In The
Court of Appeals
Ninth District of Texas at Beaumont
____________________
NO. 09-02-039 CR
MELISSA MARIE FRAZIER, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the Criminal District Court
Jefferson County, Texas
Trial Cause No. 85370
MEMORANDUM OPINION
A jury convicted Melissa Marie Frazier of murder and sentenced her to thirty-five
years' confinement in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
Frazier appeals raising three points of error. Frazier contends the evidence is legally and
factually insufficient to support her conviction and the trial court erred in entering a deadly
weapon finding in the judgment.
The jury found Frazier guilty "as alleged in the indictment." The indictment
alleged Frazier "did then and there intentionally and knowingly cause the death of an
individual, namely: TERI ANN HARDY, . . . by hitting [her] with a deadly weapon, to
wit: a mug, that in the manner of its use and intended use was capable of causing death and
serious bodily injury, and by choking [her] with a cord."
The record reflects, and the State concedes, there is no evidence Hardy's death was
caused by strangulation. Accordingly, the jury could not have convicted Frazier under that
theory.
Further, the record reflects, and the State concedes, there is no evidence Frazier
ever hit Hardy with the mug. Accordingly, the jury could not have convicted Frazier
under that theory. The State contends, and appellate counsel concedes, that Frazier could
have been convicted as a party to the offense. The indictment does not charge Frazier as
a party. "But it is well-settled that the law of parties need not be pled in the indictment."
Marable v. State, 85 S.W.3d 287 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002). Additionally, the trial court's
charge fails to instruct the jury that Frazier could be found guilty as a party. In the
abstract portion of the charge, the trial court informed the jury of the law regarding
"parties to an offense" but the application portion wholly fails to reference it. (1)
Nevertheless, we review the sufficiency of the evidence to support Frazier's conviction as
a party to the offense, under the Malik (2) standard of the hypothetically-correct jury charge. (3)
See Swartz v. State, 61 S.W.3d 781, 785 (Tex. App. --Corpus Christi 2001, pet. ref'd).
See also Gollihar v. State, 46 S.W.3d 243 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001).
"A person is criminally responsible as a party to an offense if the offense is
committed by his own conduct, by the conduct of another for which he is criminally
responsible, or by both." Tex. Pen. Code Ann. § 7.01(a) (Vernon 2003). "A person is
criminally responsible for an offense committed by the conduct of another if . . . acting
with intent to promote or assist the commission of the offense, he solicits, encourages,
directs, aids, or attempts to aid the other person to commit the offense." Tex. Pen. Code
Ann. § 7.02(a)(2) (Vernon 2003). As noted above, there is no evidence the murder was
committed by Frazier's own conduct as she did not strike Terri Hardy. The question,
therefore, is whether there is any evidence Frazier is criminally responsible for Hornsby's
conduct, i.e., did she act with intent to promote or assist Hornsby? The only evidence
Frazier aided Hornsby came from Kevin Coffey.
The State concedes Coffey is an accomplice witness. (4) The record reflects that at
the time Coffey testified he was still under indictment for the murder of Terri Hardy.
Accordingly, Coffey was an accomplice as a matter of law. (5) See Herron v. State, 86
S.W.3d 621, 631 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) (citing Blake v. State, 971 S.W.2d 451, 454-55
(Tex. Crim. App. 1998), and Ex parte Zepeda, 819 S.W.2d 874, 876 (Tex. Crim. App.
1991)). Coffey's testimony must therefore be corroborated for Frazier's conviction to
stand. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 38.14 (Vernon Supp. 2003), and Fare v.
State, 1 S.W.3d 928, 930 (Tex. App.--Beaumont 1999, pet. ref'd).
Coffey testified, in pertinent part, as follows:
Q. Tell me what happened when you got back to the house.
A. We got back to the house, everybody went inside. I was the last one to
come in. I made it to the door, and I couldn't open the door. And then -
Q. What happened next?
A. Well, I was wondering why the door wouldn't open. So, I looked around
the door and Melissa pointed up to a picture and said, "Look what my mom
got me. That's pretty."
. . . .
