FIRST DIVISION BARNES, P. J., GOBEIL and PIPKIN, JJ.
NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be physically received in our clerk’s office within ten days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed. https://www.gaappeals.us/rules
DEADLINES ARE NO LONGER TOLLED IN THIS COURT. ALL FILINGS MUST BE SUBMITTED WITHIN THE TIMES SET BY OUR COURT RULES.
October 20, 2020
In the Court of Appeals of Georgia A20A1429. REDFORD v. THE STATE.
BARNES, Presiding Judge.
Mike Jethro Azubike Redford appeals pro se from the order of the trial court
finding that it did not have jurisdiction over Redford’s motion for an out-of-time
appeal and dismissing same. Upon our review, and for the reasons that follow, we
remand the case for further consideration consistent with this opinion.
In August 2016, following a jury trial, Redford was convicted of two counts
of aggravated stalking, and the trial court imposed a total sentence of 20 years in
prison. Redford filed a timely pro se notice of appeal. Nearly three years later, the
State moved to dismiss the appeal for failure to pay costs. Redford filed a “Motion
to Dismiss Notice of Appeal,” which the trial court granted on July 2, 2019.
Thereafter, Redford filed a “Motion to Reinstate Defendant’s Notice [of] Appeal,” asserting that the trial court misconstrued his earlier motion to reinstate his appeal,
which the trial court denied on August 26, 2019.
Redford filed a notice of appeal from that order to this Court on September 11,
2019.1 However, we dismissed Redford’s appeal as untimely on December 5, 2019,
and thereafter on December 10, 2019, he filed a petition for certiorari to the Supreme
Court. The Supreme Court denied the petition on July 15, 2020, and this Court issued
the remittitur back to the trial court on August 28, 2020.
Back in the trial court, on December 16. 2019 Redford filed a “Petition for Out
of Time Notice of Appeal,” which on January 29, 2020 the trial court dismissed upon
determining that it lacked jurisdiction. The trial court held that Redford’s motion was
an attempt to circumvent what Defendant precipitated by seeking, and obtaining, the dismissal of his notice of appeal. The Georgia Court of Appeal~ has affirmed this Court’s granting of Defendant’s motion when it found that Defendant’s appeal of that order was untimely. Any issue with the appellate court’s order must be addressed to them, not this Court. There is no further right of action in this Court. Defendant’s remedies are limited to habeas corpus, which must be filed in the county where he is incarcerated.
Redford appeals pro se from that order.
1 The appeal was docketed on November 14, 2019 as Case No A20A0755.
2 We first address the trial court’s determination that it lacked jurisdiction to
consider Redford’s motion for an out-of-time appeal based on this Court’s dismissal
of Redford’s appeal from the denial of his motion to reinstate his notice of appeal in
the earlier, separate appeal, A20A0755. We note that A20A0755 was dismissed by
this Court as untimely pursuant to OCGA § 5-6-38 (a) for failure to file a notice of
appeal within 30 days of the order appealed from. Any claimed basis for the grant of
an out-of-time appeal was not under consideration. Thus, this Court’s dismissal of
A20A0755 as untimely did not, by operation of law, divest the trial court of
jurisdiction over Redford’s ensuing motion for out-of-time appeal in the current
appeal. See generally Porter v. State, 308 Ga. App. 121, 122 (1) (706 SE2d 620)
(2011) (finding that trial court was not deprived of jurisdiction over motion for out-
of-time appeal when this Court “dismissed [earlier] appeal pursuant to Court of
Appeals Rule 23 (a) for failure to file a brief or enumerations of error . . . [and] basis
for the motion for out-of-time appeal was not under consideration.”)
However, this does not end our inquiry into the trial court’s jurisdiction. On
January 29, 2020, when the trial court entered the order dismissing Redford’s motion
for an out-of-time appeal, his petition for certiorari in A20A0755 was pending in the
3 Supreme Court of Georgia. The Supreme Court denied the petition, and the remittitur
from this Court was returned to the trial court on August 28, 2020.
