[Cite as Meehan v. AMN Healthcare, Inc., 2012-Ohio-557.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
DANIEL T. MEEHAN : APPEAL NO. C-110442 TRIAL NO. A-1004478 and : O P I N I O N. MARY MEEHAN, :
Plaintiffs-Appellants, :
vs. :
AMN HEALTHCARE, INC., :
CHRISTINA BERGFIELD, :
and :
BETHESDA HOSPITAL, INC., :
Defendants-Appellees. :
Civil Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas
Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed in Part, Reversed in Part, and Cause Remanded
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: February 15, 2012
Weber & Knapp, Co., L.P.A., and William C. Knapp, for Plaintiffs-Appellants.
Reminger Co., L.P.A. and Robert W. Hojnoski, for Defendants-Appellees AMN Healthcare, Inc. and Christina Bergfield.
Frost Brown Todd, LLC and Douglas R. Dennis, for Defendant-Appellee Bethesda, Inc..
Please note: This case has been removed from the accelerated calendar SYLVIA SIEVE HENDON, Judge.
{¶1} Plaintiffs-appellants Daniel and Mary Meehan appeal the trial court’s order
entering summary judgment in favor of defendants-appellees AMN Healthcare, Inc.
(“AMN”), Christina Bergfield (“Bergfield”), and Bethesda Hospital, Inc. (“Bethesda”). For
the following reasons, we affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand this case for further
proceedings.
Facts
{¶2} The Meehans sued AMN, Bergfield, and Bethesda for damages resulting
from two decubitus ulcers that developed on Daniel Meehan’s skin while he was recovering
from hip surgery at Bethesda. Bergfield was working at Bethesda as a nurse through an
assignment from AMN, a temporary nursing service. Hospital records indicate that at 10:00
p.m. on May 20, 2009─aside from a surgical incision─Meehan’s skin integrity was good. By
8:00 a.m. on May 21, 2009, two decubitus ulcers, commonly referred to as “bedsores,” were
discovered on Meehan’s buttocks. Meehan required two surgeries to repair his damaged
skin and was thereafter confined to a nursing home for several weeks.
{¶3} According to discovery provided by Bethesda, Bergfield was Meehan’s nurse
during the time that his bedsores had developed. Meehan’s expert witnesses, a medical
doctor and a nurse, opined respectively (1) that bedsores did not normally progress as
rapidly as Meehan’s had, and that, due to their shape and positioning, the bedsores had
most likely been caused because Meehan had been left on a bed pan for an extended period
of time, and (2) that the nursing staff had breached the nursing standard of care by failing to
take the necessary steps to prevent the development of Meehan’s bedsores. Dr. Ari
Masturzo, a wound-management physician at Bethesda, had examined Meehan in the
hospital and had charted that the bedsores were “likely device induced.” Meehan himself had no recollection of the events that had transpired that night─he was lethargic and non-
responsive due to the effects of postoperative medication. And Bergfield was not available
to be deposed.
{¶4} AMN and Bergfield moved for summary judgment, arguing that there was no
expert testimony connecting Bergfield to the alleged breach in the nursing standard of care.
Bethesda moved for summary judgment on the same grounds. AMN and Bethesda both
further argued that, since the Meehans could not prove that Bergfield had been negligent,
they could not establish that AMN or Bethesda were vicariously liable. The defendants also
claimed that Meehan’s attorney had made several binding admissions that there was no
evidence that Bergfield had been negligent, and that summary judgment could be entered
on that ground as well.
{¶5} The trial court granted both motions and entered judgment in favor of AMN,
Bergfield, and Bethesda. The Meehans now appeal, raising one assignment of error.
Standard of Review
{¶6} We review the granting of summary judgment de novo. Temple v. Wean, 50
Ohio St.2d 317, 364 N.E.2d 267 (1977); Smiddy v. The Wedding Party, Inc., 30 Ohio St.3d
35, 506 N.E.2d 212 (1987). Summary judgment is appropriate only when the moving party
demonstrates (1) that no genuine issue of material fact exists, (2) that the moving party is
entitled to judgment as a matter of law, and (3) that reasonable minds could come to but
one conclusion and that conclusion is adverse to the party against whom the motion for
summary judgment is made. Civ.R. 56(C); State ex rel. Grady v. State Emp. Relations Bd.,
78 Ohio St. 3d 181, 183, 1997-Ohio-221, 677 N.E.2d 343. Nurse Bergfield’s Alleged Negligence
{¶7} In a negligence action involving the professional skill and judgment of a
nurse, expert testimony must be presented to establish the prevailing standard of care, a
breach of that standard, and that the nurse’s negligence, if any, was the proximate cause of
the patient’s injury. Ramage v. Cent. Ohio Emergency Serv., Inc., 64 Ohio St.3d 97, 592
N.E.2d 828 (1992), paragraph one of the syllabus; see also Berdyck v. Shinde, 66 Ohio St.3d
573, 1993-Ohio-183, 613 N.E.2d 1014.
