NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MAR 18 2025 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
FLOR DEL CARMEN MELGAR- No. 24-2225 MELGAR; JHONY JAIRO PEREZ- Agency Nos. NAJARRO; SAIRA SAHURI PEREZ- A220-309-653 MELGAR, A220-309-654 A220-309-655 Petitioners,
v. MEMORANDUM*
PAMELA BONDI, Attorney General,
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted March 7, 2025** San Francisco, California
Before: WARDLAW, PAEZ, and BEA, Circuit Judges.
Flor Del Carmen Melgar-Melgar (“Melgar”), Jhony Jairo Perez-Najarro
(“Perez”), and their minor child (collectively, “Petitioners”), natives and citizens of
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). El Salvador, petition for review of the decision of the Board of Immigration
Appeals (“BIA”) dismissing Petitioners’ appeal from an order of the Immigration
Judge (“IJ”) denying their applications for asylum and withholding of removal.1
The parties are familiar with the facts, so we recount them only as necessary. We
have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1), and we deny the petition.
Perez claimed past and future persecution by gangs on account of his
membership in a particular social group defined as “Salvadoran individuals who
receive remittances from the United States.” Melgar claimed past and future
persecution by gangs on account of her membership in a particular social group
defined as “the immediate family of Jhony Jairo [Perez].”2
We review the BIA’s decision “and those parts of the IJ’s decision that the
BIA expressly adopted.” Umana-Escobar v. Garland, 69 F.4th 544, 550 (9th Cir.
2023) (citing Garcia v. Wilkinson, 988 F.3d 1136, 1142 (9th Cir. 2021)). Factual
determinations are reviewed for substantial evidence and legal determinations de
novo. Id.
1. Denial of the motion to continue. We review the denial of a motion to
1 The BIA found that Petitioners waived their challenge to the IJ’s denial of protection under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”), and Petitioners do not challenge that finding here. Accordingly, Petitioners have waived their CAT claims. See Lopez-Vasquez v. Holder, 706 F.3d 1072, 1079–80 (9th Cir. 2013). 2 Petitioners asserted they were persecuted on account of their political opinion, but they have since abandoned those claims on appeal.
2 24-2225 continue for abuse of discretion. Garcia v. Lynch, 798 F.3d 876, 881 (9th Cir.
2015), abrogated on other grounds by Coria v. Garland, 114 F.4th 994 (9th Cir.
2024). A continuance may be granted when “good cause” is shown, and the denial
of a continuance “will not be overturned except on a showing of clear abuse.” Id.
(first quoting 8 C.F.R. § 1003.29; and then quoting Sandoval-Luna v. Mukasey,
526 F.3d 1243, 1247 (9th Cir. 2008)).
The BIA did not abuse its discretion when it found that the IJ did not err in
denying Petitioners’ request for a continuance. Petitioners argue that the IJ did not
apply the good cause standard, and that counsel’s personal emergency and
technical difficulties justified a continuance. Not so. First, the IJ applied the good
cause standard. Second, Petitioners were not prevented from submitting evidence.
Petitioners’ counsel stated that a continuance would allow him to present legal
“argument,” not additional evidence. Third, Petitioners previously received a
continuance. Fourth, regarding the Petitioners’ technical difficulties, the IJ
suggested that Petitioners could resolve them by appearing in-person at the
immigration courthouse, which was half a block away from counsel’s office. But
counsel chose not to do so. Nonetheless, the IJ did offer to continue the hearing
for a week, but Petitioners’ counsel refused. Finally, Petitioners’ counsel
represented that his own personal circumstances would not affect his ability to
represent Petitioners. Accordingly, the agency did not abuse its discretion in
3 24-2225 denying Petitioners’ motion to continue.
2. Due Process. Allegations of due process violations are reviewed de novo.
Benedicto v. Garland, 12 F.4th 1049, 1058 (9th Cir. 2021). To bring a viable due
process claim, Petitioners must show: (1) that they were “prevented from
reasonably presenting his [or her] case,” and (2) that they were prejudiced,
meaning that “the outcome of the proceeding may have been affected by the
alleged violation.” Ibarra-Flores v. Gonzalez, 439 F.3d 614, 620–21 (9th Cir.