Q. You said you heard Melissa point up at a picture?
A. Yeah.
Q. Who was she talking to?
A. I assume Teri, because she was over in that direction.
Q. What room were they in?
A. It would be, like, the bedroom/living room area. It's all one room.
Q. Okay. When you were looking into the bedroom, could you see Melissa?
A. Yes.
Q. Could you see James?
Q. Could you see Teri?
A. No.
Q. What did Melissa say to Teri?
A. She said, "Look. Look at the picture my mom got me," said it was a pretty
picture.
Q. What did you observe next?
A. I look - I looked back towards, like James; and then I tried pushing on the
door again. It wouldn't open. And that's when I noticed Melissa handed
James the mug, and that's when he went at her.
Coffey's testimony is evidence that Frazier assisted Hornsby by distracting Terri Hardy
and then handing Hornsby the mug which he used to cause her death. There is no
evidence from any other source establishing these same facts. However, it is not necessary
that the non-accomplice evidence directly link the defendant to the commission of the
offense. See Fare, 1 S.W.3d at 931. "The rule is satisfied if there is some non-accomplice evidence which tends to connect the accused to the commission of the offense
alleged in the indictment." Id. (citing Hernandez v. State, 939 S.W.2d 173, 176 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1997)). Frazier's own statements provide that evidence.
Frazier gave two statements to police on July 17, 2001. Two days later, Frazier
gave a third statement. (6) She recounted the following, in pertinent part:
This is a continuation of an earlier statement that I gave to Detective
Robertson and Harrison the other day. I would like to clear up some
additional facts that I did not mention to the officers at the time.
After Terri Hardy was beat by James Hornsby and she fail [sic] to the
floor, I bent down next to her. There was a [sic] electrical clock on the TV
that was plugged into the wall next to where Terri's head was laying. I
could hear Terri making some gurgling type noises. I was thinking only of
how I could help James at that moment. I knew that Terri was going to die
and wanted to put her out of her pain. I had the thought of putting the
electrical cord around her neck at that moment. I pulled the electrical cord
plug form [sic] the electrical outlet that was in the wall. The clock fail [sic]
from the TV at that time. Terri's [sic] was laying face down, with her head
facing her left side. Her head was up against and sort of angled up against
the wall. I grabbed the cord and wrapped the cord over her head. I did not
have to touch her for I pulled on the electrical cord and it slipped in between
her head and the wall. I did not pull on the cord at that time. I knew that
James would take over and finished [sic] it. I only gave him to [sic] idea.
He grabbed the electrical cord and began to strangle Terri. This lasted only
for about three seconds. I believe now that she was already dead.
We find Frazier's admission that she placed the cord around Terri Hardy's neck to give
Hornsby the idea to strangle her to be sufficient corroboration to support Coffey's
testimony that Frazier aided Hornsby.
We now turn to the rest of the evidence to determine its sufficiency to support
Frazier's conviction. In Frazier's first statement to police, she claimed a guy named John
picked Terri up from her house. In the second, Frazier stated, in pertinent part:
When we got back to the house James was still fighting with Terri.
Terri was getting beat up pretty bad. Terri was trying to fight back but she
was not doing very well. James got her down in my house near the TV
stand and the corner where the TV sets. He was beating her in the head with
his fists. I was telling James to stop but he would not stop. He grabbed a
glass beer mug and started hitting her in the back of the head with the beer
mug. He hit her about seven times. I could see blood coming out of her
head. I could see that her head looked like mush. I walked out because I
knew that Terri was going to die. I could hear her making noises. The
noises were gurgling noises. I walked into the kitchen to get away from
them. While James was beating Terri, Kevin had gone outside. James quit
hitting Terri. Her head was half gone in the back.
Coffey gave two statements to the police, both of which were admitted into
evidence. In the statement given July 17, 2001, Coffey recounted the events of July 12
as follows, in pertinent part:
When we arrived at the house on Park St. we all went inside. The guy
[Hornsby] and the girl [Terri] started talking to each other. The girl was
upset. The girl was talking about snitching. I don't know what she was
talking about. I thought it was about the guy hitting her. I saw this guy grab
a glass beer mug and move towards the girl. I walked out of the house. I
went outside and took a leak in the yard. I then heard a woman scream. I
also heard a clump. It sounded like something hit something. I waited about
five minutes then went back inside the house. I saw the girl that had been
fighting with the guy laying near the TV in a pool of blood. She was face
down. The guy walked into the kitchen then he walked outside. Melissa
was standing in the bedroom looking at the girl on the floor. I turned and
went back outside.
