Slip Op. 23-53
UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
MEIHUA GROUP INTERNATIONAL TRADING (HONG KONG) LIMITED and XINJIANG MEIHUA AMINO ACID CO., LTD.,
Plaintiffs,
and
DEOSEN BIOCHEMICAL Before: Jennifer Choe-Groves, Judge (ORDOS) LTD., DEOSEN BIOCHEMICAL LTD., and Consol. Court No. 22-00069 JIANLONG BIOTECHNOLOGY COMPANY, LTD.,
Consolidated Plaintiffs,
v.
UNITED STATES,
Defendant.
OPINION AND ORDER
[Remanding the final results of the U.S. Department of Commerce, following the final determination in the antidumping duty investigation of xanthan gum from the People’s Republic of China.]
Dated: April 19, 2023 Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 2
Mark B. Lehnardt, Law Offices of David L. Simon, PLLC, of Washington, D.C., for Plaintiffs Meihua Group International Trading (Hong Kong) Limited and Xinjiang Meihua Amino Acid Co., Ltd.
Chunlian (Lian) Yang, and Lucas Querioz Pires, Alston & Bird LLP, of Washington, D.C., for Consolidated Plaintiffs Deosen Biochemical (Ordos) Ltd. and Deosen Biochemical Ltd.
Robert G. Gosselink, Jonathan M. Freed, and Kenneth N. Hammer, Trade Pacific PLLC, of Washington, D.C., for Consolidated Plaintiff Jianlong Biotechnology Company, Ltd.
Tara K. Hogan, Assistant Director, and Kelly A. Krystyniak, Trial Attorney, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, U.S. Department of Justice, of Washington, D.C., for Defendant United States. With them on the brief were Brian M. Boynton, Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General, and Patricia M. McCarthy, Director. Of Counsel was Spencer Neff, Attorney, Office of the Chief Counsel for Trade Enforcement and Compliance, U.S. Department of Commerce.
Choe-Groves, Judge: This action concerns the import of xanthan gum from
the People’s Republic of China (“China”), subject to the administrative
determination by the U.S. Department of Commerce (“Commerce”) in Xanthan
Gum From the People’s Republic of China (“Final Results”), 87 Fed. Reg. 7104
(Dep’t of Commerce Feb. 8, 2022) (final results of antidumping duty
administrative review and final determination of no shipments; 2019–2021); see
also Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Results of the 2019-2020
Antidumping Duty Administrative Review of Xanthan Gum from the People’s
Republic of China (“Final IDM”), ECF No. 23-3. Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 3
Meihua Group International Trading (Hong Kong) Limited and Xinjiang
Meihua Amino Acid Co., Ltd. (collectively, “Meihua”) challenge Commerce’s
Final Results in its Motion of Meihua Group International Trading (Hong Kong)
Limited and Xinjiang Meihua Amino Acid Co., Ltd., for Judgment on the Agency
Record and the Memorandum of Meihua Group International Trading (Hong
Kong) Limited and Xinjiang Meihua Amino Acid Co., Ltd., in Support of its
Motion for Judgement upon the Agency Record. Pls.’ Mot. J. Agency R., ECF No.
30-2; Mem. Pls.’ Supp. Mot. J. Agency R. (“Pls.’ Br.”), ECF Nos. 30-4, 31.
Consolidated Plaintiff Jianlong Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (“Jianlong”) contests
Commerce’s Final Results in Consolidated Plaintiff’s Rule 56.2 Motion for
Judgement upon the Agency Record and Memorandum in Support of the Rule 56.2
Motion of Consolidated Plaintiff Jianlong Biotechnology Co. Ltd., for Judgment
upon the Agency Record. Consol. Pl.’s R. 56.2 Mot. J. Agency R., ECF Nos. 27,
28; and Mem. Supp. Consol. Pl.’s R. 56.2 Mot. J. Agency R. (“Jianlong’s Br.”),
ECF Nos. 27-2, 28-2. Deosen Chemical (Ordos) Ltd. and Deosen Biochemical
Ltd. (collectively, “Deosen”) challenge Commerce’s Final Results in Consolidated
Plaintiff Deosen’s Motion for Summary Judgment on the Agency Record and
Consolidated Plaintiff Deosen’s Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Support
of its Motion for Summary Judgment on the Agency Record. Consol. Pl.’s R. 56.2
Mot. J. Agency R. (“Deosen’s Br.”), ECF No. 32. Defendant United States Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 4
(“Defendant”) filed Defendant’s Response to Plaintiffs’ and Plaintiff-Intervenors’
Motions for Judgment Upon the Agency Record.1 Def.’s Resp. Br. Opp’n Pls.’ R.
