The Chancellor.
The statement of a few facts will sufficiently bring up to view a very important question arising, and discussed in this case.
James Robertson, on the 27th of April, 1808, assigned to White Matlack, jun. the ship Cincinnati, upon trust, to sell her, and, out of the proceeds, to discharge certain debts and engagements of Robertson, and to account for the surplus to Robertson, himself, or to his assignees, if any should in the [689]*689mean time, be appointed under the insolvent act. M. afterwards transferred his trust to Allyn, and the ship was sold by Allyn, with the consent of the plaintiffs, on the 9th of March, 1809, and the surplus proceeds, amounting to 5,400 dollars, after satisfying the trusts, were secured by a note, dated 9 th March, 1809, payable in six months, taken in part payment of the ship. The note was deposited with the defendants, as stakeholders, by Allyn, with the approbation of the plaintiffs, in trust to receive the money when due, and hold it subject to the order of this Court, in the original suit then pending, and of which the defendants then had notice. The deposit of the note, by this arrangement, was on the 30th March, 1809 ; and in June following, Robertson was discharged under the insolvent act, and the defendants were appointed his assignees. The note was paid to the defendants when it fell due, and they now set up a right to distribute the money, as assignees of Robertson, rateably among all his creditors. The plaintiffs, on the other hand, claim it as judgment and execution creditors at law, entitled to a preference over the general creditors.
The plaintiffs severally obtained judgments at law against Robertson, in May, 1808 ; and in May and June, 1808, they severally issued executions against the estate of Robertson, which were levied on 'the ship, as far forth as such a levy could be made consistent with the prior assignment. Early in July, 1808, the plaintiffs gave notice to Allyn of their judgments, executions and levy, and that they should look to him for the surplus, after satisfying the valid trusts which had priority to the lien of their executions.
The question, then, is, have the plaintiffs, as execution creditors at law, a priority of right over the creditors at large, to these surplus proceeds, being the 5,400 dollars so received by the defendants when the note fell due, in September, 1809?
[690]*690The surplus, after satisfying the objects of the assignment, (and which are assumed in this case to have been fair and valid,) belonged, as a resulting trust, to Robertson. They couij} not have belonged to any other person, for the assignees were not created, until after the sale of the ship, the liquidation of the surplus, and the deposit of the same with the defendants. Nor was this resulting trust the sub-, ject of seizure and sale at law. It was a mere equity, and could only be reached by the aid of this Court. This was so decided in Wilkes and Fontaine v. Ferris, (5 Johns. Rep. 335.) and the same doctrine was declared by the K. B. in Scott v. Scholey. (8 East, 467.) A judgment creditor must go into equity to obtain possession of the equitable interest of his debtor; and if he has taken and exhausted all the means in his power at law, he will be entitled to the aid of this Court to discover and apply the property to satisfy his execution. In Bayard v. Hoffman,
The cases on this point were all recently reviewed in Brinckerhoff v. Brown,† and it would be useless to notice them again. The case of Hendricks v. Robinson, (2 Johns. Ch. Rep. 283.) does not interfere with the question whether an execution creditor at law might not acquire a right, to be recognized and enforced in this Court, to the surplus, or resulting trust, belonging to the debtor, after the purposes of the prior assignment of the chattel interest had been answered. In that case, there. was no surplus in the hands of [691]*691Minturn & Champlin. The great point there was, whether the assignment to them was valid or fraudulent, and ° , ’ whether the plaintiffs could divert the proceeds of the properly assigned, from the fair and lawful trusts created by the assignments, which were made before the plaintiff had even commenced his suit at law. I regard the law to be clearly settled, that before a judgment creditor can come here for aid against the goods and chattels of his debtor, or against any equitable interest which he may •have therein, he must first take out execution, and cause it to be levied or returned, so as to show thereby, that his remedy at law fails, and that he has, also, acquired, by that act of diligence, a legal preference to the debtor’s interest.
