to stipulate for such location. If it was stipulating for the inevitable, it is for the county to show it. We are of the opinion that the county has failed to produce the requisite evidence in this respect.
In addition to the location of the road by Glenwood, the company agreed to establish a depot at Glenwood. This may have been of no benefit to the county, but as the county stipu[74]*74lated for it we think that we must presume that it was. Besides, the company agreed to pay one-half of the costs in the suit, and this alone was a consideration.
■ The fraud alleged to have been practiced upon the county by the company is said to have consisted in certain statements, and in certain acts. Considerable testimony' was introduced for the purpose of showing statements made by mere employes of the company to certain individuals. In our opinion, such evidence is not entitled to any weight. The statements more especially relied upon as fraudulent were those of the president of the company, made to a prominent citizen, and former officer of the county. The statements were that “he did not ■know whether the road would go through Mills county; that the company hated to run a road through the county when the people were fighting them.” If we should conclude that the president did know that the company would run its road ■through Mills- county, it would be for the reason that he must have known that the company could not legally run its road elsewhere, and we should be obliged to conclude that the county knew it for the same, reason. We are of the opinion ■that the evidence fails to show any such statements on the part of the officers of the company, or any persons authorized to speak for the company, as would justify us in setting aside the agreement on the ground that the statements were fraudulent.
B ._. • fraud. ■' The fraudulent acts relied upon consisted in running- what the counsel for the county call “ scare lines.” Upon this point we think it may be said that if the company had a legal right to run its road upon those lines the evidence is insufficient to show that they were run as “ scare lines.” If it-had no legal right to run its road there, the county was not justified in being scared. We see nothing, then, in what- was said or done, which appears to us to amount to fraud.
We have assumed thus far that the agreement for a compromise was not abandoned by the company, but was carried out on ■ its part. - But the county contends that it was abandoned. . To show that it was, the county put in evidence the [75]*75docket entry of the Supreme Court of the United States made in the case in which the alleged compromise was made, which entry shows in effect that the case came on to be heard, and was argued by counsel, and that the decree of the Supreme Court of Iowa was affirmed. To rebut that .evidence, the company introduced the testimony of the attorneys of the defendant company in that case. From it, it appears that nothing was done by the attorneys of the defendant company in that case in the Supreme Court of the United States, except to file printed briefs, and that if they were filed after the compromise was made they were filed in ignorance of'the compromise. The counsel for the company did not appear personally in court. One of them, speaking of the compromise, says: “No attention was thereafter given by counsel'for defendant to the case, as the matter was supposed to be compromised.”
Properly, of course, the appeal should have been dismissed; but that was neglected. The briefs which were filed remained on file. When the case was called, the court doubtless. regarded it as for submission. But we see nothing in this which satisfies us that the company abandoned the compromise, or that either party did anything upon the supposition that the compromise had been abandoned.
The judgment of the court below in the case of Mills County v. The Burlington & Missouri River R. Co. et al. must be affirmed, and the judgment in the case of The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy R. Co. v. Mills County must be
Reversed.