“Generally a trial court may not alter a judgment or order while an appeal of
that particular judgment or order is pending before the appellate court, nor may a trial
court initiate proceedings that require a ruling on the exact matter being appealed.”
Roberts v. State, 279 Ga. App. 434 (1) (631 SE2d 480) (2006), overruled on other
grounds, DeSouza v. State, 285 Ga. App. 201, 202 n.2 (645 SE2d 684) (2007). See
Styles v. State, 245 Ga. App. 90, 92 (537 SE2d 377) (2000) (Blackburn, P. J.,
concurring specially) (explaining that the supersedeas resulting from an appeal in a
criminal case applies to all “proceedings which either require a ruling on the matters
on appeal or directly or indirectly affect such matters”). See also OCGA § 5-6-45 (a)
(“In all criminal cases, the notice of appeal . . . shall serve as supersedeas in all cases
where a sentence of death has been imposed or where the defendant is admitted to
bail.”); Chambers v. State, 262 Ga. 200, 202 (3) (415 SE2d 643) (1992) (the trial and
conviction of a defendant that take place while he appeals the denial of a motion to
suppress is null and void); Peterson v. State, 274 Ga. 165, 171 (6) (549 SE2d 387)
(2001) (trial court also cannot rule on a motion for new trial after the notice of appeal
has been filed).
4 However,
[n]ot every action by a trial court is barred during the pendency of an appeal. Rather the trial court cannot execute a sentence or entertain proceedings which either require a ruling on the matters on appeal or which directly or indirectly affect such matters. The loss of jurisdiction is limited only to those proceedings which either require a ruling on the matters on appeal or directly or indirectly affect such matter.
(Citations omitted.) Kenerly v. State, 325 Ga. App. 412, 413 (1) (750 SE2d 822)
(2013). See Moon v. State, 287 Ga. 304, 305 (696 SE2d 55) (2010) (pendency of
appeal from order granting motion to suppress did not prevent the trial court from
hearing a timely filed motion for reconsideration); Strickland v. State, 258 Ga. 764,
765-766 (1) (373 SE2d 736) (1988) (trial court retains the power to amend its order
denying a plea of former jeopardy, nunc pro tunc, to find the plea dilatory and
frivolous).
“The . . . issue, therefore, is whether the [filing of the motion for out-of-time
appeal] . . . required the trial court to issue a ruling on the exact matter being
considered in the [f]irst [a]ppeal [,the motion to reinstate appeal], or whether it
directly or indirectly affected such matters.” Brown v. State, 322 Ga. App. 446, 449
5 (1) (745 SE2d 699) (2013). Given the circumstances of this case, we conclude that
it does.
A request for an out-of-time appeal typically is grounded on a claim that the
right to a direct appeal was frustrated by errors committed by trial or appellate
counsel. Wetherington v. State, 296 Ga. 451, 453 (1) (769 SE2d 53) (2015). However,
the fact that the defendant represented himself before the trial court does not
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FIRST DIVISION BARNES, P. J., GOBEIL and PIPKIN, JJ.
NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be physically received in our clerk’s office within ten days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed. https://www.gaappeals.us/rules
DEADLINES ARE NO LONGER TOLLED IN THIS COURT. ALL FILINGS MUST BE SUBMITTED WITHIN THE TIMES SET BY OUR COURT RULES.
October 20, 2020
In the Court of Appeals of Georgia A20A1429. REDFORD v. THE STATE.
BARNES, Presiding Judge.
Mike Jethro Azubike Redford appeals pro se from the order of the trial court
finding that it did not have jurisdiction over Redford’s motion for an out-of-time
appeal and dismissing same. Upon our review, and for the reasons that follow, we
remand the case for further consideration consistent with this opinion.
