Milliner v. Bock

• Court: District Court, N.D. California
• Decided: June 11, 2020
• Docket: 3:20-cv-01564
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 2 3 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 6 7 CHARLOTTE B. MILLINER, Case No. 20-cv-01564-JSC

8 Petitioner, ORDER RE: PETITION TO CONFIRM 9 v. ARBITRATION AWARD; RESPONDENTS’ MOTION TO 10 THOMAS H. BOCK, et al., VACATE ARBITRATION AWARD

Respondents. 11 Re: Dkt. Nos. 1 & 10 12

13 Pursuant to the Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”), Charlotte B. Milliner, as trustee of the 14 Charlotte B. Milliner Trust and as owner and holder of the Charlotte B. Milliner SEP IRA, 15 (“Petitioner” or “Ms. Milliner”), seeks an order confirming an arbitration award issued in her favor 16 by the Financial Industry Regulatory Association (“FINRA”). (Dkt. No. 1.)1 Thomas H. Bock 17 and Mary C. Evans (together, “Respondents”) move to vacate the same award.2 (Dkt. No. 10.) 18 After careful consideration of the parties’ briefing the Court concludes that oral argument is 19 unnecessary, see Civil Local Rule 7-1(b), vacates the hearing scheduled for June 18, 2020, and 20 DENIES Respondents’ motion to vacate and CONFIRMS the arbitration award for the reasons 21 stated below. 22 BACKGROUND 23 In December 2014 Petitioner filed a statement of claim with FINRA against Respondents, 24 Mutual Securities, Inc. (“MSI”), and Bock Evans Financial Counsel, Ltd. (“BEFC”).3 (Dkt. No. 25

26 1 Record citations are to material in the Electronic Case File (“ECF”); pinpoint citations are to the ECF-generated page numbers at the top of the documents. 27 2 All parties have consented to the jurisdiction of a magistrate judge pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1 1-1 at 2.) Petitioner alleged that Respondents, as licensed and registered principals of MSI, a 2 broker-dealer registered with FINRA, violated federal law and state law and FINRA rules in 3 managing an investment account funded by Petitioner’s retirement savings.4 (Dkt. No. 1-1 at 2-3.) 4 Petitioner asserted multiple claims and sought over $3 million in compensatory damages. (Id. at 5 3.) Petitioner served her statement of claim on Respondents in January 2015. (Dkt. No. 13-1, Ex. 6 A at 2.) Respondents, as FINRA-regulated financial advisors, agreed to submit to FINRA 7 arbitration in February 2015. (Dkt. Nos. 1 at ¶ 9 & 10 at 6-7; see also Dkt. No. 1-3, Ex. 3.) The 8 FINRA Arbitration Submission Agreement provides, in pertinent part: 9 The parties agree to abide by and perform any award(s) rendered pursuant to this Submission Agreement. The parties further agree that 10 a judgment and any interest due thereon, may be entered upon such award(s) and, for these purposes, the parties hereby voluntarily 11 consent to submit to the jurisdiction of any court of competent jurisdiction which may properly enter such judgment.5 12 13 (Dkt. No. 1-3, Ex. 3 at 2-5.) 14 The parties stipulated to a stay of proceedings in March 2016 pending related litigation in 15 federal court; specifically, a class action suit Petitioner brought against MSI. (Dkt. No. 1-1 at 4.) 16 In June 2019 Petitioner notified the FINRA arbitration panel (“the Panel”) that the district court 17 dismissed the case against MSI, and the arbitration was reactivated on June 26, 2019. (Dkt. Nos. 18 1-1 at 4; 10 at 7; Dkt. No. 10-1, Ex. 3 at 108.) Petitioner then submitted a letter to the Panel 19 advising it that Petitioner had settled with MSI and was dismissing her claims against MSI. (Dkt. 20 No. 1-1 at 4.) 21 The Panel held an “Initial Prehearing Conference”6 with the parties on July 26, 2019, 22

23 not a FINRA member and thus did not voluntarily submit to FINRA arbitration. (Dkt. No. 1-1 at 4.) 24 4 The conduct at issue in the FINRA arbitration was also the subject of two actions brought by Petitioner in the district court. See Milliner v. Bock Evans Fin. Counsel, Ltd., 15-cv-01763-JD 25 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 20, 2015); Milliner v. Mutual Sec., Inc., No. 4:15-cv-03354-DMR (N.D. Cal. July 21, 2015). 26 5 There is no dispute that the Northern District of California has jurisdiction over the award. 6 Although the document characterizes the July 2019 hearing as an “Initial Prehearing 27 Conference,” the record reflects that the Panel held previous hearings with the parties. (See Dkt. 1 during which it set the arbitration hearing dates for November 12-13, 2019. (Dkt. No. 10-1, Ex. 4 2 at 111, 113.) The Panel set September 6, 2019 as the “[l]ast day to serve discovery requests” and 3 November 8, 2019 as the deadline to respond to discovery requests. (Id. at 114 (“The parties have 4 agreed that responses to discovery requests are due 11/08/2019”).) Further, the parties’ prehearing 5 briefs and witness lists were both due by November 1, 2019. (Id. at 116.) 