Miller v. Bureau of Revenue

599 P.2d 1049, 93 N.M. 252
CourtNew Mexico Court of Appeals
DecidedJanuary 11, 1979
DocketNo. 3323
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 599 P.2d 1049 (Miller v. Bureau of Revenue) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Mexico Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Miller v. Bureau of Revenue, 599 P.2d 1049, 93 N.M. 252 (N.M. Ct. App. 1979).

Opinions

OPINION

HERNANDEZ, Judge.

This is an appeal from the decision of the Commissioner of the Bureau of Revenue assessing gross receipts tax, penalty and interest on part of the income earned by appellant for the period from January 1, 1971, through December 31, 1976.

Most pertinent facts are set out m findings 6, 7, and 10, of the Commissioner’s decision and order:

“6. Certain prime contractors entered into construction contracts with the New Mexico Highway Department to build highways in New Mexico. Those prime contractors contacted, and entered into oral agreements with, the taxpayer, as a result of which the taxpayer, and drivers it designated, using trucks owned by the taxpayer, hauled a variety of construction materials. The prime contractors’ paid the taxpayer for these services.
7. The material hauled included hot asphalt, seal coat, and several kinds of base course material all of which are ultimately incorporated into the highways being constructed by the prime contractor. These materials generally are prepared and mixed at asphalt plants or mills where the material is loaded into the taxpayer’s trucks. Sometimes, the material is loaded at pits or crushers. The plants, mills or crushers are operated by third parties, presumably, the prime contractors. The plants and mills generally are located as close to the highway construction as feasible. The taxpayer then hauls the material to the highway being constructed where the taxpayer dumps the load into lay-down machines (spreaders) or boxes. In the case of hot mix asphalt the truck is backed up to and locked into the spreader. The load of asphalt is emptied into the spreader as the spreader moves forward, spreading and compacting the mix on the highway being constructed. During this time, the truck is being pushed by the spreader while the truck driver steers the truck. In the case of base course, the trucks dump the load into boxes — -apparently containers utilized by contractors when contractors spread the course material by bulldozers or scrapers on the highway. The trucks are also used in hauling rip-rap (rocks) and back-fill material.
10. All materials hauled are owned by third parties, generally the prime contractor; the taxpayer does not buy or sell the materials.”

It is the gross receipts tax on this income that is in question.

The appellant claims that this income is exempt from the gross receipts tax by reason of Section 72-16A-14.7A, N.M.S.A.1953 (Repl. Vol. 10, pt. 2, Supp.1975):

“Receipts from selling a construction service may be deducted from gross receipts if the sale is made to a person engaged in the construction business who delivers a nontaxable transaction certificate to the person performing the construction service.”

The key words are “construction service”, which are defined in the Gross Receipts and Compensating Tax Act §§ 72-16A-1 to 72-16A-19, N.M.S.A.1953 (Repl. Vol. 10, pt. 2, Supp.1975) as follows:

“C. ‘construction’ means building, altering, repairing or demolishing in the ordinary course of business any:
(1) road, highway, bridge, parking area or related project; . . . ” § 72-16A-3C, N.M.S.A.1953 (Repl. Vol. 10, pt. 2, Supp.1975).
“K. ‘service’ means all activities engaged in for other persons for a consideration, which activities involve primarily the performance of a service as distinguished from selling property. .
‘Service’ includes construction activities and all tangible personal property that will become an ingredient or component part of construction project. . . ” § 72-16A-3K, N.M.S.A.1953 (Repl. Vol. 10, pt. 2, Interim Supp.1976-77).

The Bureau of Revenue has issued several interpretive regulations of §§ 72-16A-14.7 and 72-16A-3C, supra. The first was issued in 1969 and provides in part:

G.R. REGULATION 3(C)-1—
CONSTRUCTION SERVICES AS DISTINGUISHED FROM OTHER SERVICES
“The term ‘construction’ is limited to the activities which are listed in § 72-16A-3(C) [sic]. ‘Construction’ does not include services that are only incidentally related to a construction project such as: hauling to the construction site, maintenance work, landscape upkeep, or the repair of equipment or appliances.
Example 1: T, a trucking company, contracts with R, a road construction company, to haul the necessary sand and gravel from an excavation site to the roadbed. T asks if it can deduct the receipts of its contract with R under § 72-16A-14.7, p. 77. Hauling sand and gravel from an excavation site to the construction site is not construction within the meaning of § 72-16A-3(C) [sic]. Therefore, T cannot deduct its receipts from the contract.”

The 1969 G.R. Regulations under § 72-16A-14.7 provide in part:

G.R. REGULATION 14.7-1—
SERVICES MUST BE PERFORMED DIRECTLY ON THE PROJECT OR IMMEDIATELY ADJACENT THERETO
“To be deductible under this section, the services must be performed directly on the project or immediately adjacent thereto. Indirect services, such as accounting costs, architectural plans, engineering services, drafting services, bid depositories, and plan rooms are not construction services coming within the definition of construction under § 72-16A— 3(C) [sic], p. 2.
Example 1: K is a surveying company that contracts with C, a contractor, to survey the site, set the stakes for the building, and give C the elevation reading. K incorrectly maintains that it is selling a construction service to C and that therefore the receipts are deductible. Surveying and related services are not included as construction under the definition of construction under § 72-16A-3(C) [sic], p. 2. Therefore, they are not construction services as defined under § 72-16A-14.7.”

The appellant alleges five points of error, the fourth of which is dispositive of this appeal, to-wit: “The decision of the Commissioner denying the exemption is contrary to the law of this state providing an exemption for construction services.” The law applicable to the decision of this matter is the following:

“A regulation adopted by an administrative agency creating an exemption not contemplated by the act or included within the exemption specified therein is void.” State v. Ashby, 73 N.M. 267, 271, 387 P.2d 588, 590 (1963).

The converse is also true. Rainbo Baking Co. of El Paso v. Commissioner of Rev., 84 N.M. 303, 502 P.2d 406 (Ct.App.1972).

“Statutes are to be given effect as written and, where free from ambiguity, there is no room for construction.” State v. Elliot, 89 N.M. 756, 767, 557 P.2d 1105, 1106 (1977).

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Bluebook (online)
599 P.2d 1049, 93 N.M. 252, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/miller-v-bureau-of-revenue-nmctapp-1979.