56.2 Mots. J. Agency R. (“Def.’s Resp. Br.”), ECF Nos. 35, 36.2 Meihua,
Jianlong, and Deosen filed reply briefs. See Pl.’s Reply Br. Supp. R. 56.2 Mot. J.
Agency R. (“Meihua’s Reply”), ECF Nos. 41, 42; Consol. Pl.’s Reply Br.
(“Jianlong’s Reply”), ECF No. 39; Consol. Pl.’s Reply Supp. Mot. Summary J.
Agency R. (“Deosen’s Reply”), ECF No. 40.
For the reasons discussed below, the Court remands Commerce’s Final
Results.
ISSUES PRESENTED
The Court reviews the following issues:
1. Whether Commerce’s application of facts otherwise available to
Meihua was in accordance with the law and supported by substantial
evidence;
1 Defendant incorrectly identified Consolidated Plaintiffs Deosen Biochemical (Ordos) Ltd., Deosen Biochemical Ltd., and Jianlong Biotechnology Company, Ltd. as Plaintiff-Intervenors. 2 Plaintiffs Meihua Group International Trading (Hong Kong) Limited and Xinjiang Meihua Amino Acid Co., Ltd. submitted Plaintiffs’ Unopposed Motion for Oral Argument, ECF No. 43, which was granted by the Court. See Order, ECF No. 46. Because some of the Parties were unavailable for a substantial period of time, the Court decides this case without oral argument. Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 5
2. Whether failure to exhaust administrative remedies prevents
Jianlong’s arguments before the Court;
3. Whether Commerce’s application of the separate rate to Jianlong and
Deosen was supported by substantial evidence and in accordance with
the law; and
4. Whether Commerce’s determination not to rescind Deosen’s review
was supported by substantial evidence.
PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On July 19, 2013, Commerce published an antidumping duty order on
xanthan gum from China. Xanthan Gum From the People’s Republic of China, 78
Fed. Reg. 43,143 (Dep’t of Commerce July 19, 2013) (amended final
determination of sales at less than fair value and antidumping duty order).
Commerce published a notice of opportunity to request an administrative review of
the antidumping duty order on xanthan gum from China for the period of July 1,
2019 through June 30, 2020. Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Order, Finding,
or Suspended Investigation, 85 Fed. Reg. 39,531 (Dep’t of Commerce July 1,
2020) (opportunity to request administrative review). Commerce initiated an
administrative review of the antidumping duty order Xanthan Gum From the
People’s Republic of China. Initiation of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 6
Administrative Reviews (“Initiation Notice”), 85 Fed. Reg. 54,983, 54,990 (Dep’t
of Commerce Sep. 3, 2020).
Commerce received requests for reviews of several companies and selected
Neimenggu Fufeng Biotechnologies Co., Ltd., Xinjiang Fufeng Biotechnologies
Co., Ltd., and Shandong Fufeng Fermentation Co., Ltd. (collectively, “Fufeng”),
and Meihua Group International Trading (Hong Kong) Limited, Langfang Meihua
BioTechnology Co., Ltd., and Xinjiang Meihua Amino Acid Co., Ltd. for review.