2006) (citations omitted). A “violation of rights” must exist to sustain a due
process claim. Padilla-Martinez v. Holder, 770 F.3d 825, 830 (9th Cir. 2014).
Petitioners argue three separate due process violations infringed on their right to a
full and fair hearing. But none holds merit.
First, Petitioners argue that the denial of their request to remove their
proceedings from the “Dedicated Docket”3 violated their due process rights.4 The
record does not suggest that Petitioners were prevented from presenting their
claims. Even if Petitioners were placed on the Dedicated Docket “suddenly and
without advance notice leaving Petitioners incapable of submitting evidence prior
3 Cases on the “Dedicated Docket” are fast tracked with the goal that cases are completed “within 300 days after the initial master calendar hearing.” 4 Petitioners also assert an equal protection claim that “Salvadorans remained on the Dedicated Docket subjected to expedited treatment while Nicaraguans and other nationalities were taken off without notice.” But Petitioners do not present facts nor cite case law substantiating this claim. Thus, Petitioners have waived this argument. Greenwood v. FAA, 28 F.3d 971, 977 (9th Cir. 1994).
4 24-2225 to the individual hearing,” the IJ previously granted Petitioners a four-month
continuance to gather evidence, which Petitioners used to do so. Thus, Petitioners
failed to assert a viable due process claim regarding the Dedicated Docket because
they suffered no prejudice.
Second, Petitioners argue that technical difficulties and translation errors
resulted in a due process violation. Petitioners have due process rights to
competent translation services. Kotasz v. INS, 31 F.3d 847, 850 n.2 (9th Cir.
1994). But to demonstrate prejudice, they must show that “a better translation
would have made a difference in the outcome of the hearing.” Id. (quoting
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NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MAR 18 2025 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
FLOR DEL CARMEN MELGAR- No. 24-2225 MELGAR; JHONY JAIRO PEREZ- Agency Nos. NAJARRO; SAIRA SAHURI PEREZ- A220-309-653 MELGAR, A220-309-654 A220-309-655 Petitioners,
v. MEMORANDUM*
PAMELA BONDI, Attorney General,
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted March 7, 2025** San Francisco, California
Before: WARDLAW, PAEZ, and BEA, Circuit Judges.
Flor Del Carmen Melgar-Melgar (“Melgar”), Jhony Jairo Perez-Najarro
(“Perez”), and their minor child (collectively, “Petitioners”), natives and citizens of
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). El Salvador, petition for review of the decision of the Board of Immigration
Appeals (“BIA”) dismissing Petitioners’ appeal from an order of the Immigration
Judge (“IJ”) denying their applications for asylum and withholding of removal.1
The parties are familiar with the facts, so we recount them only as necessary. We
have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1), and we deny the petition.
Perez claimed past and future persecution by gangs on account of his
membership in a particular social group defined as “Salvadoran individuals who
receive remittances from the United States.” Melgar claimed past and future
persecution by gangs on account of her membership in a particular social group
defined as “the immediate family of Jhony Jairo [Perez].”2
We review the BIA’s decision “and those parts of the IJ’s decision that the
BIA expressly adopted.” Umana-Escobar v. Garland, 69 F.4th 544, 550 (9th Cir.
2023) (citing Garcia v. Wilkinson, 988 F.3d 1136, 1142 (9th Cir. 2021)). Factual
determinations are reviewed for substantial evidence and legal determinations de
novo. Id.
1. Denial of the motion to continue. We review the denial of a motion to
1 The BIA found that Petitioners waived their challenge to the IJ’s denial of protection under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”), and Petitioners do not challenge that finding here. Accordingly, Petitioners have waived their CAT claims. See Lopez-Vasquez v. Holder, 706 F.3d 1072, 1079–80 (9th Cir. 2013). 2 Petitioners asserted they were persecuted on account of their political opinion, but they have since abandoned those claims on appeal.
2 24-2225 continue for abuse of discretion. Garcia v. Lynch, 798 F.3d 876, 881 (9th Cir.
2015), abrogated on other grounds by Coria v. Garland, 114 F.4th 994 (9th Cir.