In August 2016, following a jury trial, Redford was convicted of two counts
of aggravated stalking, and the trial court imposed a total sentence of 20 years in
prison. Redford filed a timely pro se notice of appeal. Nearly three years later, the
State moved to dismiss the appeal for failure to pay costs. Redford filed a “Motion
to Dismiss Notice of Appeal,” which the trial court granted on July 2, 2019.
Thereafter, Redford filed a “Motion to Reinstate Defendant’s Notice [of] Appeal,” asserting that the trial court misconstrued his earlier motion to reinstate his appeal,
which the trial court denied on August 26, 2019.
Redford filed a notice of appeal from that order to this Court on September 11,
2019.1 However, we dismissed Redford’s appeal as untimely on December 5, 2019,
and thereafter on December 10, 2019, he filed a petition for certiorari to the Supreme
Court. The Supreme Court denied the petition on July 15, 2020, and this Court issued
the remittitur back to the trial court on August 28, 2020.
Back in the trial court, on December 16. 2019 Redford filed a “Petition for Out
of Time Notice of Appeal,” which on January 29, 2020 the trial court dismissed upon
determining that it lacked jurisdiction. The trial court held that Redford’s motion was
an attempt to circumvent what Defendant precipitated by seeking, and obtaining, the dismissal of his notice of appeal. The Georgia Court of Appeal~ has affirmed this Court’s granting of Defendant’s motion when it found that Defendant’s appeal of that order was untimely. Any issue with the appellate court’s order must be addressed to them, not this Court. There is no further right of action in this Court. Defendant’s remedies are limited to habeas corpus, which must be filed in the county where he is incarcerated.
Redford appeals pro se from that order.
1 The appeal was docketed on November 14, 2019 as Case No A20A0755.
2 We first address the trial court’s determination that it lacked jurisdiction to
consider Redford’s motion for an out-of-time appeal based on this Court’s dismissal
of Redford’s appeal from the denial of his motion to reinstate his notice of appeal in
the earlier, separate appeal, A20A0755. We note that A20A0755 was dismissed by
this Court as untimely pursuant to OCGA § 5-6-38 (a) for failure to file a notice of
appeal within 30 days of the order appealed from. Any claimed basis for the grant of
an out-of-time appeal was not under consideration. Thus, this Court’s dismissal of
A20A0755 as untimely did not, by operation of law, divest the trial court of
jurisdiction over Redford’s ensuing motion for out-of-time appeal in the current
appeal. See generally Porter v. State, 308 Ga. App. 121, 122 (1) (706 SE2d 620)
(2011) (finding that trial court was not deprived of jurisdiction over motion for out-
of-time appeal when this Court “dismissed [earlier] appeal pursuant to Court of
Appeals Rule 23 (a) for failure to file a brief or enumerations of error . . . [and] basis
for the motion for out-of-time appeal was not under consideration.”)
However, this does not end our inquiry into the trial court’s jurisdiction. On
January 29, 2020, when the trial court entered the order dismissing Redford’s motion
for an out-of-time appeal, his petition for certiorari in A20A0755 was pending in the
3 Supreme Court of Georgia. The Supreme Court denied the petition, and the remittitur
from this Court was returned to the trial court on August 28, 2020.
“Generally a trial court may not alter a judgment or order while an appeal of
that particular judgment or order is pending before the appellate court, nor may a trial
court initiate proceedings that require a ruling on the exact matter being appealed.”
Roberts v. State, 279 Ga. App. 434 (1) (631 SE2d 480) (2006), overruled on other
grounds, DeSouza v. State, 285 Ga. App. 201, 202 n.2 (645 SE2d 684) (2007). See
Styles v. State, 245 Ga. App. 90, 92 (537 SE2d 377) (2000) (Blackburn, P. J.,
concurring specially) (explaining that the supersedeas resulting from an appeal in a
criminal case applies to all “proceedings which either require a ruling on the matters
on appeal or directly or indirectly affect such matters”). See also OCGA § 5-6-45 (a)
(“In all criminal cases, the notice of appeal . . . shall serve as supersedeas in all cases
where a sentence of death has been imposed or where the defendant is admitted to
bail.”); Chambers v. State, 262 Ga. 200, 202 (3) (415 SE2d 643) (1992) (the trial and
conviction of a defendant that take place while he appeals the denial of a motion to
suppress is null and void); Peterson v. State, 274 Ga. 165, 171 (6) (549 SE2d 387)
(2001) (trial court also cannot rule on a motion for new trial after the notice of appeal
has been filed).
