Merchant v. Smith

Opinion

1 MGD 2 WO 3 4 5 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA 8 9 Steven Sentre Merchant, No. CV-21-01593-PHX-JAT (ESW) 10 Plaintiff, 11 v. ORDER 12 Unknown Smith, et al., 13 Defendants.

14 15 Plaintiff Steven Sentre Merchant, who is currently confined in the Arizona State 16 Prison Complex (ASPC)-Douglas, brought this pro se civil rights action pursuant to 42 17 U.S.C. § 1983 regarding events that occurred while he was incarcerated in the Red Rock 18 Correctional Center (RRCC) in Eloy, Arizona. (Doc. 1.) Defendant Smith moves for 19 summary judgment. (Doc. 73.) Plaintiff was informed of his rights and obligations to 20 respond pursuant to Rand v. Rowland, 154 F.3d 952, 962 (9th Cir. 1998) (en banc) 21 (Doc. 77), and he opposes the Motion. (Doc. 89.) Also pending is Plaintiff’s “Request for 22 Rule (d)56 [sic] Relief and for Expedited Hearing” (Doc. 89), which the Court has deemed 23 to be both a motion and Plaintiff’s Response to Defendant’s Motion for Summary 24 Judgment.1 (See Doc. 92.) 25 . . . . 26 . . . . 27 28 1 Plaintiff was provided two extensions of time to file a separate response to Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment, but he did not do so. 1 I. Background 2 Plaintiff alleges in his Complaint that on September 19, 2019, he saw an officer 3 sleeping while on duty and reported it to Captain Site. (Doc. 1 at 3.) Site allegedly 4 informed Correctional Officers (COs) Smith and Calvin, who then entered Plaintiff’s pod 5 and told other prisoners that Plaintiff was a “snitch.” (Id.) As a result of being called a 6 snitch, Plaintiff alleges that he was assaulted by other prisoners, “force[d] to use a ‘pill,’” 7 and “was force[d] to ‘805’ off the yard.” (Id.) 8 On screening under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a), the Court determined that Plaintiff stated 9 a First Amendment retaliation claim in Count One and an Eighth Amendment threat-to- 10 safety claim in Count Three against Defendants Smith and Calvin and directed them to 11 answer the claims. (Doc. 7.) The Court dismissed the remaining claims and Defendants. 12 (Id.) The Court subsequently dismissed Defendant Calvin without prejudice for failure to 13 timely effect service of process. (Doc. 49.) 14 Defendant Smith now moves for summary judgment based on failure to exhaust 15 administrative remedies and on the merits. 16 II. Summary Judgment Standard 17 A court must grant summary judgment “if the movant shows that there is no genuine 18 dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” 19 Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a); see also Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-23 (1986). The 20 movant bears the initial responsibility of presenting the basis for its motion and identifying 21 those portions of the record, together with affidavits, if any, that it believes demonstrate 22 the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. Celotex, 477 U.S. at 323. 23 If the movant fails to carry its initial burden of production, the nonmovant need not 24 produce anything. Nissan Fire & Marine Ins. Co., Ltd. v. Fritz Co., Inc., 210 F.3d 1099, 25 1102-03 (9th Cir. 2000). But if the movant meets its initial responsibility, the burden shifts 26 to the nonmovant to demonstrate the existence of a factual dispute and that the fact in 27 contention is material, i.e., a fact that might affect the outcome of the suit under the 28 governing law, and that the dispute is genuine, i.e., the evidence is such that a reasonable 1 jury could return a verdict for the nonmovant. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 2 242, 248, 250 (1986); see Triton Energy Corp. v. Square D. Co., 68 F.3d 1216, 1221 (9th 3 Cir. 1995). The nonmovant need not establish a material issue of fact conclusively in its 4 favor, First Nat’l Bank of Ariz. v. Cities Serv. Co., 391 U.S. 253, 288-89 (1968); however, 5 it must “come forward with specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.” 6 Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co., Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587 (1986) (internal 7 citation omitted); see Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1). 8 At summary judgment, the judge’s function is not to weigh the evidence and 9 determine the truth but to determine whether there is a genuine issue for trial. Anderson, 10 477 U.S. at 249. In its analysis, the court must believe the nonmovant’s evidence and draw 11 all inferences in the nonmovant’s favor. Id. at 255. The court need consider only the cited 12 materials, but it may consider any other materials in the record. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(3). 13 III. Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies 14 A. Legal Standard 15 Under the Prison Litigation Reform Act, a prisoner must exhaust “available” 16 administrative remedies before filing an action in federal court. See 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a); 17 Vaden v. Summerhill, 449 F.3d 1047, 1050 (9th Cir. 2006); Brown v. Valoff, 422 F.3d 926, 18 934-35 (9th Cir. 2005). The prisoner must complete the administrative review process in 19 accordance with the applicable rules. See Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 92 (2006). 20 Exhaustion is required for all suits about prison life, Porter v. Nussle, 534 U.S. 516, 523 21 (2002), regardless of the type of relief offered through the administrative process, Booth v. 22 Churner, 532 U.S. 731, 741 (2001). 23 The defendant bears the initial burden to show that there was an available 24 administrative remedy and that the prisoner did not exhaust it. Albino v. Baca, 747 F.3d 25 1162, 1169, 1172 (9th Cir. 2014); see Brown, 422 F.3d at 936-37 (a defendant must 26 demonstrate that applicable relief remained available in the grievance process). Once that 27 showing is made, the burden shifts to the prisoner, who must either demonstrate that he, in 28 fact, exhausted administrative remedies or “come forward with evidence showing that there 1 is something in his particular case that made the existing and generally available 2 administrative remedies effectively unavailable to him.” Albino, 747 F.3d at 1172. The 3 ultimate burden, however, rests with the defendant. Id. Summary judgment is appropriate 4 if the undisputed evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the prisoner, shows a 5 failure to exhaust. Id. at 1166, 1168; see Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). 6 If the defendants move for summary judgment for failure to exhaust and the 7 evidence shows that the plaintiff did, in fact, exhaust all available administrative remedies, 8 it is appropriate for the court to grant summary judgment sua sponte for the nonmovant on 9 the issue. See Albino, 747 F.3d at 1176 (pro se prisoner did not cross-move for summary 10 judgment on issue of exhaustion, but because he would have succeeded had he made such 11 a motion, sua sponte grant of summary judgment was appropriate). 12 B. Relevant Facts2 13 1. RRCC’s Grievance Procedure 14 The Arizona Department of Corrections, Rehabilitation, and Reentry (ADCRR) 15 Department Order (DO) 802, Inmate Grievance Procedure, sets forth the grievance 16 procedures prisoners must follow at RRCC. (Doc. 74 (Def.’s Statement of Facts) ¶ 37.) 17 Upon arrival at RRCC, prisoners are provided a copy of the Arizona Inmate Handbook 18 (“Handbook”), which directs them to follow the grievance procedures set forth in DO 802. 19 (Id. ¶¶ 36-37.) Copies of the Handbook and DO 802 are available to prisoners in the RRCC 20

21 2 Although Plaintiff filed a Response, Plaintiff failed to comply with the Court’s 22 Rand Order and Local Rule of Civil Procedure 56.1(b) for responding to a motion for 23 summary judgment and did not file a separate statement of facts, setting forth for each paragraph in Defendant’s Statement of Facts a correspondingly numbered paragraph 24 “indicating whether [he] disputes the statement of fact set forth in that paragraph and a 25 reference to the specific admissible portion of the record supporting [his] position.” (See Doc. 77; LRCiv. 56.1(b).) The Court will therefore consider Defendant’s facts undisputed 26 unless they are clearly controverted by Plaintiff’s first-hand allegations in the verified 27 Complaint or other evidence on the record. Where the nonmovant is a pro se litigant, the Court must consider as evidence in opposition to summary judgment all the nonmovant’s 28 contentions set forth in a verified complaint or motion. Jones v. Blanas, 393 F.3d 918, 923 (9th Cir. 2004). 1 library. (Id. ¶ 39.) Plaintiff received a copy of the Handbook and verbal instruction on the 2 grievance procedures during the general prisoner orientation conducted by RRCC staff, 3 and the grievance process was available to him at all relevant times at RRCC. (Id. ¶¶ 38, 4 40.) 5 DO 802.01, Section 1.1 states that “[t]he Inmate Grievance Procedure is designed 6 to address inmate complaints related to any aspect of institutional life or condition of 7 confinement that directly and personally affects the inmate grievant, including . . . the 8 actions of staff.” (Id. ¶ 41.) Certain issues, such as disciplinary hearings, protective 9 custody, and classification are not grievable under DO 802. (Id. ¶¶ 42-43.) Plaintiff’s 10 claims alleging Defendants retaliated against him and were deliberately indifferent to his 11 safety are grievable pursuant to DO 802. (Id. ¶ 45.) 