MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Dec 29 2017, 9:29 am
court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals and Tax Court estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Kevin McShane Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Indianapolis, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana Henry A. Flores, Jr. Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Michael Riggle, December 29, 2017 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 49A02-1704-CR-787 v. Appeal from the Marion Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Sheila Carlisle, Appellee-Plaintiff. Judge Trial Court Cause No. 49G03-1604-F1-14204
Robb, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1704-CR-787 | December 29, 2017 Page 1 of 6 Case Summary and Issue [1] Following a jury trial, Michael Riggle was convicted of three counts of child
molesting, all Level 1 felonies, and was sentenced to sixty years in the Indiana
Department of Correction. Riggle appeals, raising one issue for our review:
whether the State presented sufficient evidence to support his conviction for
Count III of child molesting. Concluding the evidence was sufficient, we
affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [2] Riggle was born on September 28, 1980. His daughter, G.R. was born on July
3, 2003. When G.R. was seven or eight years old, Riggle began forcing G.R. to
perform oral sex on him. This occurred on numerous occasions and continued
after they moved to a new house in 2013.
[3] In January of 2016, when G.R. was twelve years old, Riggle began penetrating
her with his penis. This occurred on several occasions in different rooms in the
house. The last time was on April 9, 2016, just prior to Riggle attending a
friend’s wedding. Shortly after that date, G.R.’s teacher, who had previously
been approached by a classmate’s mother about concerns for G.R., noticed
G.R. was crying and visibly upset after lunch. The teacher sent G.R. to talk
with the school principal, who filed a report with the Department of Child
Services (“DCS”) based on their discussion. A DCS family case manager went
to G.R.’s house, where Riggins angrily refused to allow the case manager into
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1704-CR-787 | December 29, 2017 Page 2 of 6 the home. After the police, who had accompanied the family case manager,
spoke with Riggins, Riggins gave permission for the family case manager to
speak with G.R. Based on disclosures made by G.R., the family case manager
took her, her sister, and her step-sisters to the DCS office for a formal interview.
During the interview with a forensic child interviewer, G.R. made a disclosure
that was forwarded to the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department.
[4] Based on that disclosure and the ensuing investigation which included a
forensic medical examination, the State charged Riggle with three counts of
Level 1 felony child molesting. Count III alleged Riggle, being at least twenty-
one years of age, “did perform or submit to other sexual conduct” with G.R., a
child under the age of fourteen between July 3, 2015 and April 8, 2016. 1 A jury
found Riggle guilty as charged and the trial court sentenced him to thirty years
on each count, with the sentences on Counts I and II to be concurrent, and the
sentence on Count III to be consecutive, for a total sentence of sixty years.
Riggle now appeals only his conviction of Count III.
Discussion and Decision
1 Count I alleged that “[o]n or about April 9, 2016, [Riggle], a person at least twenty-one (21) years of age, did perform or submit to sexual intercourse with G.R., a child under the age of fourteen years . . . .” Appellant’s Appendix, Volume 2 at 2. Count II alleged that “[o]n or about or between January 1, 2016 and April 8, 2016, [Riggle], a person at least twenty-one (21) years of age, did perform or submit to sexual intercourse with G.R., a child under the age of fourteen years . . . .” Id. Riggle does not challenge his convictions on those counts.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1704-CR-787 | December 29, 2017 Page 3 of 6 I. Standard of Review [5] Riggle contends the evidence was insufficient to prove that he knowingly or
intentionally performed or submitted to other sexual conduct with G.R.
between July 3, 2015 and April 8, 2016.
[6] In reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, we neither reweigh
the evidence nor judge the credibility of the witnesses; instead considering only
the evidence most favorable to the judgment and reasonable inferences
therefrom. Pugh v. State, 52 N.E.3d 955, 966 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016), trans. denied.
“We will affirm the conviction if there is probative evidence from which a
reasonable jury could have found the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable
doubt.” Dillard v. State, 755 N.E.2d 1085, 1089 (Ind. 2001). In other words, we
will only reverse for insufficiency of the evidence if “no reasonable factfinder
could find the defendant guilty.” Griffith v. State, 59 N.E.3d 947, 958 (Ind.
2016).
II. Count III [7] It is clear from the evidence that the “other sexual conduct” alleged in Count III
is oral sex; G.R. testified that Riggle placed his penis in her mouth. See Ind.
Code § 35-31.5-2-221.5 (defining “other sexual conduct” to mean, among other
things, an act involving a sex organ of one person and the mouth of another).
