UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 20-6789
MICHAEL G. CAPPS,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
v.
BRIAN LONG; JUSTIN PELFREY; JOSH LABRECQUE,
Defendants - Appellees,
and
OCONEE COUNTY SHERIFF’S DEPARTMENT; MIKE CRENSHAW; KEVIN DAVIS; JEFF UNDERWOOD; SOUTH CAROLINA INSURANCE RESERVE FUND; CHRIS LOMBARD; ANN MACON SMITH,
Defendants.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina, at Anderson. Donald C. Coggins, Jr., District Judge. (8:18-cv-01434-DCC)
Submitted: March 11, 2021 Decided: October 18, 2021
Before RICHARDSON, Circuit Judge, and SHEDD and KEENAN, Senior Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion. Michael G. Capps, Appellant Pro Se. Stacey Todd Coffee, James William Logan, Jr., LOGAN, JOLLY & SMITH, LLP, Anderson, South Carolina, for Appellees.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
2 PER CURIAM:
This appeal arises out of Michael G. Capps’ civil suit invoking 42 U.S.C. § 1983,
18 U.S.C. §§ 241-242, and South Carolina state law and seeking damages against a host of
Defendants—including Brian Long, Justin Pelfrey, and Josh Labrecque—as a consequence
of an investigatory stop. By order dated August 2, 2019, the district court adopted the
June 22, 2018, recommendation of the magistrate judge and dismissed Capps’ claims based
on 18 U.S.C. §§ 241-242 under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii). In the August 2 order, the
district court also adopted a portion of the magistrate judge’s February 12, 2019,
recommendation, denied Capps’ motions for summary judgment, granted in part and
denied in part the summary judgment motion filed by Long, Pelfrey, and Labrecque, and
granted summary judgment under § 1983 to Pelfrey and Labrecque on the portion of
Capps’ Fourth Amendment claim challenging their decision to initiate the investigatory
stop. By order dated May 13, 2020, the district court adopted the March 11, 2020,
recommendation of the magistrate judge, granted Long, Pelfrey, and Labrecque’s second
motion for summary judgment, declined to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over Capps’
claims under state law against these Defendants, and dismissed Capps’ action. Capps
timely appealed.
On appeal, Capps challenges determinations in the May 13 order. In the March 11
recommendation, the magistrate judge advised Capps that his failure to file timely and
specific objections to the recommendation would result in a waiver of a district court order
based on the recommendation. The timely filing of specific objections to a magistrate
judge’s recommendation is necessary to preserve appellate review of the substance of that
3 recommendation when the parties have been warned of the consequences of
noncompliance. Diamond v. Colonial Life & Accident Ins. Co., 416 F.3d 310, 315 (4th Cir.
2005). A failure to make a timely and specific objection to a recommendation constitutes
a waiver of appellate review. Arakas v. Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 983 F.3d 83, 103
(4th Cir. 2020). Capps failed to file objections to the March 11 recommendation after
receiving proper notice and thus has waived appellate review of the May 13 order. He
further has not provided any reason to excuse his failure to object, see id. at 103-06
(explaining circumstances in which this court may exercise its discretion to excuse waiver),
and we thus conclude that discretionary review of Capps’ waived challenges to the May 13
order is not warranted.
Capps also appeals the portion of the August 2 order dismissing pursuant to
§ 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) his claims under 18 U.S.C. §§ 241-242. “The standards for reviewing
a dismissal under § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) are the same as those for reviewing a dismissal under
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6).” Thomas v. Salvation Army S. Territory,
841 F.3d 632, 637 (4th Cir. 2016) (internal quotation marks omitted). Accordingly, we
review de novo a dismissal under § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii), accepting as true all well-pleaded
facts. Id. “To survive a motion to dismiss [under Rule 12(b)(6)], a complaint must contain
sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its
face.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (internal quotation marks omitted).
“To state a claim under § 1983, a plaintiff must allege that he was deprived of a
right secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States, and that the alleged
deprivation was committed under color of state law.” Thomas, 841 F.3d at 637 (internal
4 quotation marks omitted). Capps asserted in his complaint that Long, Pelfrey, Labrecque
and other Defendants violated 18 U.S.C. §§ 241 and 242 in this case, that he was damaged
by these violations, and that he was entitled to relief for such damages under § 1983.