12 Under DO 802, prisoners must first attempt to resolve their issues informally, either 13 by discussing the issue with staff or by submitting an Inmate Informal Complaint 14 Resolution. (Id. ¶ 46.) The informal complaint must be submitted within 10 workdays of 15 the date of the action that caused the complaint, and a CO III must provide a response 16 within 15 days of receiving the informal complaint. (Id. ¶¶ 47-48.) 17 If the prisoner is dissatisfied with the response to his informal complaint, he may 18 file a formal grievance within 5 days of that response. (Id. ¶ 49.) The formal grievance is 19 assigned a grievance number and logged in the facility Grievance Log, and a copy of it is 20 maintained in the grievance file. (Id. ¶¶ 50-51.) Within 15 days of receipt of the formal 21 grievance, the Deputy Warden must issue a response. (Id. ¶ 52.) If the prisoner is 22 dissatisfied with the Deputy Warden’s response, he may appeal the decision by submitting 23 a Grievance Appeal to the Director within 5 workdays of receiving the response. (Id. ¶ 53.) 24 The Director’s response is final and ends the administrative remedy process. (Id. ¶ 54.) 25 If a prisoner does not receive a response within the time specified, the time to 26 proceed to the next step of the process is the same as if a response was received pursuant 27 to DO 802 § 1.10.1. (Id. ¶ 69.) Prisoners are required to completely exhaust the grievance 28 process to the end prior to filing a lawsuit pursuant to DO 802 § 1.5. (Id. ¶ 70.) 1 2. Plaintiff’s Grievance History 2 RRCC Grievance Coordinator T. Hansen has access to all RRCC grievance records. 3 (Doc. 74-1, Ex. 3, Hansen Decl. ¶ 34.) According to Hansen, Plaintiff began the grievance 4 process and submitted an Informal Complaint Resolution on October 1, 2019, in which he 5 complained that COs Smith and Calvin told the pod that Plaintiff was a snitch. (Id. ¶ 35; 6 Doc. 74-1 at 71.) On October 3, 2019, Plaintiff submitted an Inmate Grievance, which was 7 received by CO Montoya on October 4, 2019. (Hansen Decl. ¶ 36.) 8 On November 7, 2019, Plaintiff was transferred from RRCC to ASPC-Lewis. (Id. 9 ¶ 37.) 10 On November 8, 2019, Plaintiff received a response to his October 3, 2019 Inmate 11 Grievance stating that an investigation into his claim was conducted and there was no 12 evidence at that time of any staff misconduct against Plaintiff, and his grievance was now 13 resolved. (Id. ¶ 38; Doc. 74-1 at 79.) The response notified Plaintiff that if he was “not 14 satisfied with the response [he] may follow the grievance procedure as outlined in policy 15 802.” (Id.) 16 On December 18, 2019, past the timeframe to submit an appeal, Plaintiff wrote an 17 Inmate Grievance Appeal addressed to “Deputy Warden/Administrator,” but the appeal 18 was not properly submitted or received by ADCRR staff. (Hansen Decl. ¶ 39; Doc. 74-1 19 at 81; Doc. 89 at 29.)3 After not receiving a response to his December 18, 2019 grievance 20 appeal, Plaintiff wrote another Inmate Grievance Appeal on April 26, 2020 addressed to 21 the Director that was not properly submitted or received by ADCRR staff. (Hansen Decl. 22 ¶ 40; Doc. 74-1 at 83; Doc. 89 at 28.)4 23 J. Berraras serves as the Administrative Services Officer VI/Inmate Appeals 24

25 3 Both Plaintiff and Defendant submitted copies of this Grievance Appeal. The space on the form where the date received and recipient are to be noted are smudged on 26 both copies, and the Court cannot tell if anything is written in those spaces. (See Doc. 89 at 29; Doc. 74-1 at 81.) 27 4 Both Plaintiff and Defendant submitted copies of this Grievance Appeal, and it is 28 clear there is nothing written in the space on the form for the date received and recipient. (See Doc. 89 at 28; Doc. 74-1 at 83.) 1 Administrator for all Arizona State Prison Complexes. (Doc. 74 ¶ 72.) Berraras reviewed 2 ADCRR records for Plaintiff, which show he was housed at ASPC-Lewis Stiner Unit from 3 November 7, 2019 to October 18, 2022. (Id. ¶ 73.) Berraras reviewed the Unit Grievance 4 Coordinator Log for any processed or unprocessed formal grievances and grievance 5 appeals filed at ASPC-Lewis Complex by Plaintiff from November 2019 through 6 September 15, 2021, when he filed his Complaint in this action, but there were no processed 7 or unprocessed grievances during this period. (Id. ¶¶ 74-75.) Berreras is also aware that 8 Plaintiff wrote two Grievance Appeals that were not properly submitted or received by 9 staff, and there is no record of Plaintiff ever submitting any appeals to the Director’s level. 10 (Id. ¶¶ 76-77.) When Plaintiff realized he had not received any responses to his grievance 11 appeals, he could have brought them to any ADCRR staff member for review and 12 processing, but there is no record he did this. (Id. ¶ 78.) 