Memo From USDOC to Office Director Pertaining to Interested Parties
Respondent Selection, PR 39.3 Commerce explained that because Commerce
treated Deosen Chemical (Ordos), Ltd. and Deosen Biochemical Ltd. as a single
entity during the investigation, it would continue to do so in the 2019–2020
administrative review. Id. at 2 n.5. Commerce published its Seventh Antidumping
Duty Administrative Review of Xanthan Gum from the People’s Republic of
China: Preliminary Application of Adverse Facts Available to Meihua on July 30,
2021. Seventh Antidumping Duty Administrative Review of Xanthan Gum from
the People’s Republic of China: Preliminary Application of Adverse Facts
Available to Meihua (“AFA Memo”), PR 285. Commerce published its
preliminary results and accompanying issues and decision memorandum on August
3 Citations to the administrative record reflect the public administrative record (“PR”) document numbers. ECF No. 45. Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 7
5, 2021. Xanthan Gum From the People’s Republic of China, 86 Fed. Reg. 42,781
(Dep’t of Commerce Aug. 5, 2021) (preliminary results of the antidumping duty
administrative review, partial recission of the antidumping duty administrative
review, and preliminary determination of no shipments; 2019–2020); see also
Decision Memorandum for the Preliminary Results of the Seventh Antidumping
Duty Administrative Review of Xanthan Gum from the People’s Republic of
China, PR 278. Meihua and Deosen filed administrative case briefs. Brief From
Craven Trade Law LLC to Sec of Commerce Pertaining to Meihua (“Meihua’s
Admin. Case Br.”), PR 294; Brief from Alston & Bird, LLP to Sec of Commerce
Pertaining to Deosen (“Deosen’s Admin. Case Br.”), PR 293. Jianlong did not file
an administrative case brief. Commerce issued its Final Results and Final IDM on
February 8, 2022. Final Results, 87 Fed. Reg. 7104; Final IDM. Commerce
determined that Meihua provided inaccurate data and withheld information, and
Commerce applied an adverse inference when selecting from facts otherwise
available on the record to determine Meihua’s dumping margin. Final IDM at 11–
16. Commerce assigned a dumping margin to separate rate companies not
individually investigated (collectively, “Separate Rate Respondents”) (including
Deosen and Jianlong) of 77.04%, based on the simple average of the alternative
facts available rate of 154.07% assigned to Meihua and the 0% rate assigned to
Fufeng. Final Results, 87 Fed. Reg. at 7105. Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 8
JURISDICTION AND STANDARD OF REVIEW
The Court has jurisdiction pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(a)(2)(B)(iii) and
28 U.S.C. § 1581(c), which grant the Court authority to review actions contesting
the final results of an administrative review of a countervailing duty order. The
Court shall hold unlawful any determination found to be unsupported by
substantial evidence on the record or otherwise not in accordance with the law. 19
U.S.C. § 1516a(b)(1)(B)(i).
DISCUSSION
I. Commerce’s Application of Facts Otherwise Available to Meihua
Section 776 of the Tariff Act provides that if “necessary information is not
available on the record” or if a respondent “fails to provide such information by the
deadlines for submission of the information or in the form and manner requested,”
then the agency shall “use the facts otherwise available in reaching” its
determination. 19 U.S.C. § 1677e(a)(1), (a)(2)(B). If Commerce determines that a
response is deficient, 19 U.S.C. § 1677e(a)(1) permits Commerce to select from
facts otherwise available if necessary information is missing from the record. 19
U.S.C. § 1677e(a)(2) permits Commerce to select from facts otherwise available if
an interested party (A) withholds information, (B) fails to provide such information
by the deadlines for submission, or in the form and manner requested, (C) Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 9
significantly impedes a proceeding, or (D) provides such information but the
information cannot be verified. 19 U.S.C. § 1677e(a)(2).
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (“CAFC”) has interpreted
19 U.S.C. § 1677e(a)(1) and (a)(2)(B) to have different purposes. See Mueller
Comercial de Mexico, S. de R.L. De C.V. v. United States, 753 F.3d 1227, 1232
(Fed. Cir. 2014). Subsection (a) applies “whether or not any party has failed to
cooperate fully with the agency in its inquiry.” Id. (citing Zhejiang DunAn Hetian
Metal Co. v. United States, 652 F.3d 1333, 1346 (Fed. Cir. 2011)). Subsection (b)
applies only when the Department makes a separate determination that the
respondent failed to cooperate “by not acting to the best of its ability.” Id. (quoting
Nippon Steel Corp. v. United States, 337 F.3d 1373, 1381 (Fed. Cir. 2003)).
When determining whether a respondent has complied to the “best of its
ability,” Commerce “assess[es] whether [a] respondent has put forth its maximum
effort to provide Commerce with full and complete answers to all inquiries in an
investigation.” Nippon Steel, 337 F.3d at 1382. This determination requires both
an objective and subjective showing. Id. at 1382–83. First, Commerce must
determine objectively “that a reasonable and responsible importer would have
known that the requested information was required to be kept and maintained
under the applicable statutes, rules, and regulations.” Id. (citing Ta Chen Stainless
Steel Pipe, Inc. v. United States, 298 F.3d 1330, 1336 (Fed. Cir. 2002)). Next, Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 10
Commerce must demonstrate subjectively that the respondent’s “failure to fully
respond is the result of the respondent’s lack of cooperation in either: (a) failing to
keep and maintain all required records, or (b) failing to put forth its maximum
efforts to investigate and obtain the requested information from its records.” Id. at
1382–83. Adverse inferences are not warranted “merely from a failure to
respond,” but rather in instances in which the Department reasonably expected that
“more forthcoming responses should have been made.” Id. at 1383. “The
statutory trigger for Commerce’s consideration of an adverse inference is simply a
failure to cooperate to the best of respondent’s ability, regardless of motivation or
intent.” Id.