6 On September 12, 2019, Respondents moved pursuant to the FINRA arbitration rules 7 (“FINRA Rules”) to postpone the hearing because the discovery response deadline of November 8 8 provided “only two business days before the scheduled hearing” in which to review the responses. 9 Thus, Respondents asserted that the deadline was impractical because: (1) the deadline “prevents 10 the parties from complying with FINRA Rule 12514, requiring that the parties exchange proposed 11 exhibits at least 20-days before the first scheduled hearing session”; (2) the deadline prevents the 12 parties from complying with FINRA Rule 12503, which requires that motions to compel discovery 13 “be made at least 20 days before a scheduled hearing” and provides a briefing schedule for such 14 motions; and (3) the propounding party would not know until November 8, 2019 whether 15 “documents requested in discovery may be appropriately subpoenaed from a non-party” because 16 the opposing party objected to the requested discovery. (Dkt. No. 10-1, Ex. 5 at 119-22.) 17 Respondents requested to postpone the hearing to give the parties “an appropriate amount of time 18 to execute discovery and respond accordingly,” allow “a discovery dispute hearing if necessary,” 19 and enable the parties to “adequately prepare the case for hearing.” (Id. at 121.) Petitioner 20 opposed the motion on the grounds that Respondents argued only “that they may need more time 21 to complete discovery, but fail to identify anything they need that they don’t already have,” and 22 that Respondents failed to meet and confer in good faith to resolve the issue. (Dkt. No. 13-2, Ex. 23 B at 2-6.) The Panel denied Respondents’ motion to postpone without comment on October 5, 24 2019. (Dkt. No. 10-1, Ex. 6 at 125-26.) 25 The parties served their discovery responses by the November 8, 2019 deadline. Petitioner 26 “objected to every discovery request and did not provide any responding documents.” (Dkt. Nos. 27 10 at 8 & 10-1, Ex. 9 at 178-85 (Petitioner’s “Response to Request for Documents and 1 The arbitration commenced as scheduled on November 12-13, 2019. At the conclusion of 2 the hearing, the Panel asked both parties to provide additional evidence. First, the Panel asked 3 Petitioner to provide ‘third party statements confirming that the stocks that Respondents had 4 purchased into the Accounts had been liquidated.” (Dkt. No. 12 at 13-14.) Petitioner provided the 5 requested documents on November 18, 2019. (Dkt. Nos. 12 at 14 & 13-3, Ex. C at 2.) The Panel 6 also “orally asked Respondents to see if non-party MSI would voluntarily produce certain 7 documents. Respondents provided all responsive documents provided by MSI to the [P]anel on 8 November 26, 2019.” (Dkt. No. 10 at 9; see also Dkt. No. 13-4, Ex. D.) On December 3, 2019, 9 the Panel again requested additional information before rendering its decision; specifically, certain 10 information sought by Respondents in their request for production. (See Dkt. No. 10-1, Ex. 10 at 11 188.) Petitioner responded to the Panel’s request and provided responsive documents on 12 December 13, 2019. (Dkt. No. 10-1, Ex. 11 at 190-94.) 13 The Panel issued a unanimous award in Petitioner’s favor on January 13, 2020, finding 14 Respondents jointly and severally liable and awarding Petitioner $773,527.13 in compensatory 15 damages. (Dkt. No. 10-1, Ex. 12 at 198.) The award states, in pertinent part, that the Panel 16 “consider[ed] the pleadings, the testimony and evidence presented at the hearing, and the post- 17 hearing submissions” in rendering its decision. (Id.) Under the FINRA Rules, “[u]nless the 18 applicable law directs otherwise, all awards rendered under the Code are final and are not subject 19 to review or appeal.” (Dkt. No. 10-1, Ex. 1 at 91 (FINRA Code of Arbitration Procedure for 20 Customer Disputes, Rule 12904).) 21 Petitioner filed the instant petition to confirm the award on March 3, 2020. (Dkt. No. 1.) 22 Respondents filed their motion to vacate the award on April 13, 2020. (Dkt. No. 10.) 23 Respondents’ motion is fully briefed, (see Dkt. Nos. 12 & 15).7 24 // 25