The surplus of the debtor’s interest, in the present case, remained undisposed of by the debtor to whom it resulted, when the plaintiffs filed their bill in this Court. If they had a right to it as judgment creditors, by having sued outexecution at law, and having filed their bill before any other judgment creditors had done either, that right could not be affected by a subsequent assignment of that equity by the debtor. And whether that subsequent assignment was for the benefit of the creditors in general, as it was in this case, or for the benefit of some individual creditor, cannot alter the application of the principle. It was not in the power of the debtor to withdraw that surplus from the lien so acquired, in the view of this Court, by the execution. Admitting that the plaintiffs had acquired, by their executions at law, a legal preference to the assistance of this Court, (and none but execution creditors at law are entitled to that assistance,) that preference ought not, injustice, to be taken away. Though it be the favourite policy of this Court to distribute assets equally among creditors, pari passu, yet, whenever a judicial preference has been established, by the superior legal diligence of any creditor, that preference is always preserved in the distribution of assets by this Court. This point appeared most abundantly in the course of the discus[692]*692sion on the authorities in the late case of Thompson v. Brown and others.* If the plaintiffs, instead of seeking merely the surplus proceeds of the ship, had charged the assignment to have been fraudulent, and had obtained a decree, setting it aside as void, it cannot be doubted but that their executions, after the impediment of the assignment was removed, would have held the whole subject assigned, in preference to other creditors who had no such executions.
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The Chancellor.
The statement of a few facts will sufficiently bring up to view a very important question arising, and discussed in this case.
James Robertson, on the 27th of April, 1808, assigned to White Matlack, jun. the ship Cincinnati, upon trust, to sell her, and, out of the proceeds, to discharge certain debts and engagements of Robertson, and to account for the surplus to Robertson, himself, or to his assignees, if any should in the [689]*689mean time, be appointed under the insolvent act. M. afterwards transferred his trust to Allyn, and the ship was sold by Allyn, with the consent of the plaintiffs, on the 9th of March, 1809, and the surplus proceeds, amounting to 5,400 dollars, after satisfying the trusts, were secured by a note, dated 9 th March, 1809, payable in six months, taken in part payment of the ship. The note was deposited with the defendants, as stakeholders, by Allyn, with the approbation of the plaintiffs, in trust to receive the money when due, and hold it subject to the order of this Court, in the original suit then pending, and of which the defendants then had notice. The deposit of the note, by this arrangement, was on the 30th March, 1809 ; and in June following, Robertson was discharged under the insolvent act, and the defendants were appointed his assignees. The note was paid to the defendants when it fell due, and they now set up a right to distribute the money, as assignees of Robertson, rateably among all his creditors. The plaintiffs, on the other hand, claim it as judgment and execution creditors at law, entitled to a preference over the general creditors.
The plaintiffs severally obtained judgments at law against Robertson, in May, 1808 ; and in May and June, 1808, they severally issued executions against the estate of Robertson, which were levied on 'the ship, as far forth as such a levy could be made consistent with the prior assignment. Early in July, 1808, the plaintiffs gave notice to Allyn of their judgments, executions and levy, and that they should look to him for the surplus, after satisfying the valid trusts which had priority to the lien of their executions.
The question, then, is, have the plaintiffs, as execution creditors at law, a priority of right over the creditors at large, to these surplus proceeds, being the 5,400 dollars so received by the defendants when the note fell due, in September, 1809?