Meihua argues that Commerce’s use of facts otherwise available should be
remanded because Commerce’s determination is not supported by substantial
evidence and is not in accordance with the law. Pls.’ Br. at 19–20. Meihua
contends that it did not withhold information requested by Commerce, that it
timely submitted all information requested by Commerce, and that its submission
of incorrect information did not call into question the reliability of the information
reported by Meihua. Id. In the alternative, Meihua asserts that even if
Commerce’s determination that the application of an adverse inference to Meihua
was justified, “its decision to apply total [alternative facts available] was not.” Id.
at 19. Meihua contends that it cooperated to the best of its ability and that Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 11
Commerce failed to conduct the statutorily required evaluation of circumstances
leading to its use of alternative facts available. Id.
Defendant argues that Commerce’s determination that there is a “gap in the
record based on Meihua’s failure to report accurate information” regarding United
States sales is supported by substantial evidence and in accordance with the law
because Meihua knowingly reported inaccurate information that was vital to
Commerce’s calculation of a U.S. price, and thus Commerce’s ultimate duty rate
calculation. Def.’s Resp. Br. at 12–13. Defendant asserts that “by failing to
provide Commerce with [necessary information], Meihua withheld information
requested by Commerce, failed to provide that information for the deadline
established by Commerce, and—by significantly impeding Commerce’s
proceeding—Meihua’s [sic] created a gap in the record that Commerce needed to
fill by reliance on facts otherwise available pursuant to 19 U.S.C.
§ 1677e(a)(2)(A)–(C).” Id. at 13 (citing Final IDM at 14).
Commerce’s Section C Questionnaire requested information about amounts
of duties paid: “Field Number 29.0: U.S. Customs Duty . . . Description: If terms
of sale included this charge, report the unit amount of any customs duty paid on the
merchandise under consideration. . . . Narrative: Describe how you calculated the
unit cost of U.S. customs duties and customs fees, and include your worksheets as
attachments to the narrative response.” Letter from USDOC to Grunfeld, Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 12
Desiderio Pertaining to Meihua Questionnaire; Appendix VIII, Appendix VII,
Appendix X (“Section C Questionnaire”) at C-19–C-20, PR 44–47. Meihua
contends that it provided the information requested by Commerce when Meihua
submitted calculations of the unit amounts of customs duty paid, including the
amounts of Harbor Maintenance Tax, Merchandise Processing Fee, and ordinary
duty due at the time of entry. Pls.’ Br. at 8. Meihua asserts that it also provided
Section 301 duties paid by Meihua and explained its methodology for reporting the
Section 301 duties as follows:
[B]ecause in the accounting system of Meihua Hong Kong, there is [not] any sub-account to catch these duties (the Section 301 duty, the normal duty, ocean freight and ocean insurance expense as well as [Merchandise Processing Fee/Harbor Maintenance Tax] expenses are deducted from the gross sales revenue to arrive at a net sales revenue). In other words, because of the terms of sale, Meihua began with the sale price and backed out customs duties, 301 duties, ocean freight and insurance, and [Merchandise Processing Fee/Harbor Maintenance Tax] to arrive at the net sales price. . . .
Meihua reported the actual amounts paid to [Customs] upon entry of the merchandise for regular customs duties, [Harbor Maintenance Tax], and [Merchandise Processing Fee]—not any more or less. . . . Meihua had not paid, or been refunded, any amounts; and the amounts it would eventually need to pay or that it would be reimbursed were not final. There was no other number that Meihua could report.
Id. at 8–9 (citing Response from Craven Trade Law LLC to Sec of Commerce
Pertaining to Meihua Sec C QR (“Meihua’s Section C Questionnaire Response”) at
C-48, C-31, Exhibit C-5, PR 71–74; Letter from Craven Trade Law LLC to Sec of Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 13
Commerce Pertaining to Meihua Rebuttal to Pre-Prelim Cmts, PR 274; Meihua’s
Admin. Case Br. at 9–13).