26 7 Pursuant to Civil Local Rule 7-3(d)(1), Petitioner objects to the Supplemental Declaration of Respondents’ Counsel Rebecca Mastel, (Dkt. No. 14), on the grounds that the exhibit included 27 with Ms. Mastel’s declaration is an incomplete portion of the arbitration hearing transcript, (see 1 DISCUSSION 2 The FAA provides, in pertinent part: 3 If the parties in their agreement have agreed that a judgment of the court shall be entered upon the award made pursuant to the arbitration, 4 and shall specify the court, then at any time within one year after the award is made any party to the arbitration may apply to the court so 5 specified for an order confirming the award, and thereupon the court must grant such an order unless the award is vacated, modified, or 6 corrected as prescribed in sections 10 and 11 of this title. 7 9 U.S.C. § 9. Section 10(a) of the FAA provides the exclusive grounds on which a court may 8 vacate an arbitration award: 9 (1) where the award was procured by corruption, fraud, or undue means; 10 (2) where there was evident partiality or corruption in the arbitrators, 11 or either of them; 12 (3) where the arbitrators were guilty of misconduct in refusing to postpone the hearing, upon sufficient cause shown, or in refusing to 13 hear evidence pertinent and material to the controversy; or of any other misbehavior by which the rights of any party have been 14 prejudiced; or 15 (4) where the arbitrators exceeded their powers, or so imperfectly executed them that a mutual, final, and definite award upon the 16 subject matter submitted was not made. 17 9 U.S.C. § 10(a); see also U.S. Life Ins. v. Superior Nat’l Ins. Co., 591 F.3d 1167, 1173 (9th Cir. 18 2010) (holding that Section 10 lists the exclusive grounds for vacating an arbitration award). 19 “Section 10(a)’s limited grounds are “designed to preserve due process but not to permit 20 unnecessary public intrusion into private arbitration procedures.” Id. (internal quotation marks 21 and citation omitted). “The burden of establishing grounds for vacating an arbitration award is on 22 the party seeking it.” U.S. Life, 591 F.3d at 1173. 23 I. Motion to Vacate 24 Respondents move to vacate the arbitration award pursuant to section 10(a)(3),(4) on the 25 grounds that: (1) the Panel failed to postpone the hearing despite Respondents’ showing of good 26 cause; and (2) the Panel failed to allow Respondents “time to conduct adequate discovery.” (Dkt. 27 No. 10 at 10, 15.) The gravamen of Respondents’ motion is that the Panel acted contrary to the 1 Petitioner opposes the motion to vacate on the grounds that it is untimely,8 and that, in any event, 2 Respondents fail to establish grounds for vacatur. (Dkt. No. 12.) 3 A. Respondents’ Motion to Vacate is Timely 4 Under the FAA, “[n]otice of a motion to vacate, modify, or correct an award must be 5 served upon the adverse party or his attorney within three months after the award is filed or 6 delivered.” 9 U.S.C. § 12. Because the FAA does not provide the procedure “for calculating the 7 ‘within three months’ period,” courts must look to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 6(a). Stevens 8 v. Jiffy Lube Int’l, Inc., 911 F.3d 1249, 1252 (9th Cir. 2018). Under Rule 6: 9 When the period is stated in days or a longer unit of time: (A) exclude the day of the event that triggers the period; (B) count every day, 10 including intermediate Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays; and (C) include the last day of the period, but if the last day is a Saturday, 11 Sunday, or legal holiday, the period continues to run until the end of the next day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday. 12 13 Fed. R. Civ. P. 6(a)(1). 14 The Panel issued the arbitration award on January 13, 2020. Thus, Respondents’ motion to 15 vacate was due April 12, 2020. See Stevens, 911 F.3d at 1252 (“‘[C]ount[ing] every day,’ Fed. R. 16 Civ. P. 6(a)(1)(B), a month beginning on the fifteenth concludes on the fourteenth of the following 17 month—just as the month beginning January 1 concludes on January 31, not February 1; and just 18 as the week beginning on Monday concludes on Sunday, not the following Monday.”). However, 19 because April 12, 2020 was a Sunday, Respondents’ motion to vacate was due the next day— 20 April 13, 2020. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 6(a)(1)(C). Respondents filed their motion on April 13, 2020; 21 therefore, the motion is timely. 22 B. Respondents Fail to Establish Grounds to Vacate 23 As previously discussed, Respondents’ argument in support of vacatur is two-pronged: (1) 24 the Panel erred in failing to postpone the hearing; and (2) the Panel failed to allow Respondents 25