4 However,
[n]ot every action by a trial court is barred during the pendency of an appeal. Rather the trial court cannot execute a sentence or entertain proceedings which either require a ruling on the matters on appeal or which directly or indirectly affect such matters. The loss of jurisdiction is limited only to those proceedings which either require a ruling on the matters on appeal or directly or indirectly affect such matter.
(Citations omitted.) Kenerly v. State, 325 Ga. App. 412, 413 (1) (750 SE2d 822)
(2013). See Moon v. State, 287 Ga. 304, 305 (696 SE2d 55) (2010) (pendency of
appeal from order granting motion to suppress did not prevent the trial court from
hearing a timely filed motion for reconsideration); Strickland v. State, 258 Ga. 764,
765-766 (1) (373 SE2d 736) (1988) (trial court retains the power to amend its order
denying a plea of former jeopardy, nunc pro tunc, to find the plea dilatory and
frivolous).
“The . . . issue, therefore, is whether the [filing of the motion for out-of-time
appeal] . . . required the trial court to issue a ruling on the exact matter being
considered in the [f]irst [a]ppeal [,the motion to reinstate appeal], or whether it
directly or indirectly affected such matters.” Brown v. State, 322 Ga. App. 446, 449
5 (1) (745 SE2d 699) (2013). Given the circumstances of this case, we conclude that
it does.
A request for an out-of-time appeal typically is grounded on a claim that the
right to a direct appeal was frustrated by errors committed by trial or appellate
counsel. Wetherington v. State, 296 Ga. 451, 453 (1) (769 SE2d 53) (2015). However,
the fact that the defendant represented himself before the trial court does not
necessarily foreclose an out-of-time appeal. See generally Whitfield v. State, 313 Ga.
App. 297, 299-301 (1) (721 SE2d 211) (2011). Despite prior appeals arising out of
his prosecution, it does not appear that Redford has had a direct appeal from the
judgment of conviction in this case.2 Consequently, the trial court’s ruling on
Redford’s motion for an out-of-time appeal would require a ruling on whether
Redford’s right to a direct appeal had previously been lost, and thus would involve
a ruling on a matter at issue in the first appeal. See Rowland v. State, 264 Ga. 872,
872 (1) (452 SE2d 756) (1995) (“The proper and timely filing of the notice of appeal
is an absolute requirement to confer jurisdiction upon the appellate court. OCGA §
5-6-38 (a) requires that a notice of appeal be filed within 30 days after entry of the
2 Redford’s appeals in this Court include, Redford v. State, Case No. A20A0755 (December 5, 2019), Redford v. Castlen, Case No. A20A1252 (February 19, 2020), and Redford v. State, 335 Ga. App. 682 (782 SE2d 791) (2016).
6 judgment complained of, or within 30 days after the entry of the order finally
disposing of a motion for new trial. The failure to file timely a notice of appeal
subjects the appeals at bar to dismissal.”) (citation, punctuation and emphasis
omitted.)
Accordingly, the trial court’s order is vacated, and given that remittitur has
been returned to the trial court, jurisdiction now lies in that court and the case is
remanded with direction for the trial court to conduct further proceedings consistent
with this opinion. See Chambers v. State, 262 Ga. at 245 (1) (“upon subsequent filing
of the remittitur in the office of the clerk of the superior court, the court would
reacquire jurisdiction of the case”).
Judgment vacated and case remanded. Gobeil and Pipkin, JJ., concur.