In his second statement, given July 18, 2001, Coffey described the events as follows, in
pertinent part:
Last night I gave a statement to the Detectives and most of the
statement is true. I did some thinking last night and would now like to clear
up some things that I said and something's [sic] that I did not say to the
Detective.
I would also like to say that I never saw anyone actually hit Terri.
When I first arrived at the apartment earlier in the evening, I was told that
Terri and James had gotten into a fight. I do not know what the fight was
about. Later in the evening while we were all in Melissa's apartment, I
heard Terri and James to begin [sic] an argument. I was standing near the
front door. I felt that something bad was going to happen due to the way
Terri and James were involved in the argument. I then saw James to move
[sic] toward Terri in an angry manner and he had a beer mug in his right
hand. He was about to swing it toward Terri and I turned and quickly
walked out of the door into the yard. When I got outside I heard a sound of
someone being hit, a woman's scream, and then several other striking
sounds. I then did not hear anyone talking or any noises. I waited outside
for about four or five minutes. I walked back into the very small apartment
and saw that Terri was laying on the floor in the bedroom. Terri was laying
face down with her head near the TV set near the wall. I think her face was
turned to the left side. Terri was not moving and was bleeding a lot from
her head area. Laying next to Terri was an extension cord that was about
three feet long. The electrical extension cord had a male type plug on one
end and the other end looked like it had pulled apart from a lamp, fan or an
electrical appliance of some type. . . .
I recall that as we were traveling to Louisiana (James, Melissa, and
I), we were talking about what had happen [sic]. Melissa told me, "I
strangle [sic] Terri with the cord". I was surprised when she said that for
I did not know. Melissa said this in a bragging type of voice. James said,
"this felt kind of good, I have never done this before". James and Melissa
both were acting like they were proud of what they did.
At trial, Coffey offered the following account:
Q. Could you see James hitting Teri?
A. No. That was behind the corner of a wall.
Q. Did you actually see James hit Melissa with the mug?
Q. How do you know he hit her with the mug?
A. He went at her and then I heard a - I heard something - I heard a hit.
Q. What did it sound like?
A. A conking sound. Conk.
Q. How many hits did you hear?
A. At least six.
Q. What did you do?
A. I ran outside and hit the ground and I covered my head.
Q. What did you do next?
A. I stayed there. I didn't hear nothing. I heard Melissa say "Kevin."
And I said, "Yeah."
I was still outside on the ground. I got up and I walked to the door. That's
when I looked in and I seen that she had grabbed a cord and tried to strangle
her.
Q. Okay. And at that point what did you observe Melissa Frazier doing?
A. That's when I seen her. She had the cord around her neck.
Q. What was Ms. Frazier doing?
A. She had it held around her throat.
Q. How was Melissa acting during this time?
A. They both were acting kind of boastful about it.
Q. Boastful?
Q. Did Melissa, in particular, say anything?
A. "I strangled - I strangled her."
Q. When you mean "boastful," what do you mean?
A. Just kind of excited, like proud almost.
There are both consistencies and contradictions between Coffey's statements and his
trial testimony. As the trier of fact, the jury is the ultimate authority on the credibility of
witnesses and the weight to be given to their testimony and it is for the jury to resolve any
conflicts and inconsistencies in the evidence. See Thompson v. State, 12 S.W.3d 915, 924
(Tex. App.--Beaumont 2000, pet. ref'd)(citing Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art 38.04
(Vernon 1979); Penagraph v. State, 623 S.W.2d 341, 343 (Tex. Crim. App.1981); and
Bowden v. State, 628 S.W.2d 782, 784-85 (Tex. Crim. App.1982)). Viewing all of the
evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, we find any rational trier of fact could
have found the elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. See Ovalle v. State,
13 S.W.3d 774, 777 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000). Furthermore, a neutral review of all the
evidence, both for and against the jury's finding, does not demonstrate that the proof of
guilt is so obviously weak as to undermine confidence in the jury's determination, nor does
it demonstrate that the proof of guilt, although adequate if taken alone, is greatly
outweighed by contrary proof. See Johnson v. State, 23 S.W.3d 1, 11 (Tex. Crim. App.