2024). A continuance may be granted when “good cause” is shown, and the denial
of a continuance “will not be overturned except on a showing of clear abuse.” Id.
(first quoting 8 C.F.R. § 1003.29; and then quoting Sandoval-Luna v. Mukasey,
526 F.3d 1243, 1247 (9th Cir. 2008)).
The BIA did not abuse its discretion when it found that the IJ did not err in
denying Petitioners’ request for a continuance. Petitioners argue that the IJ did not
apply the good cause standard, and that counsel’s personal emergency and
technical difficulties justified a continuance. Not so. First, the IJ applied the good
cause standard. Second, Petitioners were not prevented from submitting evidence.
Petitioners’ counsel stated that a continuance would allow him to present legal
“argument,” not additional evidence. Third, Petitioners previously received a
continuance. Fourth, regarding the Petitioners’ technical difficulties, the IJ
suggested that Petitioners could resolve them by appearing in-person at the
immigration courthouse, which was half a block away from counsel’s office. But
counsel chose not to do so. Nonetheless, the IJ did offer to continue the hearing
for a week, but Petitioners’ counsel refused. Finally, Petitioners’ counsel
represented that his own personal circumstances would not affect his ability to
represent Petitioners. Accordingly, the agency did not abuse its discretion in
3 24-2225 denying Petitioners’ motion to continue.
2. Due Process. Allegations of due process violations are reviewed de novo.
Benedicto v. Garland, 12 F.4th 1049, 1058 (9th Cir. 2021). To bring a viable due
process claim, Petitioners must show: (1) that they were “prevented from
reasonably presenting his [or her] case,” and (2) that they were prejudiced,
meaning that “the outcome of the proceeding may have been affected by the
alleged violation.” Ibarra-Flores v. Gonzalez, 439 F.3d 614, 620–21 (9th Cir.
2006) (citations omitted). A “violation of rights” must exist to sustain a due
process claim. Padilla-Martinez v. Holder, 770 F.3d 825, 830 (9th Cir. 2014).
Petitioners argue three separate due process violations infringed on their right to a
full and fair hearing. But none holds merit.
First, Petitioners argue that the denial of their request to remove their
proceedings from the “Dedicated Docket”3 violated their due process rights.4 The
record does not suggest that Petitioners were prevented from presenting their
claims. Even if Petitioners were placed on the Dedicated Docket “suddenly and
without advance notice leaving Petitioners incapable of submitting evidence prior
3 Cases on the “Dedicated Docket” are fast tracked with the goal that cases are completed “within 300 days after the initial master calendar hearing.” 4 Petitioners also assert an equal protection claim that “Salvadorans remained on the Dedicated Docket subjected to expedited treatment while Nicaraguans and other nationalities were taken off without notice.” But Petitioners do not present facts nor cite case law substantiating this claim. Thus, Petitioners have waived this argument. Greenwood v. FAA, 28 F.3d 971, 977 (9th Cir. 1994).
4 24-2225 to the individual hearing,” the IJ previously granted Petitioners a four-month
continuance to gather evidence, which Petitioners used to do so. Thus, Petitioners
failed to assert a viable due process claim regarding the Dedicated Docket because
they suffered no prejudice.
Second, Petitioners argue that technical difficulties and translation errors
resulted in a due process violation. Petitioners have due process rights to
competent translation services. Kotasz v. INS, 31 F.3d 847, 850 n.2 (9th Cir.
1994). But to demonstrate prejudice, they must show that “a better translation
would have made a difference in the outcome of the hearing.” Id. (quoting
Acewicz v. INS, 984 F.2d 1056, 1063 (9th Cir. 1993)). Here, Petitioners fail to
make such a showing. The interpreter asked Petitioners to repeat their responses
when he needed to clarify their testimony, and the interpreter noted that it was
“easy to clarify” confusion. Moreover, Petitioners do not identify any instances in
the record of specific translation errors or technical glitches that affected the
fairness of the proceeding. Because Petitioners failed to demonstrate that “defects
in translation prejudiced the outcome of the hearing,” Petitioners’ due process
claim related to these issues fails. Aden v. Holder, 589 F.3d 1040, 1047 (9th Cir.