[690]*690The surplus, after satisfying the objects of the assignment, (and which are assumed in this case to have been fair and valid,) belonged, as a resulting trust, to Robertson. They couij} not have belonged to any other person, for the assignees were not created, until after the sale of the ship, the liquidation of the surplus, and the deposit of the same with the defendants. Nor was this resulting trust the sub-, ject of seizure and sale at law. It was a mere equity, and could only be reached by the aid of this Court. This was so decided in Wilkes and Fontaine v. Ferris, (5 Johns. Rep. 335.) and the same doctrine was declared by the K. B. in Scott v. Scholey. (8 East, 467.) A judgment creditor must go into equity to obtain possession of the equitable interest of his debtor; and if he has taken and exhausted all the means in his power at law, he will be entitled to the aid of this Court to discover and apply the property to satisfy his execution. In Bayard v. Hoffman,
The cases on this point were all recently reviewed in Brinckerhoff v. Brown,† and it would be useless to notice them again. The case of Hendricks v. Robinson, (2 Johns. Ch. Rep. 283.) does not interfere with the question whether an execution creditor at law might not acquire a right, to be recognized and enforced in this Court, to the surplus, or resulting trust, belonging to the debtor, after the purposes of the prior assignment of the chattel interest had been answered. In that case, there. was no surplus in the hands of [691]*691Minturn & Champlin. The great point there was, whether the assignment to them was valid or fraudulent, and ° , ’ whether the plaintiffs could divert the proceeds of the properly assigned, from the fair and lawful trusts created by the assignments, which were made before the plaintiff had even commenced his suit at law. I regard the law to be clearly settled, that before a judgment creditor can come here for aid against the goods and chattels of his debtor, or against any equitable interest which he may •have therein, he must first take out execution, and cause it to be levied or returned, so as to show thereby, that his remedy at law fails, and that he has, also, acquired, by that act of diligence, a legal preference to the debtor’s interest.
The surplus of the debtor’s interest, in the present case, remained undisposed of by the debtor to whom it resulted, when the plaintiffs filed their bill in this Court. If they had a right to it as judgment creditors, by having sued outexecution at law, and having filed their bill before any other judgment creditors had done either, that right could not be affected by a subsequent assignment of that equity by the debtor. And whether that subsequent assignment was for the benefit of the creditors in general, as it was in this case, or for the benefit of some individual creditor, cannot alter the application of the principle. It was not in the power of the debtor to withdraw that surplus from the lien so acquired, in the view of this Court, by the execution. Admitting that the plaintiffs had acquired, by their executions at law, a legal preference to the assistance of this Court, (and none but execution creditors at law are entitled to that assistance,) that preference ought not, injustice, to be taken away. Though it be the favourite policy of this Court to distribute assets equally among creditors, pari passu, yet, whenever a judicial preference has been established, by the superior legal diligence of any creditor, that preference is always preserved in the distribution of assets by this Court. This point appeared most abundantly in the course of the discus[692]*692sion on the authorities in the late case of Thompson v. Brown and others.* If the plaintiffs, instead of seeking merely the surplus proceeds of the ship, had charged the assignment to have been fraudulent, and had obtained a decree, setting it aside as void, it cannot be doubted but that their executions, after the impediment of the assignment was removed, would have held the whole subject assigned, in preference to other creditors who had no such executions. Instead of seeking to recover the whole value of the ship, they content themselves, in this case, with asking the aid of this Court for the surplus resulting to their debtor; and no good reason appears why their legal priority or lien should not be as available for a part, as for the whole.
It may be laid down as a rule of equity, that an execution creditor at law has a right to come here and redeem an incumbrance upon a chattel interest, in like manner as a judgment creditor at law is entitled to redeem an incumbrance upon the real estate; and the party so redeeming will be entitled, in either case, to a preference, according to his legal priority. The plaintiffs, in this case, had acquired that right of redemption when the ship Cincinnati was sold, by agreement, without prejudice to their rights; and instead of seeking to redeem, they are equally entitled to come here and claim the surplus.
I shall, accordingly, decree, that the defendants pay to the plaintiffs the 5,400 dollars, so received by them in trust, in September, 1809 ; and that it be referred to a master to inquire and report what disposition was made of that money by the defendants, and whether it was kept in bank by itself, or was mingled with their own moneys, and employed in like manner; that he compute interest on that sum, from the time it was paid to the defendants, up to the date of his report, reserving, however, the question of interest, until the coming in of the report ; and that the said moneys to be paid by the defendants, if not sufficient to satisfy the judgments of the plaintiffs, with interest on those judgments, [693]*693for the real sum recovered and due, including their costs of those judgments and of this suit, be paid to all of them rate-ably, in proportion to the amount due to each of them respectively, as aforesaid; and that the money be paid to the solicitor for the plaintiffs, for the purpose of such distribution.
Decree accordingly.(a)
Ante, p. 450,