Sections 241 and 242 of Title 18 of the United States Code, however, are federal criminal
statutes, and Capps has not shown that these statutes give rise to civil liability or authorize
a private right of action. See Cent. Bank of Denver, N.A. v. First Interstate Bank of Denver,
N.A., 511 U.S. 164, 190 (1994); Robinson v. Overseas Mil. Sales Corp., 21 F.3d 502, 511
(2d Cir. 1994).
Capps also challenges the ruling in the August 2 order denying his summary
judgment motions and granting summary judgment to Pelfrey and Labrecque under § 1983
on his Fourth Amendment claim against them for an unconstitutional stop. We review the
district court’s rulings on cross-motions for summary judgment de novo. Young v. Equinor
USA Onshore Props., Inc., 982 F.3d 201, 205 (4th Cir. 2020). Summary judgment is only
appropriate if “no material facts are disputed and the moving party is entitled to judgment
as a matter of law.” Henry v. Purnell, 652 F.3d 524, 531 (4th Cir. 2011) (en banc) (internal
quotation marks omitted). “Ordinarily, when a district court’s grant of summary judgment
disposes of cross-motions for summary judgment, we consider each motion separately on
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UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 20-6789
MICHAEL G. CAPPS,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
v.
BRIAN LONG; JUSTIN PELFREY; JOSH LABRECQUE,
Defendants - Appellees,
and
OCONEE COUNTY SHERIFF’S DEPARTMENT; MIKE CRENSHAW; KEVIN DAVIS; JEFF UNDERWOOD; SOUTH CAROLINA INSURANCE RESERVE FUND; CHRIS LOMBARD; ANN MACON SMITH,
Defendants.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina, at Anderson. Donald C. Coggins, Jr., District Judge. (8:18-cv-01434-DCC)
Submitted: March 11, 2021 Decided: October 18, 2021
Before RICHARDSON, Circuit Judge, and SHEDD and KEENAN, Senior Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion. Michael G. Capps, Appellant Pro Se. Stacey Todd Coffee, James William Logan, Jr., LOGAN, JOLLY & SMITH, LLP, Anderson, South Carolina, for Appellees.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
2 PER CURIAM:
This appeal arises out of Michael G. Capps’ civil suit invoking 42 U.S.C. § 1983,
18 U.S.C. §§ 241-242, and South Carolina state law and seeking damages against a host of
Defendants—including Brian Long, Justin Pelfrey, and Josh Labrecque—as a consequence
of an investigatory stop. By order dated August 2, 2019, the district court adopted the
June 22, 2018, recommendation of the magistrate judge and dismissed Capps’ claims based
on 18 U.S.C. §§ 241-242 under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii). In the August 2 order, the
district court also adopted a portion of the magistrate judge’s February 12, 2019,
recommendation, denied Capps’ motions for summary judgment, granted in part and
denied in part the summary judgment motion filed by Long, Pelfrey, and Labrecque, and
granted summary judgment under § 1983 to Pelfrey and Labrecque on the portion of
Capps’ Fourth Amendment claim challenging their decision to initiate the investigatory
stop. By order dated May 13, 2020, the district court adopted the March 11, 2020,
recommendation of the magistrate judge, granted Long, Pelfrey, and Labrecque’s second
motion for summary judgment, declined to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over Capps’
claims under state law against these Defendants, and dismissed Capps’ action. Capps
timely appealed.
On appeal, Capps challenges determinations in the May 13 order. In the March 11
recommendation, the magistrate judge advised Capps that his failure to file timely and
specific objections to the recommendation would result in a waiver of a district court order
based on the recommendation. The timely filing of specific objections to a magistrate
judge’s recommendation is necessary to preserve appellate review of the substance of that
3 recommendation when the parties have been warned of the consequences of
noncompliance. Diamond v. Colonial Life & Accident Ins. Co., 416 F.3d 310, 315 (4th Cir.
2005). A failure to make a timely and specific objection to a recommendation constitutes
a waiver of appellate review. Arakas v. Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 983 F.3d 83, 103
(4th Cir. 2020). Capps failed to file objections to the March 11 recommendation after
receiving proper notice and thus has waived appellate review of the May 13 order. He
further has not provided any reason to excuse his failure to object, see id. at 103-06
(explaining circumstances in which this court may exercise its discretion to excuse waiver),
and we thus conclude that discretionary review of Capps’ waived challenges to the May 13
order is not warranted.