Riggle concedes such conduct is prohibited and he does not specifically argue
that the conduct did not occur. Instead, he argues the evidence is insufficient to
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1704-CR-787 | December 29, 2017 Page 4 of 6 establish that the “other sexual conduct” occurred within the time frame alleged
by the State.
[8] G.R. testified that before Riggle began having sexual intercourse with her, he
would put his penis in her mouth. She testified that conduct began when she
was seven or eight, and although she could not remember the last time it
occurred, she knew it happened more than once when they lived in a house on
Rybolt Street. See Transcript, Volume 2 at 238. Riggle’s wife and G.R.’s
stepmom, Dorothy, testified the family lived in the house on Rybolt Street for
almost three years, so they moved to that house in “maybe 2013.” Tr., Vol. 3 at
20. Riggle therefore argues that “the last act of oral sex described by [G.R.]
could have been as much as two (2) years-plus, before the earliest date of the
offense – July 3, 2015, charged in the Information. It is therefore just as likely
that the last act occurred before July 3, 2015, as on or after that date.” Brief of
Appellant at 12.
[9] As Riggle alleges, the date of the offense covered by Count III is not clear from
the testimony. Indiana Code section 35-34-1-2(a)(5) requires an information to
state the date of the offense with sufficient particularity to show that the offense
was committed within the applicable statute of limitations. Here, the statutory
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MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Dec 29 2017, 9:29 am
court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals and Tax Court estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Kevin McShane Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Indianapolis, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana Henry A. Flores, Jr. Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Michael Riggle, December 29, 2017 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 49A02-1704-CR-787 v. Appeal from the Marion Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Sheila Carlisle, Appellee-Plaintiff. Judge Trial Court Cause No. 49G03-1604-F1-14204
Robb, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1704-CR-787 | December 29, 2017 Page 1 of 6 Case Summary and Issue [1] Following a jury trial, Michael Riggle was convicted of three counts of child
molesting, all Level 1 felonies, and was sentenced to sixty years in the Indiana
Department of Correction. Riggle appeals, raising one issue for our review:
whether the State presented sufficient evidence to support his conviction for
Count III of child molesting. Concluding the evidence was sufficient, we
affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [2] Riggle was born on September 28, 1980. His daughter, G.R. was born on July
3, 2003. When G.R. was seven or eight years old, Riggle began forcing G.R. to
perform oral sex on him. This occurred on numerous occasions and continued
after they moved to a new house in 2013.
[3] In January of 2016, when G.R. was twelve years old, Riggle began penetrating
her with his penis. This occurred on several occasions in different rooms in the
house. The last time was on April 9, 2016, just prior to Riggle attending a
friend’s wedding. Shortly after that date, G.R.’s teacher, who had previously
been approached by a classmate’s mother about concerns for G.R., noticed
G.R. was crying and visibly upset after lunch. The teacher sent G.R. to talk
with the school principal, who filed a report with the Department of Child
Services (“DCS”) based on their discussion. A DCS family case manager went
to G.R.’s house, where Riggins angrily refused to allow the case manager into
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1704-CR-787 | December 29, 2017 Page 2 of 6 the home. After the police, who had accompanied the family case manager,
spoke with Riggins, Riggins gave permission for the family case manager to
speak with G.R. Based on disclosures made by G.R., the family case manager
took her, her sister, and her step-sisters to the DCS office for a formal interview.
During the interview with a forensic child interviewer, G.R. made a disclosure
that was forwarded to the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department.
[4] Based on that disclosure and the ensuing investigation which included a
forensic medical examination, the State charged Riggle with three counts of
Level 1 felony child molesting. Count III alleged Riggle, being at least twenty-
one years of age, “did perform or submit to other sexual conduct” with G.R., a
child under the age of fourteen between July 3, 2015 and April 8, 2016. 1 A jury
found Riggle guilty as charged and the trial court sentenced him to thirty years
on each count, with the sentences on Counts I and II to be concurrent, and the
sentence on Count III to be consecutive, for a total sentence of sixty years.
Riggle now appeals only his conviction of Count III.