2000). Accordingly, we find the evidence is both legally and factually sufficient to support
Frazier's conviction as a party to the offense. Issues one and two are overruled.
Issue three claims the trial court erred in entering a deadly weapon finding in the
judgment. We agree. Generally, an affirmative finding of a deadly weapon may be
entered when the (a) indictment alleges the use of a deadly weapon and the jury finds the
defendant guilty as charged in the indictment, (b) the weapon is deadly per se, (c) or the
jury affirmatively answers a special issue on the matter. See Lafleur v. State, 2003 WL
21184694, *2 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003) (not yet reported). The trial court did not submit
the deadly weapon question to the jury as a special issue. The weapon is not a deadly
weapon per se. Although the indictment expressly alleged Frazier used or exhibited a
deadly weapon, and the jury found her guilty "as charged in the indictment," the verdict
did not constitute an affirmative finding that Frazier personally used or exhibited a deadly
weapon because her conviction can only be sustained under law of the parties. See Taylor
v. State, 7 S.W.3d 732, 740 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1999, no pet.).
Furthermore, the jury's verdict did not constitute an affirmative finding Frazier was a party
to the use of a deadly weapon because the court's charge failed to require a finding that
Frazier knew a deadly weapon would be used or exhibited during the offense. See Howard
v. State, 966 S.W.2d 821, 829 (Tex. App.--Austin 1998, pet. ref'd).
There is a divergence of authority as to the remedy, if any, when the defendant is
subject to the same limitations on parole eligibility regardless of the deadly weapon
finding. Compare Jones v. State, 986 S.W.2d 358, 363-64 (Tex. App.--Beaumont 1999,
pet. ref'd); Taylor, 7 S.W.3d at 741; and Patterson v. State, 950 S.W.2d 196 (Tex. App.
--Dallas 1997, pet. ref'd), with Gilbert v. State, 2002 WL 1877173 (Tex. App.--Beaumont
2002, no pet.) (not designated for publication); and Barnes v. State, 56 S.W.3d 221, 240
(Tex. App.--Fort Worth 2001, pet. ref'd). We do not disagree with the necessity of
conducting a proper harm analysis when it must be determined if there is sufficient cause
for reversal of an appellant's conviction. See Gonzales v. State, 994 S.W.2d 170, 171-72
(Tex. Crim. App. 1999); and Tex. R. App. P. 44.2. However where, as in the case at bar,
the relief sought is not reversal but reformation of the trial court's judgment to delete that
which the trial court had no authority to find, we determine it is the better practice to
correct the error so that the judgment accurately reflects the jury's findings. Accordingly,
issue three is sustained.
We reform the judgment so as to delete the affirmative finding of the use of a deadly
weapon and affirm the judgment as reformed.
AFFIRMED AS REFORMED.
________________________________
DON BURGESS
Justice
Submitted on June 11, 2003
Opinion Delivered July 30, 2003
Publish
Before McKeithen, C.J., Burgess, and Gaultney, JJ.
1. The charge error has not been presented on appeal. Therefore, we do not address
the issue but note that under the authority of Chatman v. State, 846 S.W.2d 329, 332 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1993), and Marvis v. State, 36 S.W.3d 878, 880 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001), the
charge was clearly erroneous and the error reversible.
2.
Malik v. State, 953 S.W.2d 234 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993).
3.
Thus, under current law, we review the sufficiency of the evidence to support the
defendant's conviction as a party to the offense when not only was she never indicted as
a party, but the jury was never instructed it could convict her as one.
4.
In exchange for dropping the charge from murder to tampering with evidence,
Coffey agreed to testify for the State and plead guilty to the lesser offense, which carries
a punishment range of two to ten years in prison.
5.
The trial court's charge to the jury which permitted the jury to determine whether
Coffey was an accomplice as a question of fact is therefore clearly erroneous. See Herron,
86 S.W.3d at 631. We do not address the issue as the error has not been presented on
appeal.
6.
Frazier did not testify at trial.