Michael D. Cundiff v. State of Indiana

66 N.E.3d 956, 2016 Ind. App. LEXIS 459, 2016 WL 7398749
CourtIndiana Court of Appeals
DecidedDecember 21, 2016
Docket15A05-1508-MI-1214
StatusPublished

This text of 66 N.E.3d 956 (Michael D. Cundiff v. State of Indiana) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Indiana Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Michael D. Cundiff v. State of Indiana, 66 N.E.3d 956, 2016 Ind. App. LEXIS 459, 2016 WL 7398749 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016).

Opinion

SHEPARD, Senior Judge.

[1] Appellant Michael D. Cundiff appeals the denial of his petition for relief from his lifetime sex offender registration requirement. We conclude that Cundiff is required to register, but that residence restrictions enacted after his conviction do not apply to him.

Facts and Procedural History

[2] Cundiff was charged in October 2003 with child exploitation by possession of child pornography, a Class D felony, 1 and child exploitation by dissemination or exhibition of child pornography, a Class C felony. 2 In March 2004, pursuant to a plea agreement, Cundiff pleaded guilty to the Class C charge, and the State dismissed the D felony. In accordance with the plea agreement, the court sentenced Cundiff in May 2004 to eight years, with six years suspended to probation.

[3] On October 21, 2004, Cundiff was released from incarceration. In August 2005, the State petitioned to revoke Cun-diffs probation alleging he had possessed pornographic material. Cundiff admitted the violation, and the court extended his probation for one year, to October 21, 2011.

[4] In February 2009, Cundiff petitioned to be reclassified from lifetime sex offender registration to ten-year registration. Following two hearings, Cundiffs petition was denied in September 2009. Cundiff did not appeal.

[5] Subsequently, Cundiff again sought relief from application of the Indiana Sex Offender Registration Act (SORA) in July 2014 under a new cause number, initiating the present case. In September 2014, the trial judge recused, and the clerk appointed a special judge. Cundiff moved to vacate that appointment, but his motion was denied. Following a hearing, the court granted Cundiffs petition for relief in January 2015.

[6] In July 2015, the court granted the State’s motion to correct error and denied Cundiffs petition. This appeal ensued.

Issues

[7] Cundiff presents two issues:

I. A threshold question: whether the court erred by denying his request to vacate the appointment of the special judge.
II. Whether the court erred by denying his petition for relief from SORA.

Discussion and Decision

I. Appointment of Special Judge

[8] To initiate this case, Cundiff filed a petition pursuant to Indiana Code section 11-8-8-22 (2013) in the Dearborn Superior Court. Judge Cleary of that court recused due to his participation as a deputy prosecutor in Cundiffs prior case and directed appointment of a special judge pursuant to Indiana Criminal Rule 12(B) and Focal Rule 15-AR 7D. The Clerk then appointed Judge Humphrey of the Dear-born Circuit Court.

[9] Judge Humphrey set Cundiffs petition for hearing on October 31, 2014. Pri- or to the start of the hearing, Cundiff objected to Judge Humphrey’s appoint *958 ment because it was based upon state and local rules of criminal procedure rather than the rules of civil procedure. Judge Humphrey took the objection under advisement and later denied Cundiffs request. On appeal, Cundiff claims the trial court erred in following the special judge selection process as set forth in the rules of criminal procedure.

[10] Cundiffs burden as the appellant is to demonstrate that the probable impact of the trial court’s alleged error in appointing a special judge affected his substantial rights. See Ind. Appellate Rule 66(A). Cundiff has not met this burden, for he failed to allege any deprivation of a substantial right. Indiana Code section 11-8-8—22(d) authorizes filing a petition in the circuit or superior court of the county in which the offender resides. Dearborn County’s Local Rule 15-AR 8A, which Cundiff cites in his brief, makes the judge of the Dearborn Circuit Court eligible for appointment as special judge in civil actions, just as he is in criminal actions. Thus, we conclude that error, if any, was harmless.

II. SORA Petition

[11] We thus turn to Cundiffs claim that the trial court wrongly denied his petition for relief from his lifetime sex offender registration requirement.

[12]We review the trial court’s decision for an abuse of discretion. See Ind. Code § ll-8-8-22(g); Lucas v. McDonald, 954 N.E.2d 996 (Ind.Ct.App.2011) (trial court’s denial of petition for relief under Indiana Code section 11-8-8-22 is reviewed for abuse of discretion). An abuse of discretion occurs when the trial court’s decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and inferences supporting the petition for relief. Lucas, 954 N.E.2d 996.

[13] Cundiff first argues that he “was not required to register for life until after Ind.Code § 11—8—[8]—19(c) was enacted” in 2006 and that, pursuant to our Supreme Court’s decision in Gonzalez v. State, 980 N.E.2d 312 (Ind.2013), 3 this retroactive imposition of a lifetime registration period violates both the federal and the state prohibitions against ex post facto laws. Appellant's Br. p. 13.

[14] Effective January 1, 2003, a defendant eighteen years or older who is convicted of child exploitation of a child less than twelve years old is required to register as a sex offender for life. 4 The statute requiring registration for life for Cundiffs offense was first enacted in 2001. 5

[15] In 2003, Cundiff committed and was charged with two counts of child exploitation, and, in 2004, he pleaded to one count of child exploitation under the code as applicable in 2003. There is no dispute that Cundiff was twenty-one years old at the time of this crime and that his victims were less than twelve years old. Therefore, from the time Cundiff committed his offense to the present time, he has been required to register for life under SORA.

*959 There is no violation of the prohibition against ex post facto laws.

[16] Moreover, pursuant to Indiana Code section ll-8-8-22(b) and (c), an offender may petition the court for less restrictive sex offender registration conditions if, due to a change in law after June SO, 2007, an individual engaging in the same conduct would not be required to register or would be required to register but under less restrictive conditions than the offender is required to meet. There has been no change in the law to allow for less restrictive registration conditions for an offender in Cundiffs circumstances.

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Related

Andre Gonzalez v. State of Indiana
980 N.E.2d 312 (Indiana Supreme Court, 2013)
Lucas v. McDonald
954 N.E.2d 996 (Indiana Court of Appeals, 2011)
Anthony Mark Sewell v. State of Indiana
973 N.E.2d 96 (Indiana Court of Appeals, 2012)
Bleeke v. State
982 N.E.2d 1040 (Indiana Court of Appeals, 2013)
Bleeke v. Lemmon
6 N.E.3d 907 (Indiana Supreme Court, 2014)

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Bluebook (online)
66 N.E.3d 956, 2016 Ind. App. LEXIS 459, 2016 WL 7398749, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/michael-d-cundiff-v-state-of-indiana-indctapp-2016.