Discussion and Decision
1 Count I alleged that “[o]n or about April 9, 2016, [Riggle], a person at least twenty-one (21) years of age, did perform or submit to sexual intercourse with G.R., a child under the age of fourteen years . . . .” Appellant’s Appendix, Volume 2 at 2. Count II alleged that “[o]n or about or between January 1, 2016 and April 8, 2016, [Riggle], a person at least twenty-one (21) years of age, did perform or submit to sexual intercourse with G.R., a child under the age of fourteen years . . . .” Id. Riggle does not challenge his convictions on those counts.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1704-CR-787 | December 29, 2017 Page 3 of 6 I. Standard of Review [5] Riggle contends the evidence was insufficient to prove that he knowingly or
intentionally performed or submitted to other sexual conduct with G.R.
between July 3, 2015 and April 8, 2016.
[6] In reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, we neither reweigh
the evidence nor judge the credibility of the witnesses; instead considering only
the evidence most favorable to the judgment and reasonable inferences
therefrom. Pugh v. State, 52 N.E.3d 955, 966 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016), trans. denied.
“We will affirm the conviction if there is probative evidence from which a
reasonable jury could have found the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable
doubt.” Dillard v. State, 755 N.E.2d 1085, 1089 (Ind. 2001). In other words, we
will only reverse for insufficiency of the evidence if “no reasonable factfinder
could find the defendant guilty.” Griffith v. State, 59 N.E.3d 947, 958 (Ind.
2016).
II. Count III [7] It is clear from the evidence that the “other sexual conduct” alleged in Count III
is oral sex; G.R. testified that Riggle placed his penis in her mouth. See Ind.
Code § 35-31.5-2-221.5 (defining “other sexual conduct” to mean, among other
things, an act involving a sex organ of one person and the mouth of another).
Riggle concedes such conduct is prohibited and he does not specifically argue
that the conduct did not occur. Instead, he argues the evidence is insufficient to
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1704-CR-787 | December 29, 2017 Page 4 of 6 establish that the “other sexual conduct” occurred within the time frame alleged
by the State.
[8] G.R. testified that before Riggle began having sexual intercourse with her, he
would put his penis in her mouth. She testified that conduct began when she
was seven or eight, and although she could not remember the last time it
occurred, she knew it happened more than once when they lived in a house on
Rybolt Street. See Transcript, Volume 2 at 238. Riggle’s wife and G.R.’s
stepmom, Dorothy, testified the family lived in the house on Rybolt Street for
almost three years, so they moved to that house in “maybe 2013.” Tr., Vol. 3 at
20. Riggle therefore argues that “the last act of oral sex described by [G.R.]
could have been as much as two (2) years-plus, before the earliest date of the
offense – July 3, 2015, charged in the Information. It is therefore just as likely
that the last act occurred before July 3, 2015, as on or after that date.” Brief of
Appellant at 12.
[9] As Riggle alleges, the date of the offense covered by Count III is not clear from
the testimony. Indiana Code section 35-34-1-2(a)(5) requires an information to
state the date of the offense with sufficient particularity to show that the offense
was committed within the applicable statute of limitations. Here, the statutory
period of limitations is not an issue – a prosecution for a Level 1 felony can
initiated at any time. Ind. Code § 35-41-4-2(c). And Indiana Code section 35-
34-1-2(a)(6) requires the information to state the time of the offense as definitely
as possible if time is of the essence. However, as the State points out, time is
generally not of the essence in child molesting cases. Love v. State, 761 N.E.2d
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1704-CR-787 | December 29, 2017 Page 5 of 6 806, 809 (Ind. 2002). The exact date in child molesting cases is important only
in limited circumstances, such as where the victim’s age affects the class of
charge. Barger v. State, 587 N.E.2d 1304, 1307 (Ind. 1992). The important age
for determining classes of felonies in child molesting cases is fourteen. Compare
Ind. Code § 35-42-4-3 (defining child molesting as occurring with a child under
the age of fourteen years) and Ind. Code § 35-42-4-9 (defining sexual
misconduct with a minor as occurring with a child at least fourteen years of
age). G.R. testified that she was six or seven when the molestation began and
she was only thirteen at the time of trial. Therefore, the precise date of the
offense is not of the essence and is not a material element of the crime.
[10] The State proved that acts of “other sexual conduct” occurred when G.R. was
well under the age of fourteen. Given that time is not of the essence in child
molesting cases except in limited circumstances not applicable here, we do not
find the evidence to be insufficient due to failure to prove the acts occurred
during the specific dates alleged in the information.
Conclusion [11] The State proved by sufficient evidence that Riggle performed “other sexual
conduct” with G.R. prior to her fourteenth birthday. His conviction for Count
III of child molesting is therefore affirmed.
[12] Affirmed.
Crone, J., and Bradford, J., concur. Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1704-CR-787 | December 29, 2017 Page 6 of 6