{¶8} The Meehans argue that because Bergfield was Meehan’s nurse when his
bedsores developed, and because expert testimony established that a breach in the nursing
standard of care led to Meehan’s injury, the trial court should not have entered judgment in
favor of the defendants. We disagree. Based on Ramage, the Meehans were required to
produce expert testimony specifically linking Bergfield to Meehan’s injuries in order to
properly support their cause of action. They did not. We, therefore, hold that the trial court
correctly entered summary judgment in favor of Bergfield.
{¶9} AMN, Bergfield, and Bethesda also claim that summary judgment was
appropriate because the Meehans’ attorney made numerous binding admissions to the
effect that there was no evidence that Bergfiled had been negligent. These “admissions,”
however, were made before the close of discovery and before Bethesda had informed the
Meehans that Bergfield had been the only nurse to care for or to have contact with Meehan
the night that his bedsores developed. Consequently, we find this argument to be without
merit. See generally Haney v. Law, 1st Dist. No. C-070313, 2008-Ohio-1843.
Bethesda and AMN
{¶10} The Meehans next contend that the trial court’s entry of summary judgment
in favor of AMN and Bethesda must be reversed. AMN and Bethesda argue that, because the Meehans are unable to prove that Bergfield was negligent, AMN and Bethesda cannot be
held liable.
{¶11} Medical claims alleging the negligence of a hospital employee, such as a
nurse, are governed by the doctrine of respondeat superior. Cope v. Miami Valley Hosp.,
2nd Dist. No. 24458, 2011-Ohio-4869, ¶ 18. Under that doctrine, a plaintiff may elect to sue
only the employer or both the employer and the employee. Id.; see also Losito v. Kruse, 136
Ohio St. 183, 24 N.E.2d 705 (1940). Therefore, even without Bergfield as a defendant, the
Meehans may nevertheless maintain a lawsuit against Bethesda for the alleged negligence of
Bethesda’s nursing staff.
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[Cite as Meehan v. AMN Healthcare, Inc., 2012-Ohio-557.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
DANIEL T. MEEHAN : APPEAL NO. C-110442 TRIAL NO. A-1004478 and : O P I N I O N. MARY MEEHAN, :
Plaintiffs-Appellants, :
vs. :
AMN HEALTHCARE, INC., :
CHRISTINA BERGFIELD, :
and :
BETHESDA HOSPITAL, INC., :
Defendants-Appellees. :
Civil Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas
Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed in Part, Reversed in Part, and Cause Remanded
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: February 15, 2012
Weber & Knapp, Co., L.P.A., and William C. Knapp, for Plaintiffs-Appellants.
Reminger Co., L.P.A. and Robert W. Hojnoski, for Defendants-Appellees AMN Healthcare, Inc. and Christina Bergfield.
Frost Brown Todd, LLC and Douglas R. Dennis, for Defendant-Appellee Bethesda, Inc..
Please note: This case has been removed from the accelerated calendar SYLVIA SIEVE HENDON, Judge.
{¶1} Plaintiffs-appellants Daniel and Mary Meehan appeal the trial court’s order
entering summary judgment in favor of defendants-appellees AMN Healthcare, Inc.
(“AMN”), Christina Bergfield (“Bergfield”), and Bethesda Hospital, Inc. (“Bethesda”). For
the following reasons, we affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand this case for further
proceedings.
