Michael Todd Gregg v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.)

• Court: Indiana Court of Appeals
• Decided: January 24, 2018
• Docket: 48A02-1706-CR-1444
• Status: Published

Opinion

MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Jan 24 2018, 6:48 am court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE John T. Wilson Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Anderson, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana

Ian McLean Supervising Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Michael Todd Gregg, January 24, 2018 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 48A02-1706-CR-1444 v. Appeal from the Madison Circuit Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Thomas Newman, Appellee-Plaintiff Jr., Judge Trial Court Cause Nos. 48C03-1110-FB-1864, 48C03-1205- FD-825, 48C03-1110-FC-1948, & 48C03-1102-FD-261

Altice, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1706-CR-1444 | January 24, 2018 Page 1 of 8 Case Summary

[1] Michael Todd Gregg appeals the revocation of his probation under four

separate causes, resulting in him being returned to the Department of

Correction (DOC) to serve a substantial aggregate sentence. On appeal, Gregg

argues that the trial court abused its discretion by admitting hearsay evidence at

the probation hearing and by ordering him to serve the remainder of his

previously suspended sentences in the DOC.

[2] We affirm.

Facts & Procedural History

[3] On October 27, 2011, the State charged Gregg with Class B felony dealing in

methamphetamine, Class A misdemeanor resisting law enforcement, and Class

A misdemeanor possession of marijuana in Cause 48C03-1110-FB-1864 (FB-

1864). Gregg was found guilty as charged by a jury and sentenced, on April 16,

2012, to an aggregate term of twenty years in the DOC.

[4] Thereafter, on June 11, 2012, Gregg entered into a plea agreement with the

State to resolve pending charges in three other causes. Gregg pled guilty as

follows: Class D felony receiving stolen property in Cause 48C03-1205-FD-825

(FD-825); Class D felony nonsupport of a dependent child in Cause 48C03-

1110-FC-1948 (FC-1948); and Class A misdemeanor resisting law enforcement

in Cause 48C03-1102-FD-261 (FD-261). That same day, the trial court

sentenced Gregg to one year in the Madison County Jail, with six months on

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1706-CR-1444 | January 24, 2018 Page 2 of 8 work release and six months on in-home detention, under FD-261. Under FC-

1948 and FD-825, Gregg received a three-year suspended sentence to the

Madison County Jail and a three-year sentence to the DOC suspended to

probation, respectively. The sentences for all three causes were ordered to be

served consecutive to the twenty-year sentence imposed under FB-1864.

Additionally, the sentence under FC-1948 was ordered to be served consecutive

to the FD-261 and FD-825 sentences.

[5] In July 2015, Gregg sought modification of his sentence under FB-1864. The

trial court held a modification hearing and on August 31, 2015, ordered Gregg

released from the DOC and placed on in-home detention for six months.

Gregg successfully completed three months of electronic monitoring on

December 24, 2015. Following another modification hearing on January 25,

2016, the trial court placed Gregg on formal probation for the remainder of his

sentence under FB-1864.

[6] Gregg was arrested on February 9, 2017, and the State filed notices of probation

violations in all four causes the following day. The State alleged, among other

things, that Gregg had failed to keep probation informed of his address and had

used illicit drugs. The notices were later amended to include an allegation that

Gregg had failed to obey the law and behave well in society, noting the filing of

new criminal offenses related to dealing methamphetamine.

[7] The trial court held an evidentiary hearing with respect to the alleged violations

on May 22, 2017. Tim Buck, Gregg’s probation officer, testified without

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1706-CR-1444 | January 24, 2018 Page 3 of 8 objection that the probation department conducted a home visit on December

28, 2016, and learned from the homeowner that Gregg had not resided there for

at least two weeks. Buck also testified that Gregg submitted to a drug screen on

February 9, 2017, and tested positive for methamphetamine and cocaine “on

the stick test.” Transcript at 21. A urine sample was sent to the Witham

Laboratory for analysis. Over Gregg’s hearsay objection, the laboratory results

indicating that Gregg tested positive for methamphetamine were admitted into

evidence through State’s Exhibit 1.

[8] The bulk of the State’s evidence presented at the hearing came through the

testimony of three detectives with the Madison County Drug Task Force (Task

Force). Detective Michael Anderson with the Task Force testified in detail

regarding a controlled buy that involved Gregg as the target. On January 31,

2017, Gregg sold 1.6 grams of crystal methamphetamine to a confidential

informant for $150.

[9] In addition to the controlled buy, Detectives Keith Gaskill and Matthew

Guthrie testified regarding a search warrant obtained and executed on February

16, 2017, at Ryan Roads’s apartment. Gregg had been incarcerated for a week

at this point, but the Task Force’s continued investigation indicated that Roads

was holding a substantial amount of methamphetamine and other property for

Gregg, as well as driving Gregg’s vehicle. Upon executing the search warrant,

the Task Force found a safe in the kitchen. The safe contained plastic baggies,

a digital scale, crack cocaine, and about 20 grams of crystal methamphetamine.