Approximately three months prior to filing Meihua’s Section C
Questionnaire Response, Meihua filed a document with the U.S. Department of
Customs and Border Protection (“Customs”) containing certain information that
arguably differed from the information in Meihua’s Section C Questionnaire
Response (specific differences included the identity of the consignee provided to
Customs as well as information related to Meihua’s methodology for reporting to
Customs entered values for certain sales). Id. at 5–6, 10. Meihua explained that it
“reported to [Customs] all the errors it had found, but stated that it would perfect
(or complete) the disclosure in near the future.” Id. at 6. Meihua did not initially
report the corrected information regarding entered values to Commerce, but in
supplemental filings to Commerce, Meihua provided the documents that Meihua
had submitted previously to Customs regarding these corrections to information
about consignees and reported value for certain sales.
Meihua contends that the information initially provided to Commerce was
accurate and answered Commerce’s specific question about “duties paid” to
Customs. Meihua argues that it accurately “reported the actual amounts paid” to
Customs upon entry, and that “the amounts it would eventually need to pay or that
it would be reimbursed were not final” due to ongoing Section 301 exclusion Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 14
requests. Id. at 9. Notably, Meihua asserts that “Commerce provided no indication
that it believed Meihua’s submissions were deficient in any way.” Id. at 11.
Meihua contends that it first learned of any purported deficiency when it received
the AFA Memo on July 30, 2021:
Meihua was flabbergasted. . . . Commerce hadn’t seemed to disagree that the information was not relevant to the calculation of duties, and Commerce certainly hadn’t pointed out a deficiency and provided Meihua an opportunity to remedy a deficiency.
Id. at 14.
Defendant does not dispute that Commerce failed to provide notice of a
deficiency, instead blaming Meihua for Commerce’s lack of knowledge:
Meihua could have alerted Commerce to the fact that its reported sales were under revision, giving Commerce an opportunity to recognize the deficiency in Meihua’s reporting, potentially issue further supplemental questionnaire(s), and adjust its calculations accordingly.”
Def.’s Resp. Br. at 14. Commerce determined that:
Meihua withheld relevant information about these adjustments and failed to disclose certain information concerning the documentation for these reported sales. Meihua was aware that the duties and entered values that it reported to Commerce were incorrect at the time it filed its Section C Questionnaire Response and should have informed Commerce about the inaccuracy of the sales adjustments and other relevant information about the sales at issue early in the proceeding. Meihua’s actions call into question the reliability of its reported sales information and prevented Commerce (and interested parties) from fully analyzing and commenting on Meihua’s sales data and calculating an accurate dumping margin. Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 15
Final IDM at 11. Commerce determined that Meihua’s dumping margin should be
based on facts otherwise available because:
(1) Information necessary to calculate an accurate dumping margin for Meihua is not available on the record; (2) Meihua did not fully disclose information regarding the U.S. sales data that it reported and thus, in that sense, it withheld information that had been requested; (3) Meihua failed to provide information within the deadlines established, or in the form and manner requested by Commerce; and (4) Meihua significantly impeded this proceeding. We also used adverse inferences in selecting from the facts otherwise available because Meihua did not act to the best of its ability because it withheld information and knowingly failed to disclose that certain reported information was inaccurate.
Id. at 11–12.
With respect to Meihua’s allegation that Commerce’s determination to use
facts otherwise available was not in accordance with the law, Meihua argues that it
provided all of the information that Commerce requested, and that Meihua was not
provided with sufficient notice or an opportunity to remedy any deficiencies in its
filing pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1677m(d). This statutory provision states in relevant
part:
If the administering authority or the Commission determines that a response to a request for information under this subtitle does not comply with the request, the administering authority or the Commission (as the case may be) shall promptly inform the person submitting the response of the nature of the deficiency and shall, to the extent practicable, provide that person with an opportunity to remedy or explain the deficiency in light of the time limits established for the completion of investigations or reviews under this subtitle. If that person submits further information in response to such deficiency and either— Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 16
(1) the administering authority or the Commission (as the case may be) finds that such response is not satisfactory, or (2) such response is not submitted within the applicable time limits, then the administering authority or the Commission (as the case may be) may, subject to subsection (e), disregard all or part of the original and subsequent responses.
