McLarnon v. Massachusetts General Hospital

14 Mass. L. Rptr. 203
CourtMassachusetts Superior Court
DecidedOctober 9, 2001
DocketNo. 002910C
StatusPublished

This text of 14 Mass. L. Rptr. 203 (McLarnon v. Massachusetts General Hospital) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Massachusetts Superior Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
McLarnon v. Massachusetts General Hospital, 14 Mass. L. Rptr. 203 (Mass. Ct. App. 2001).

Opinion

Lauriat, J.

Edward McLarnon (“McLarnon”) brought this action against the Massachusetts General Hospital, Kenneth Herman, Ph.D., and Barbara Beardslee, LICSW (“the defendants”), alleging claims of breach of contract and violations of G.L.c. 93A, arising from the defendants’ alleged theft of money from him. The defendants were appointed as Guardian Ad Litem by the Probate and Family Court (Nelson-Dilday, J.) on March 27, 1995, to conduct an evaluation of McLarnon, his now former wife and their then fourteen-year-old son to address the issue of visitation by McLarnon with his son, all in connection with a proceeding then pending in the Probate and Family Court (Edward S. McLarnon v. Virginia Jokisch, Docket No. 84D 3694). The Probate and Family Court (NelsonDilday, J.) had also ordered McLarnon to pay for the cost of the defendants’ evaluation to the extent that it exceeded the cost of the evaluation that had earlier been proposed by the Family Development Clinic.

McLarnon asserts that the defendants charged him $3,000, but failed to complete the court-ordered evaluation or to prepare a final report. He claims that the “GAL took [his] money, and didn’t do the job they were paid to do, and it damaged him in substantial ways, financially and familialy [sic].”

The defendants have now moved to dismiss McLarnon’s present action, or for summaiy judgment, on several grounds. For the reasons set forth below, [204]*204the defendants’ motion, treated as one for summary judgment, see Mass.R.Civ.P. 12(b) is allowed.

DISCUSSION

I.

The standard governing consideration of a summary judgment motion is well known. The court will grant summary judgment when there are no genuine issues of material fact and where the record, including the pleadings and affidavits entitles the moving party to judgment as a matter of law. Casesso v. Commissioner of Correction, 390 Mass. 419, 422 (1983). The moving party bears the burden of affirmatively demonstrating that there are no triable issues. Pederson v. Time, Inc., 404 Mass. 14, 16-17 (1989). The non-moving party cannot defeat a summary judgment motion by resting on the pleadings or merely asserting disputed issues of fact. LaLonde v. Eissner, 405 Mass. 207, 209 (1989). However, for the purposes of a summary judgment, the court will review the facts and all reasonable inferences from those facts in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. Ford Motor Co., Inc. v. Barrett, 403 Mass. 240, 242 (1988).

II.

The defendants’ initial argument for summary judgment is that they are cloaked with absolute immunity because they were performing quasi-judicial functions. Immunity under this theory extends from the judge to those “involved in an integral part of the judicial process and thus [they] must be able to act freely without the threat of a lawsuit.” LaLonde v. Eissner, 405 Mass. 207, 211 (1989). This immunity has most often been invoked on behalf of medical professionals, but guardian ad litems are subject to the same grant of immunity when they are engaged to make recommendations to the court. Sharkisian v. Benjamin, Civil No. 995448 (Mass. Super. May 2, 2000) (Fabricant, J.). The result is that when a court, as here, directs a court-appointee to gather and evaluate evidence in order to provide a disinterested opinion for the court’s benefit, that appointee is afforded immunity co-extensive with the court’s.

A court appointment is not sufficient to automatically invoke immunity. Comins v. Sharkansky, 38 Mass.App.Ct. 37, 40 (1995). A court-appointed attorney designated to advocate for a specific client does not enjoy judicial immunity. 14 ALR 5th 929, 936 (1993). The court looks to the interests sought to be served by the appointment to determine when immunity is appropriate. Id. The court-appointed attorney’s primary obligation is to his client. The attorney is subject to duties that run to that client and liability if those duties are not met. A court-appointed evaluator, on the other hand, when tasked to gather and evaluate evidence, owes a duty primarily to the court. The grant of judicial immunity under the latter circumstances rests on the same policy concerns that protect judicial independence. Freedom from suit encourages the candor and honesty necessary to arrive at the best possible disposition of the case. The pool of qualified individuals available to assist the court could either quickly evaporate or render suspect opinions if faced with the prospect of lengthy and costly litigation at every turn.

McLarnon asserts that this leaves him with only paper protections from the abuses of a court-appointed evaluator. The court does not share plaintiffs fear that abuses will simply continue to go unremedied despite his efforts to bring those abuses to the court’s attention. Poor performance by a court-appointed evaluator serves no one’s interest; but the process in place ensures that the court can continue to fulfill vital functions that plaintiffs recommended remedy would put in unacceptable jeopardy. Therefore, the court concludes that the defendants in this matter were all engaged in quasi-judicial functions while performing the acts of which plaintiff complains, and are consequently afforded judicial immunity for those acts.

III.

Having clarified the relationships between the parties, the court does not hesitate to find that they did not form a contract. Traditional contract theory states that to create an enforceable contract, there must be an agreement between the parties on the material terms of that contract, and the parties must have a present intention to be bound by that agreement. McCarthy v. Tobin, 429 Mass. 84, 87 (1999). Even construing facts in McLarnon’s favor, the only agreement the defendants made with McLarnon concerned the manner in which McLarnon would meet his obligations under the court’s order to pay defendants’ fees. Billing invoices and canceled checks are insufficient to create even a shadow of an agreement beyond that limited scope. Payment of court ordered fees is not sufficient evidence of a relationship carrying duties between the parties. Gerber v. Peters, 584 A.2d 605, 607 (Me. 1990). Thus, an attorney-client relationship between an attorney acting as guardian ad litem and a parent is not created by the court’s appointment of the guardian or by a requirement that the parents be responsible for the guardian’s fees. Id. Similarly, court ordered payments to experts do not establish relationships that interfere with grants of judicial immunity. LaLonde at 212, n.9.

Courts do not impose fee responsibilities on the parents of minor children in order to allow them to enforce contract terms they had no part in making. Rather, those payments stem from the parents’ continuing responsibility to provide for their child’s support in circumstances where the child’s best interests are still in doubt. As the relationship between the court, the child and the parents encompasses the parental duty, it also defines the remedy when those duties are not met. Parents have the option to bring a guardian’s poor performance to the court’s attention; they may contest the findings of a court-appointed expert; or, they may appeal the court’s decision. Those [205]

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Gerber v. Peters
584 A.2d 605 (Supreme Judicial Court of Maine, 1990)
Ford Motor Co. v. Barrett
526 N.E.2d 1284 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1988)
Pederson v. Time, Inc.
532 N.E.2d 1211 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1989)
LaLonde v. Eissner
539 N.E.2d 538 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1989)
Rae v. Air-Speed, Inc.
435 N.E.2d 628 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1982)
Cassesso v. Commissioner of Correction
456 N.E.2d 1123 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1983)
Linkage Corp. v. Trustees of Boston University
679 N.E.2d 191 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1997)
McCarthy v. Tobin
706 N.E.2d 629 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1999)
Miller v. Mooney
431 Mass. 57 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 2000)
Comins v. Sharkansky
644 N.E.2d 646 (Massachusetts Appeals Court, 1995)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
14 Mass. L. Rptr. 203, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/mclarnon-v-massachusetts-general-hospital-masssuperct-2001.