13 C. Discussion 14 Defendant’s evidence shows that Plaintiff completed the first two steps in the 15 ADCRR grievance process by filing an Informal Complaint Resolution and an Inmate 16 Grievance, but he did not file a timely grievance appeal. Plaintiff filed his grievance on 17 October 3, 2019, and he received a response on November 8, 2019. Plaintiff had five 18 workdays to file a Grievance Appeal with the ADC Director, or until November 18, 2019, 19 but there is no evidence Plaintiff filed a Grievance Appeal by then. Even if Plaintiff had 20 properly submitted his December 18, 2019 Grievance Appeal, it would have been untimely. 21 Consequently, Plaintiff did not complete the final step of the grievance process. 22 Defendant has met her initial burden of showing that Plaintiff failed to exhaust 23 administrative remedies, and the burden now shifts to Plaintiff to show that he either did 24 exhaust or “come forward with evidence showing that there is something in his particular 25 case that made the existing and generally available administrative remedies effectively 26 unavailable to him.” Albino, 747 F.3d at 1172. 27 Plaintiff’s Response primarily focuses on the issue of missing video footage that he 28 says would support his claims of retaliation and threat to safety, and he did not address the 1 issue of exhaustion in his Response except to say, “Now I wish I would [have] kept up with 2 the grievance and continue[d] the process to the director of D.O.C. (D. Shinn), maybe they 3 would [have] save[d] all the video footage . . . .” (Doc. 89 at 4.) This is insufficient to 4 rebut Defendant’s evidence that he did not exhaust his administrative remedies. Also, in 5 his Complaint, Plaintiff checked the boxes on the form indicating that he submitted a 6 request for administrative relief to the highest level as to each claim. But simply checking 7 the boxes on the complaint form that he appealed his administrative remedies to the highest 8 level, without any explanation of what he did to exhaust his administrative remedies, is not 9 sufficient. Defendant’s evidence shows that Plaintiff did not complete the grievance 10 procedure for either claim, and by not presenting any evidence showing that he either 11 exhausted the available administrative remedies or that something in his particular case 12 prevented him from doing so, Plaintiff has failed to rebut Defendant’s evidence. 13 Accordingly, the Court will grant summary judgment to Defendant based on failure 14 to exhaust administrative remedies. 15 IV. Plaintiff’s “Request for Rule (d)56 [sic] Relief and for Expedited Hearing” 16 In this Motion, Plaintiff requests relief because he “doesn’t have all the facts due to 17 lack of discovery.” (Doc. 89 at 1.) Plaintiff states that Defendant is lying under oath, and 18 he can prove it at trial. Plaintiff asserts that video footage from the prison would verify 19 Plaintiff’s version of events, but the video footage has been deleted. 20 Under Rule 56(d), “[i]f a nonmovant shows by affidavit or declaration that, for 21 specified reasons, it cannot present facts essential to justify its opposition,” the court may 22 issue any appropriate order, including deferring consideration of the motion for summary 23 judgment or denying it, or allowing “time to obtain affidavits or declarations or to take 24 discovery.” Fed R. Civ. P. 56(d). The party requesting relief under Rule 56(d) must set 25 forth in its affidavit or declaration: (1) “specific facts it hopes to elicit from further 26 discovery,” (2) that “the facts sought exist,” and (3) that “the sought-after facts are essential 27 to oppose summary judgment.” Family Home & Finance Ctr., Inc. v. Fed. Home Loan 28 Mortg. Corp., 525 F.3d 822, 827 (9th Cir. 2008) (discussing former Rule 56(f)).) “Failure 1 | tocomply with these requirements is a proper ground for denying discovery and proceeding 2| tosummary judgment.” Jd. (internal quotation marks omitted). 3 Plaintiff makes no showing that the video footage he seeks is essential to oppose 4} summary judgment on the issue of exhaustion or has anything to do with exhaustion of 5 | administrative remedies. Accordingly, because Plaintiff has not shown that additional 6 | discovery is essential to oppose summary judgment on the issue of exhaustion, the Court 7 | will deny his Motion seeking relief pursuant to Rule 56(d). 8) ITIS ORDERED: 9 (1) The reference to the Magistrate Judge is withdrawn as to Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. 73) and Plaintiff's “Request for Rule (d)56 [sic] 11 | Relief and for Expedited Hearing” (Doc. 89). 12 (2) Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. 73) is granted. 13 (3) Plaintiff's “Request for Rule (d)56 [sic] Relief and for Expedited Hearing” 14| (Doc. 89) is denied. 15 (4) This action is terminated without prejudice for failure to exhaust 16 | administrative remedies. The Clerk of Court must enter judgment accordingly. 17 Dated this 3rd day of August, 2023. 18 19 A 20 1 _ James A. Teil Org Senior United States District Judge 22 23 24 25 26 27 28