19 U.S.C. § 1677m(d).
The Court concludes that Commerce failed to fulfill its statutory obligation
under 19 U.S.C. § 1677m(d) because Commerce did not “promptly inform the
person submitting the response of the nature of the deficiency and . . . to the extent
practicable, provide that person with an opportunity to remedy or explain the
deficiency.” See id. Here, Commerce neither notified Meihua of any deficiencies
in its provision of information, nor provided Meihua with an opportunity to correct
such deficiencies before Commerce determined that Meihua failed to cooperate to
the best of its ability and drew adverse inferences against Meihua. To the extent
that Defendant argues that Commerce could not have known about any
deficiencies because the information was solely in Meihua’s possession, the Court
observes that Commerce was aware of potential discrepancies when Meihua
provided copies of its prior filings to Customs in Meihua’s supplemental responses
to Commerce. See Def.’s Resp. Br. at 4–5 (acknowledging the timeline upon
which Meihua submitted copies of its prior filings). Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 17
Because Commerce failed to satisfy its statutory obligation to provide notice
and an opportunity to remedy any deficiency under 19 U.S.C. § 1677m(d), the
Court concludes that Commerce has no authority to apply adverse facts and
inferences under 19 U.S.C. § 1677e. See Maverick Tube Corp. v. United States,
857 F.3d 1353, 1360 (Fed. Cir. 2017) (quoting NSK Ltd. v. United States, 481
F.3d 1355, 1360 n.1 (Fed. Cir. 2007) (“Commerce . . . satisfied its obligations
under section 1677m(d) when it issued a supplemental questionnaire specifically
pointing out and requesting clarification of [the] deficient responses.”) (internal
quotation omitted); Hitachi Energy USA Inc. v. United States, 34 F.4th 1375,
1384–85 (Fed. Cir. 2022) (“Commerce’s denial of [movant’s] request to provide
any necessary information was contrary to the statute, which states . . . that
Commerce ‘shall promptly inform the person submitting the response of the nature
of the deficiency and shall . . . provide that person with an opportunity to remedy
or explain the deficiency.’”). The Court does not reach the substantive analysis of
whether Commerce’s determination to use an adverse inference was supported by
substantial evidence. The Court remands Commerce’s application of adverse facts
available and the application of the highest rate in a prior proceeding to Meihua for
further consideration in accordance with this Opinion. Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 18
II. Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies by Jianlong
Jianlong argues that Commerce’s determination to assign Separate Rate
Respondents the simple average of the alternative facts available rate of 154.07%
assigned to Meihua and the 0% rate assigned to Fufeng is not supported by
substantial evidence because the rate of 77.04% assigned to the cooperating
Separate Rate Respondents is not reasonably reflective of the non-investigated
respondents’ potential dumping. Jianlong’s Br. at 9–17.
Defendant argues that Jianlong failed to exhaust its administrative remedies
because Jianlong did not file an administrative case brief addressing the issues it
now seeks to argue before the Court. Def.’s Resp. Br. at 21–22.
Before commencing suit in the U.S. Court of International Trade, an
aggrieved party must exhaust all administrative remedies available to it. “In any
civil action . . . the Court of International Trade shall, where appropriate, require
the exhaustion of administrative remedies.” 28 U.S.C. § 2637(d). The court
“generally takes a ‘strict view’ of the requirement that parties exhaust their
administrative remedies[.]” Yangzhou Bestpak Gifts & Crafts Co. v. United
States, 716 F.3d 1370, 1381 (Fed. Cir. 2013).
19 C.F.R. § 351.309(c)(2) requires that, “[t]he case brief must present all
arguments that continue in the submitter’s view to be relevant to the . . . final
determination or final results.” 19 C.F.R. § 351.309(c)(2). There are limited Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 19
exceptions to the exhaustion requirement. See Pakfood Pub. Co. v. Unites States,
34 CIT 1122, 1145, 1147, 724 F. Supp. 2d 1327, 1351, 1352 (2010) (listing
“futil[ity] for the party to raise its argument at the administrative level” and issues
“fully considered by Commerce” as two generally recognized exceptions to the
exhaustion doctrine); see also Holmes Prod. Corp. v. United States, 16 CIT 1101,
1104 (1992) (“[E]xhaustion may be excused if the issue was raised by another
party, or if it is clear that the agency had an opportunity to consider it.”).