Facts
{¶2} The Meehans sued AMN, Bergfield, and Bethesda for damages resulting
from two decubitus ulcers that developed on Daniel Meehan’s skin while he was recovering
from hip surgery at Bethesda. Bergfield was working at Bethesda as a nurse through an
assignment from AMN, a temporary nursing service. Hospital records indicate that at 10:00
p.m. on May 20, 2009─aside from a surgical incision─Meehan’s skin integrity was good. By
8:00 a.m. on May 21, 2009, two decubitus ulcers, commonly referred to as “bedsores,” were
discovered on Meehan’s buttocks. Meehan required two surgeries to repair his damaged
skin and was thereafter confined to a nursing home for several weeks.
{¶3} According to discovery provided by Bethesda, Bergfield was Meehan’s nurse
during the time that his bedsores had developed. Meehan’s expert witnesses, a medical
doctor and a nurse, opined respectively (1) that bedsores did not normally progress as
rapidly as Meehan’s had, and that, due to their shape and positioning, the bedsores had
most likely been caused because Meehan had been left on a bed pan for an extended period
of time, and (2) that the nursing staff had breached the nursing standard of care by failing to
take the necessary steps to prevent the development of Meehan’s bedsores. Dr. Ari
Masturzo, a wound-management physician at Bethesda, had examined Meehan in the
hospital and had charted that the bedsores were “likely device induced.” Meehan himself had no recollection of the events that had transpired that night─he was lethargic and non-
responsive due to the effects of postoperative medication. And Bergfield was not available
to be deposed.
{¶4} AMN and Bergfield moved for summary judgment, arguing that there was no
expert testimony connecting Bergfield to the alleged breach in the nursing standard of care.
Bethesda moved for summary judgment on the same grounds. AMN and Bethesda both
further argued that, since the Meehans could not prove that Bergfield had been negligent,
they could not establish that AMN or Bethesda were vicariously liable. The defendants also
claimed that Meehan’s attorney had made several binding admissions that there was no
evidence that Bergfield had been negligent, and that summary judgment could be entered
on that ground as well.
{¶5} The trial court granted both motions and entered judgment in favor of AMN,
Bergfield, and Bethesda. The Meehans now appeal, raising one assignment of error.
Standard of Review
{¶6} We review the granting of summary judgment de novo. Temple v. Wean, 50
Ohio St.2d 317, 364 N.E.2d 267 (1977); Smiddy v. The Wedding Party, Inc., 30 Ohio St.3d
35, 506 N.E.2d 212 (1987). Summary judgment is appropriate only when the moving party
demonstrates (1) that no genuine issue of material fact exists, (2) that the moving party is
entitled to judgment as a matter of law, and (3) that reasonable minds could come to but
one conclusion and that conclusion is adverse to the party against whom the motion for
summary judgment is made. Civ.R. 56(C); State ex rel. Grady v. State Emp. Relations Bd.,
78 Ohio St. 3d 181, 183, 1997-Ohio-221, 677 N.E.2d 343. Nurse Bergfield’s Alleged Negligence
{¶7} In a negligence action involving the professional skill and judgment of a
nurse, expert testimony must be presented to establish the prevailing standard of care, a
breach of that standard, and that the nurse’s negligence, if any, was the proximate cause of
the patient’s injury. Ramage v. Cent. Ohio Emergency Serv., Inc., 64 Ohio St.3d 97, 592
N.E.2d 828 (1992), paragraph one of the syllabus; see also Berdyck v. Shinde, 66 Ohio St.3d
573, 1993-Ohio-183, 613 N.E.2d 1014.
{¶8} The Meehans argue that because Bergfield was Meehan’s nurse when his
bedsores developed, and because expert testimony established that a breach in the nursing
standard of care led to Meehan’s injury, the trial court should not have entered judgment in
favor of the defendants. We disagree. Based on Ramage, the Meehans were required to
produce expert testimony specifically linking Bergfield to Meehan’s injuries in order to
properly support their cause of action. They did not. We, therefore, hold that the trial court
correctly entered summary judgment in favor of Bergfield.
{¶9} AMN, Bergfield, and Bethesda also claim that summary judgment was
appropriate because the Meehans’ attorney made numerous binding admissions to the
effect that there was no evidence that Bergfiled had been negligent. These “admissions,”
however, were made before the close of discovery and before Bethesda had informed the
Meehans that Bergfield had been the only nurse to care for or to have contact with Meehan
the night that his bedsores developed. Consequently, we find this argument to be without
merit. See generally Haney v. Law, 1st Dist. No. C-070313, 2008-Ohio-1843.