Comingled with this contraband were Gregg’s work identification card with his

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1706-CR-1444 | January 24, 2018 Page 4 of 8 photograph and a bill of sale for an automobile signed by Gregg and dated

February 1, 2017, along with other personal property. Roads and his live-in

girlfriend provided consistent statements to police regarding Gregg’s property.

Roads also eventually admitted that he had secreted a significant amount of

Gregg’s methamphetamine in a vehicle parked just outside the city. A search of

the vehicle uncovered more than 200 grams of crystal methamphetamine.

[10] At the conclusion of the evidence, the trial court determined that Gregg had

violated the terms of his probation by failing to keep probation advised of his

current address, failing to abstain from the use of illegal drugs, and committing

a new criminal offense. After hearing evidence regarding disposition of the

probation violations, the trial court revoked each of Gregg’s suspended

sentences and returned him to the DOC to serve the remainder of his twenty-

six-year aggregate sentence.

Discussion & Decision

Hearsay

[11] In a disjointed argument, Gregg contends that the trial court improperly

admitted hearsay evidence at the probation hearing in violation of his

confrontation rights. Specifically, he argues that State’s Exhibit 1 – the

laboratory report/urinalysis from Witham – should not have been admitted.1

1 Gregg also complains that Buck was permitted to testify to information obtained from another probation officer indicating that Gregg was not residing at his reported residence at the end of December 2016.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1706-CR-1444 | January 24, 2018 Page 5 of 8 [12] We remind Gregg of the well-established law that the Sixth Amendment of the

United States Constitution does not apply to probation revocation proceedings,

which are not criminal trials.2 See e.g., Smith v. State, 971 N.E.2d 86, 89 (Ind.

2012). Rather, a probationer’s right to confrontation arises from general due

process principles, and the right is satisfied where the hearsay evidence is

“substantially trustworthy.” Id. at 90.

[13] Because any error in the admission of State’s Exhibit 1 was harmless, we need

not determine whether this challenged evidence met the substantial

trustworthiness test. “Proof of any one violation is sufficient to revoke a

defendant’s probation.” Figures v. State, 920 N.E.2d 267, 273 (Ind. Ct. App.

2010). Here, the bulk of the evidence presented by the State addressed Gregg’s

dealing in methamphetamine while on probation for dealing in

methamphetamine. The State established that Gregg sold 1.6 grams of

methamphetamine to a confidential informant and had access to a substantial

additional amount of methamphetamine, which he had an associate hold while

he was in jail. Gregg does not challenge this evidence, which alone supported

the revocation of probation. We can say with confidence that the trial court

would have imposed the same sanction had it considered only this most-serious

However, Gregg did not object to this evidence below on hearsay grounds – or any other grounds for that matter – so he may not be heard to complain on appeal. See McQueen v. State, 862 N.E.2d 1237, 1241 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007) (failure to object to hearsay evidence admitted at probation hearing waives the issue for appellate review). 2 Article 1, section 13(a) of the Indiana Constitution, similarly, applies to “criminal prosecutions”, which this is not.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1706-CR-1444 | January 24, 2018 Page 6 of 8 violation. See id. (“trial court did nothing to indicate it would have reached a

different decision had it considered only the two unchallenged violations”).

Sanction

[14] Next, Gregg contends that the trial court abused its discretion when it ordered

execution of the remainder of his aggregate twenty-six year sentence. He

asserts that an alternative to incarceration, such as community corrections,

should have been considered.

[15] We review a trial court’s sentencing decision in a probation revocation

proceeding for an abuse of discretion. Jones v. State, 838 N.E.2d 1146, 1148

(Ind. Ct. App. 2005). An abuse of discretion occurs if the decision is against the

logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before the court. Prewitt v. State,

878 N.E.2d 184, 188 (Ind. 2007). Moreover, “[o]nce a trial court has exercised

its grace by ordering probation rather than incarceration, the judge should have

considerable leeway in deciding how to proceed.” Id. “If the court finds the

defendant has violated a condition of his probation at any time before the

termination of the probationary period, and the petition to revoke is filed within

the probationary period, then the court may order execution of the sentence

that had been suspended.” Gosha v. State, 873 N.E.2d 660, 664 (Ind. Ct. App.

2007); see also Ind. Code § 35-38-2-3(h).

[16] The trial court granted great leniency to Gregg when it modified his sentence

under FB-1864 and released him early to home detention and then probation.

Gregg squandered that opportunity and within a year returned to dealing drugs.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1706-CR-1444 | January 24, 2018 Page 7 of 8 Notwithstanding the fact that the trial court had other options besides ordering

full execution of Gregg’s sentences, we cannot say that the trial court acted

outside its discretion when it ordered him to serve the remainder of his

[17] Judgment affirmed.

May, J. and Vaidik, C.J., concur.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1706-CR-1444 | January 24, 2018 Page 8 of 8