The Court concludes that the limited exception to the exhaustion
requirement applies here because even though Jianlong did not file an
administrative case brief, Jianlong now seeks to raise an identical issue addressed
in an administrative case brief filed by Consolidated Plaintiff Deosen, arguing that
Commerce’s determination did not reasonably reflect the dumping margin assigned
to the Separate Rate Respondents. See Jianlong’s Br. at 5–6. Incorporation by
reference to another party’s administrative argument is among the exceptions this
court has recognized to the exhaustion requirement. See Holmes Prod. Corp., 16
CIT at 1104. The Court will allow Jianlong to proceed with its arguments before
this Court.
III. Commerce’s Application of the Separate Rate
Jianlong and Deosen argue that the separate rate of 77.04% assigned to the
cooperating Separate Rate Respondents, based on the simple average of the Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 20
alternative facts available rate of 154.07% assigned to Meihua and the 0% rate
assigned to Fufeng, is not reasonably reflective of the Separate Rate Respondents’
potential dumping. Deosen’s Br. at 5–15; Jianlong’s Br. at 9–17. Defendant
argues that the separate rate calculated by Commerce is reasonably reflective of
potential dumping in light of the history of the administrative reviews and because
Commerce assigned non-selected companies a rate equal to the simple average of
the final rates assigned to Meihua and Fufeng pursuant to the relevant statutory
framework. Def.’s Resp. Br. at 22–23 (citing Final IDM at 5; the Uruguay Round
Agreement Act, H.R. Doc. No. 103-316 at 873 (1994), as reprinted in 1994
U.S.C.C.A.N. 4040, 4201). Commerce applied the expected method and
determined that the rate of 77.04%, based on the simple average of the alternative
facts available rate of 154.07% assigned to Meihua and the 0% rate assigned to
Fufeng, reasonably reflected the potential dumping margins. Final IDM at 4–7;
Final Results, 87 Fed. Reg. at 7105.
The Court is remanding Commerce’s application of adverse facts against
Meihua due to Commerce’s failure to provide notice and an opportunity to cure
any deficiencies under 19 U.S.C. § 1677m(d), and therefore does not reach the
issue of Commerce’s calculation of the separate rate. The Court remands
Commerce’s Final Results for further consideration or explanation regarding the Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 21
applicable rate for the Separate Rate Respondents based on any changes that
Commerce may make to Meihua’s rate on remand.
IV. Commerce’s Determination Not to Rescind its Review of Deosen
Deosen alleges that, “[o]ne of the Deosen plaintiffs, Deosen Biochemical
Ltd., made no shipments during the [period of review] and timely submitted a No
Shipment Certification. Only Deosen Biochemical (Ordos) Ltd. exported subject
merchandise during the [period of review].” Deosen’s Br. at 15. Deosen argues
that because Deosen Biochemical Ltd. made no shipments of xanthan gum during
the period of review, Commerce’s refusal to rescind its review of Deosen
Biochemical Ltd. was an abuse of discretion and was inconsistent with
Commerce’s regulations. Deosen’s Br. at 15–16.
Defendant argues that Commerce properly collapsed Deosen Biochemical
(Ordos) Ltd. and Deosen Biochemical Ltd. into a single entity. Def.’s Resp. Br. at
26–27 (citing 19 C.F.R. § 351.401(f)). Pursuant to 19 C.F.R. § 351.401(f),
Commerce collapsed Deosen Biochemical (Ordos) Ltd. and Deosen Biochemical
Ltd. in its original investigation of xanthan gum from China. Memo From USDOC
to Office Director Pertaining to Interested Parties Respondent Selection at 2 n.5,
PR 39. Commerce continued to treat the individual companies as a collapsed
entity in this review. Final IDM at 8. Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 22
19 C.F.R. § 351.401(f) governs the treatment of affiliated producers in
antidumping proceedings and provides:
(1) In general. In an antidumping proceeding under this part, [Commerce] will treat two or more affiliated producers as a single entity where those producers have production facilities for similar or identical products that would not require substantial retooling of either facility in order to restructure manufacturing priorities and [Commerce] concludes that there is a significant potential for the manipulation of price or production. (2) Significant potential for manipulation. In identifying a significant potential for the manipulation of price or production, the factors [Commerce] may consider include: (i) The level of common ownership; (ii)The extent to which managerial employees or board members of one firm sit on the board of directors of an affiliated firm; and (iii) Whether operations are intertwined, such as through the sharing of sales information, involvement in production and pricing decisions, the sharing of facilities or employees, or significant transactions between the affiliated producers.