26 8 Petitioner’s opposition also asserts that Respondents’ motion contains “numerous unsupported factual representations” because they “failed to provide th[e] Court with any transcript of [the 27 arbitration] proceedings.” (Dkt. No. 12 at 15.) Petitioner does not, however, specify which 1 adequate time to conduct discovery in accordance with FINRA Rules. The Court addresses each 2 argument in turn. 3 1. Denial of Motion to Postpone 4 Respondents argue that the Panel’s denial of Respondents’ motion to postpone the hearing 5 denied “them the discovery process they were entitled to under both due process and the 6 arbitration contract.” (Dkt. No. 15 at 4.) They assert that the Panel had no reasonable basis to 7 deny their request, and the denial was instead arbitrary and constitutes misconduct under section 8 10(a)(3) because it prohibited Respondents from conducting adequate discovery. The Court 9 disagrees. 10 Arbitrators are “provided with broad discretion and great deference in their determinations 11 of procedural adjournment requests.” Fordjour v. Washington Mut. Bank, No. C 07-1446 MMC 12 (PR), 2010 WL 2529093, at *5 (N.D. Cal. June 18, 2010). “While the arbitrary denial of a 13 reasonable request for a postponement may serve as a ground for vacating the arbitration award, if 14 there exists a reasonable basis for the arbitrator’s considered decision not to grant a postponement, 15 no misconduct will be found.” Id. (citation omitted). Vacatur under section 10(a)(3) is only 16 warranted if the denial of a postponement denied a party a fundamentally fair arbitration 17 proceeding. Id. 18 Here, the Panel denied Respondents’ motion to postpone without comment; however, that 19 is of no moment because “arbitrators are not required to state the reasons for their decisions.” See 20 A.G. Edwards & Sons, Inc. v. McCollough, 967 F.2d 1401, 1403 (9th Cir. 1992). The record 21 demonstrates at least two reasonable bases for the Panel’s decision to deny Respondents’ request. 22 First, Respondents’ expressly agreed to the discovery deadlines set at the July 26, 2019 scheduling 23 hearing, (see Dkt. No. 10-1, Ex. 4 at 114 (noting “[t]he parties have agreed that responses to 24 discovery requests are due 11/08/2019”)), and there is no indication that Respondents disagreed 25 with any of the other dates set at the July 2019 hearing, including the November 12-13 arbitration 26 hearing dates. Presumably Respondents were aware of the FINRA Rules at the July 2019 hearing 27 and if they had concerns about the discovery deadlines they could have raised them at that time. 1 hearing based on concerns Respondents raised roughly 7 weeks later and 2 months before the 2 arbitration hearing based on their “recent review of the case, anticipated discovery, and previously 3 exchanged discovery requests prior to the stay being issued,” does not evince misconduct. This is 4 especially true given that Respondents’ motion did not specify an actual discovery dispute but 5 asserted only “that there is a high probability that the parties will experience some dispute over 6 discovery.” (Dkt. No. 10-1, Ex. 5 at 120.) 7 Second, Petitioner opposed the request to postpone the hearing. Petitioner’s opposition 8 asserted that Respondents failed to “identify anything they need [discovery-wise] that they don’t 9 already have,” and that Respondents failed to meet and confer in good faith as required under the 10 FINRA Rules. (Dkt. No. 13-2, Ex. B at 2-6.) Either of those grounds constitutes a reasonable 11 basis to deny Respondents’ request to postpone. 12 Finally, and as explained below, Respondents fail to show that the discovery deadlines 13 resulted in a hearing that was not fundamentally fair. 14 2. Adequate Discovery under the FINRA Rules 15 Respondents assert that vacatur is warranted pursuant to section 10(a)(4) because the Panel 16 failed to abide by the FINRA Rules in conducting the arbitration; specifically, the discovery 17 processes and timelines set forth in Rules 12503 and 12509 (requiring that written motions to 18 compel discovery, like all motions, be “served at 20 days before a scheduled hearing unless the 19 panel decides otherwise”) and Rule 12514 (requiring parties to submit 20 days before the hearing 20 exhibits and list of witnesses they intend to use at the hearing). Respondents argue that the 21 schedule set forth at the July 2019 hearing made compliance with those rules impossible, thereby 22 denying Respondents their “rights under the arbitration contract.” (Dkt. No. 10 at 19.) 