Capps also appeals the portion of the August 2 order dismissing pursuant to
§ 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) his claims under 18 U.S.C. §§ 241-242. “The standards for reviewing
a dismissal under § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) are the same as those for reviewing a dismissal under
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6).” Thomas v. Salvation Army S. Territory,
841 F.3d 632, 637 (4th Cir. 2016) (internal quotation marks omitted). Accordingly, we
review de novo a dismissal under § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii), accepting as true all well-pleaded
facts. Id. “To survive a motion to dismiss [under Rule 12(b)(6)], a complaint must contain
sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its
face.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (internal quotation marks omitted).
“To state a claim under § 1983, a plaintiff must allege that he was deprived of a
right secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States, and that the alleged
deprivation was committed under color of state law.” Thomas, 841 F.3d at 637 (internal
4 quotation marks omitted). Capps asserted in his complaint that Long, Pelfrey, Labrecque
and other Defendants violated 18 U.S.C. §§ 241 and 242 in this case, that he was damaged
by these violations, and that he was entitled to relief for such damages under § 1983.
Sections 241 and 242 of Title 18 of the United States Code, however, are federal criminal
statutes, and Capps has not shown that these statutes give rise to civil liability or authorize
a private right of action. See Cent. Bank of Denver, N.A. v. First Interstate Bank of Denver,
N.A., 511 U.S. 164, 190 (1994); Robinson v. Overseas Mil. Sales Corp., 21 F.3d 502, 511
(2d Cir. 1994).
Capps also challenges the ruling in the August 2 order denying his summary
judgment motions and granting summary judgment to Pelfrey and Labrecque under § 1983
on his Fourth Amendment claim against them for an unconstitutional stop. We review the
district court’s rulings on cross-motions for summary judgment de novo. Young v. Equinor
USA Onshore Props., Inc., 982 F.3d 201, 205 (4th Cir. 2020). Summary judgment is only
appropriate if “no material facts are disputed and the moving party is entitled to judgment
as a matter of law.” Henry v. Purnell, 652 F.3d 524, 531 (4th Cir. 2011) (en banc) (internal
quotation marks omitted). “Ordinarily, when a district court’s grant of summary judgment
disposes of cross-motions for summary judgment, we consider each motion separately on
its own merits, resolving all factual disputes and any competing, rational inferences in the
light most favorable to the party opposing that motion.” Wingate v. Fulford, 987 F.3d 299,
304 (4th Cir.) (internal quotation marks omitted), petition for cert. filed (U.S. June 4, 2021).
The parties, however, do not present competing versions of the facts, and we therefore
review the propriety of the rulings on the motions “in tandem.” Id.
5 The Fourth Amendment, which protects “[t]he right of the people to be secure in
their persons . . . against unreasonable searches and seizures,” U.S. Const. amend IV,
extends to “brief investigatory stops . . . that fall short of traditional arrest,” United States v.
Arvizu, 534 U.S. 266, 273 (2002) (citing Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 9 (1968)); see United
States v. Kehoe, 893 F.3d 232, 237 (4th Cir. 2018). Consistent with the Constitution, a
police officer may stop and briefly detain a person when the officer “has reasonable,
articulable suspicion that the person has been, is, or is about to be engaged in criminal
activity.” United States v. Hensley, 469 U.S. 221, 227 (1985) (internal quotation marks
and emphasis omitted).
After review of the record, we conclude that the district court did not reversibly err
in granting summary judgment to Pelfrey and Labrecque on this portion of Capps’ claim.
Prior to stopping Capps, these Defendants had received reliable and credible information
that he was taking pictures of children and had reported that he was pedophile. Capps also
was observed possessing a camera and refused to explain what he was photographing.
Altogether, the information these Defendants had gave rise to a reasonable suspicion that
Capps was in possession of child pornography or was grooming children in preparation for
child trafficking or abduction. See United States v. Perkins, 363 F.3d 317, 326-28 (4th Cir.
2004) (upholding investigatory stop where observed conduct, though legal, rightfully
aroused officer’s suspicion of criminal activity in light of a tip and confirmatory
surrounding circumstances). We therefore affirm the district court’s judgment.
We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately
6 presented in the materials before this court and argument would not aid the decisional
process.
AFFIRMED