19 C.F.R. § 351.401(f).
19 C.F.R. § 351.213(d) provides in relevant part:
(3) No shipments. [Commerce] may rescind an administrative review, in whole or only with respect to a particular exporter or producer, if [Commerce] concludes that, during the period covered by the review, there were no entries, exports, or sales of the subject merchandise, as the case may be.
19 C.F.R. § 351.213(d)(3).
Commerce’s regulations permit Commerce to treat two or more affiliated
producers as a single entity under a “collapsing analysis” when those producers Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 23
have production facilities for similar or identical products that would not require
substantial retooling of either facility in order to shift manufacturing priorities and
Commerce concludes that there is a significant potential for manipulation of price
or production. 19 C.F.R. § 351.401(f). In determining whether there is significant
potential for manipulation, Commerce analyzes: (1) the level of common
ownership, (2) the extent of managerial crossover between the affiliated firms, and
(3) whether the affiliated firms’ operations are intertwined through information
sharing, facilities, employee crossover, and production and pricing decisions. Id.
§ 351.401(f)(2).
Deosen argues that Commerce failed to conduct a collapsing analysis
pursuant to 19 C.F.R. § 351.401(f), improperly rejected Deosen’s timely submitted
No Shipment Certification, and should have rescinded its review of Deosen
Biochemical Ltd. Deosen’s Br. at 15–16. Deosen alleges that it offered to submit
additional documentation to show Commerce that Deosen Biochemical Ltd. should
not have been identified as an exporter. Id. The Court agrees with Deosen that
there is no evidence on the record that Commerce conducted a collapsing analysis
pursuant to 19 C.F.R. § 351.401(f) for the relevant period of review. The Court
observes that apparently Commerce relied on the past collapsing of the two Deosen
entities from the previous investigation, without considering whether any factors
had changed during the relevant period of review. Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 24
The Court concludes that Commerce’s failure to conduct a collapsing
analysis for the period of review was an abuse of discretion, particularly because
Commerce rejected Deosen Biochemical Ltd.’s No Shipment Certification and its
offer to submit additional documents demonstrating no shipments of xanthan gum
during the period of review. The Court observes that Commerce’s error was
further compounded by Commerce’s apparent determination that Customs data
may have attributed shipments of subject merchandise to Deosen Biochemical Ltd.
rather than Deosen Biochemical (Ordos) Ltd. because the two companies were
“registered under the same company-specific case number because Commerce has
treated the two companies as a single, collapsed entity in prior reviews.” Final
IDM at 8. At the very least, the Court holds that Commerce should perform a
collapsing analysis pursuant to 19 C.F.R. § 351.401(f) to reexamine the record
evidence and determine whether Deosen Biochemical Ltd. was an exporter with
any shipments during the period of review, whether Deosen Biochemical Ltd.
should have been collapsed into a single entity with Deosen Biochemical (Ordos)
Ltd., and whether Deosen Biochemical Ltd.’s review should have been rescinded.
The Court remands this issue for Commerce to reconsider its determinations
with respect to Deosen Biochemical Ltd. and Deosen Biochemical (Ordos) Ltd. Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 25
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the Court remands the Final Results.
Accordingly, it is hereby
ORDERED that the Final Results are remanded to Commerce to reconsider
the application of adverse facts available to Meihua, the calculation of the separate
rate, and whether Deosen Biochemical Ltd. and Deosen Biochemical (Ordos) Ltd.
should be collapsed into a single entity consistent with this opinion; and it is
further
ORDERED that this case shall proceed according to the following schedule:
(1) Commerce shall file the remand determination on or before
June 20, 2023;
(2) Commerce shall file the administrative record on or before July
5, 2023;
(3) Comments in opposition to the remand determination shall be
filed on or before August 4, 2023; Consol. Court No. 22-00069 Page 26
(4) Comments in support of the remand determination shall be filed
on or before September 5, 2023; and
(5) The joint appendix shall be filed on or before October 6, 2023.
/s/ Jennifer Choe-Groves Jennifer Choe-Groves, Judge
Dated: April 19, 2023 New York, New York