2009).
Third, Petitioners argue they were deprived of their right to counsel. They
argue that the IJ “actively kept Petitioners’ attorney from consulting his file and
5 24-2225 case notes during testimony,” that their counsel should have been allowed to
“consult[] with his Spanish speaking staff and his file in order to make proper
objections to the translation and to track where the technical issues were affecting
Petitioners’ credibility,” and that the IJ’s “admonishment of normal attorney
behavior . . . unduly interfered with Petitioners’ right to be represented in the
proceedings.” None of these arguments demonstrate prejudice.
The IJ believed that counsel’s assistant “was aiding [Petitioners] during their
testimony as [they] were frequently observed looking away from the camera,” and
the IJ instructed counsel not to talk to anybody else during the hearing. But, even
if it were improper for the IJ to prevent Petitioners’ attorney from speaking to his
Spanish speaking staff, Petitioners have not pointed to any instance in the record in
which a translation error may have affected the outcome of the proceeding.
Accordingly, Petitioners have not demonstrated the requisite prejudice to state a
due process claim.
3. Adverse Credibility. We review adverse credibility determinations for
substantial evidence. Shrestha v. Holder, 590 F.3d 1034, 1039 (9th Cir. 2010).
“[O]nly the most extraordinary circumstances will justify overturning an adverse
credibility determination.” Id. at 1041 (quoting Jibril v. Gonzales, 423 F.3d 1129,
1138 n.1 (9th Cir. 2005)). The agency must “provide specific and cogent reasons
in support of an adverse credibility determination,” and it must refer to “specific
6 24-2225 instances in the record.” Id. at 1044 (citation omitted). Trivial or minor errors
should not be considered, but “minor inconsistencies, when aggregated or when
viewed in light of the total circumstances, may undermine credibility.” Id. at
1043–44, 1043 n.4. Substantial evidence supports the BIA’s finding that both
Melgar’s testimony and Perez’s testimony were not credible.
The BIA identified material internal inconsistencies between Melgar’s
testimony and her declaration. First, in Melgar’s written declaration, Melgar
provided details and timelines of when and where specific gang threats against
Perez occurred. But Melgar testified that she did not know when and where the
gang threats occurred. Nor could she explain why, notwithstanding her lack of
knowledge, these details were in her written declaration. Second, Melgar’s
testimony was inconsistent regarding whether the threats against Perez were
reported to the police. Melgar’s written declaration stated that Perez filed a police
report at her insistence, but she testified that “[b]ecause of fear, we did not go [to
the police].” Though Melgar now argues that this testimony “accurately
represented the inconsistency of the family deciding whether or not to report the
persecution to the police,”5 substantial evidence supports the agency’s finding that
5 Melgar also argues that there was either a translation error or glitch in the technology which led to this inconsistency in Melgar’s testimony. But Petitioners’ counsel did not object to the translation, nor do Petitioners proffer on appeal what the correct translation should have been.
7 24-2225 Melgar was not a credible witness.
Similarly, the BIA found material inconsistencies within Perez’s testimony.
Perez testified that he was not threatened in El Callejon, but that contradicted the
police report he filed, which stated that he was threatened in El Callejon.
Additionally, the agency found it “implausible” that gangs would look for Perez at
his sister’s house a two-and-a-half-hour drive away but never look for him at his
own house. It was not error for the agency to make such a “common sense”
adverse credibility finding. Lalayan v. Garland, 4 F.4th 822, 835 (9th Cir. 2021).
Moreover, the agency permissibly found that Perez was evasive and non-
responsive in portions of his testimony. Perez was evasive when asked about the
neighbor who witnessed the alleged gang threats. Taken with Perez’s inconsistent
testimony, there is substantial evidence in the record to support the agency’s
finding that Perez was not a credible witness.
Absent Petitioners’ discredited testimony, there is no independent
corroborative evidence that establishes their eligibility for asylum or withholding
of removal. See Wang v. Sessions, 861 F.3d 1003, 1009 (9th Cir. 2017).
Accordingly, substantial evidence supports the agency’s denials of asylum and
withholding of removal.
PETITION DENIED.
8 24-2225