Bethesda and AMN
{¶10} The Meehans next contend that the trial court’s entry of summary judgment
in favor of AMN and Bethesda must be reversed. AMN and Bethesda argue that, because the Meehans are unable to prove that Bergfield was negligent, AMN and Bethesda cannot be
held liable.
{¶11} Medical claims alleging the negligence of a hospital employee, such as a
nurse, are governed by the doctrine of respondeat superior. Cope v. Miami Valley Hosp.,
2nd Dist. No. 24458, 2011-Ohio-4869, ¶ 18. Under that doctrine, a plaintiff may elect to sue
only the employer or both the employer and the employee. Id.; see also Losito v. Kruse, 136
Ohio St. 183, 24 N.E.2d 705 (1940). Therefore, even without Bergfield as a defendant, the
Meehans may nevertheless maintain a lawsuit against Bethesda for the alleged negligence of
Bethesda’s nursing staff. See Stanley v. Community Hosp., 2nd Dist. No. CA 2101 53, 2011-
Ohio-1290. And there is sufficient evidence in the record to show that there remain genuine
issues of fact concerning whether Bethesda’s nursing staff was negligent. Consequently, the
trial court erred in entering summary judgment in favor of Bethesda.
{¶12} AMN’s only connection to this case, however, was that Bergfield was allegedly
on assignment from AMN while working at Bethesda. Since summary judgment was
properly entered in favor of Bergfield, and since there is no evidence that AMN could
otherwise be held liable for the alleged negligence of Bethesda’s nursing staff, we hold that
summary judgment was properly entered in favor of AMN.
Conclusion
{¶13} For the foregoing reasons, the Meehans’ assignment of error is sustained in
part and overruled in part. The trial court’s judgment entering summary judgment in favor
Bergfield and AMN is affirmed. We reverse the court’s entry of summary judgment in favor
of Bethesda and remand this case for further proceedings.
SUNDERMANN, J., concurs., HILDEBRANDT, P.J., dissents. HILDEBRANDT, P.J., dissenting.
{¶14} Because I would conclude that expert testimony was not necessary to
establish a link between Bergfield and the negligence alleged, and because I disagree with
the majority’s analysis concerning Bethesda’s potential liability, I respectfully dissent.
{¶15} Expert testimony is required only where the testimony relates to matters
“beyond the ken” of the average layperson. State v. Koss, 49 Ohio St.3d 213, 216, 551
N.E.2d 970 (1990). Expert testimony is not required to establish “matters of common
knowledge and experience” or “subjects that are within the ordinary, common and general
knowledge and experience of mankind. ” Ramage, 64 Ohio St.3d at 103, 1992-Ohio-109,
592 N.E.2d 828, citing Johnson v. Grant Hosp., 32 Ohio St.2d 169, 291 N.E.2d 440 (1972);
see also Bostick v. Connor, 37 Ohio St.3d 144, 524 N.E.2d 881 (1988), paragraph three of
the syllabus.
{¶16} Given the state of this record, it is well within the “general knowledge and
experience of mankind” to infer that Bergfield was the nurse responsible for Meehan’s
injuries. According to discovery provided by Bethesda, the only nurse who took care of or
had any contact with Meehan during the time in question was Bergfield. This fact is
undisputed. And the Meehans met their burden under Ramage to present expert testimony
establishing that a breach in the prevailing standard of nursing care had proximately caused
Meehan’s bedsores. I would, therefore, find that genuine issues of fact exist in regard to
Bergfield’s liabiliy, and that summary judgment should not have been entered in favor of
Bergfield, AMN, or Bethesda.
{¶17} And although the majority correctly cites the proposition of law that, under
the doctrine of respondeat superior, the Meehans could have chosen to sue only Bethesda,
that doctrine “holds an employer liable for its employee’s torts committed in the scope of
employment.” Groob v. KeyBank, 155 Ohio App.3d 510, 2003-Ohio-6915, 801 N.E.2d 919 (1st Dist.), ¶ 31; Osborne v. Lyles (1992), 63 Ohio St.3d 326, 587 N.E.2d 825. Here, there
can be no employer liability because the only employee potentially responsible for the tort
alleged─i.e., negligence by the nurse who took care of Bergfield at the time that his bedsores
developed─is no longer a party in this case.
{¶18} I would sustain in full the Meehans’ assignment of error.