23 Respondents’ argument has superficial appeal. In submitting to arbitration under the 24 FINRA Rules it is reasonable for a party to expect that the arbitration will be conducted in 25 accordance with those rules. Again, however, the argument is undercut because Respondents 26 expressly agreed to the discovery deadlines set at the July 26, 2019 scheduling hearing. (See Dkt. 27 No. 10-1, Ex. 4 at 114 (“The parties have agreed that responses to discovery requests are due 1 Of equal importance, Respondents could have raised any discovery or evidentiary issues 2 with the Panel after the Panel denied Respondents’ motion to postpone but before the Panel issued 3 its decision in January 2020. “[I]t is well settled that a party may not sit idle through an arbitration 4 procedure and then collaterally attack that procedure on grounds not raised before the arbitrators 5 when the result turns out to be adverse.” Marino v. Writers Guild of Am. E., Inc., 992 F.2d 1480, 6 1484 (9th Cir. 1993). Instead, parties are “required[ ] to raise their complaints about the 7 arbitration during the arbitration process itself, when that is possible.” Id. 8 Respondents did not file a motion to compel after obtaining Petitioner’s discovery 9 responses. Their assertion that they could not do so because FINRA Rule 12503 “prohibits the 10 submission of motions within twenty (20) days before a hearing” is wrong. (See Dkt. No. 10 at 11 18.) FINRA Rule 12503’s 20-day requirement applies to written motions only; the Rule also 12 provides, in pertinent part: “A party may make motions in writing, or orally during any hearing 13 session.” (Dkt. No. 10-1, Ex. 1 at 57 (FINRA Rule 12503(a)(1) (emphasis added)).) Thus, 14 Respondents could have moved to compel at the arbitration hearing. They did not do so. Nor do 15 Respondents offer evidence or even argue that they otherwise expressly raised an issue with the 16 Panel during the hearing regarding an inability to defend the claims against them based on 17 inadequate discovery. 18 Respondents also fail to show that the discovery process did not result in “a fundamentally 19 fair hearing.” See Sunshine Min. Co. v. United Steelworkers of Am., AFL-CIO, CLC, 823 F.2d 20 1289, 1295 (9th Cir. 1987) (noting that arbitration does not “provide the same procedural 21 protection as do judicial proceedings[,]” and “an arbitrator need only grant the parties a 22 fundamentally fair hearing”) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). “A hearing is 23 fundamentally fair if it meets the minimal requirements of fairness—adequate notice, a hearing on 24 the evidence, and an impartial decision by the arbitrator.” Id. (internal quotation marks and 25 citation omitted). 26 Here, Respondents fail to show that they were not afforded an “adequate opportunity to 27 present [their] evidence and arguments,” or “complete [their] presentation of proof prior to the 1 argue that they raised any evidentiary issues with the Panel during the hearing, and following the 2 hearing the Panel requested and received additional evidence from both parties, including 3 documents from Petitioner that were sought by Respondents’ discovery request. Respondents’ 4 reply briefing asserts that the post-hearing submissions do not cure the prejudice that resulted from 5 being unable to compel discovery from Petitioner prior to the hearing because after the post- 6 hearing submissions “[t]here was no time allotted for the parties to review the new evidence, no 7 hearing to conduct new testimony, and no invitation for post-hearing briefs.” (Dkt. No. 15 at 8.) 8 However, under the FINRA Rules, Respondents could have requested those things but did not do 9 so. (See Dkt. No. 10-1, Ex. 1 at 75 (FINRA Rule 12609 (“The panel may reopen the record on its 10 own initiative or upon motion of any party at any time before the award is rendered, unless 11 prohibited by applicable law.”).) Thus, Respondents at least had the opportunity to present further 12 argument and evidence after the hearing. The Panel’s failure to reopen the record on its own 13 initiative and absent any notice from Respondents that they could not effectively argue their 14 defense during the hearing does not evince misconduct. 15 *** 16 In sum, Respondents fail to demonstrate that the Panel engaged in misconduct such that the 17 arbitration hearing was not fundamentally fair. Accordingly, the Court denies Respondents’ 18 motion to vacate the award. 19 II. Petition to Confirm Award 20 Petitioner seeks an order confirming the January 2020 award under section 9 of the FAA 21 and FINRA Rule 12904, which provides that an award “may be entered as a judgment in any court 22 of competent jurisdiction.” (Dkt. No. 1 at ¶ 13.) The Court confirms the award pursuant to 23 section 9 because Respondents fail to show that vacatur is warranted. 24 CONCLUSION 25 For the reasons stated above, the Court DENIES Respondents’ motion to vacate and 26 CONFIRMS the arbitration award in favor of Petitioner. 27 This Order disposes of Docket Nos. 1 & 10. The Clerk may close the file. 1 Dated: June 11, 2020 2 ne JAQQUELINE SCOTT CORL 3 United States Magistrate Judge 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Z 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28