McGlothlin v. McGlothlin

476 S.W.2d 333, 1972 Tex. App. LEXIS 2726

• Court: Court of Appeals of Texas
• Decided: January 12, 1972
• Docket: 15033
• Status: Published

Opinions

KLINGEMAN, Justice.

This is a suit for damages by the plaintiff, Peggy Mitchell McGlothlin against General William C. McGlothlin, Jr., the ex-husband of plaintiff, and his present wife, Jeanette Caviness McGlothlin, for alienation of affection, criminal conversation and loss of consortium. The trial court granted plaintiff’s motion to sever her cause of action against Gen. McGlothlin from the cause of action against Jeanette Caviness McGlothlin. Thereafter, Gen. McGlothlin filed a motion for summary judgment, wherein he asserted that under the laws of this State no cause of action exists against him as a matter of law. This motion based upon the pleadings was granted by the trial court, and a take-nothing judgment entered on plaintiff’s suit against her former husband.

Plaintiff presents two points of error: (1) the trial court erred in granting a summary judgment for Gen. McGlothlin, because the allegations of plaintiff’s original petition state a cause of action against him for breach of the marital contract, and there are bona fide questions to be determined at a trial on the merits; and (2) the trial court erred in granting summary judgment for Gen. McGlothlin, because the allegations of plaintiff’s original petition state a cause of action in tort against him for alienation of affections and criminal conversation, which present bona fide questions to be determined at a trial on the merits.

Plaintiff concedes that it is now the established law of this State that one spouse is not entitled to maintain a tort action against the other. Turner v. Turner, 385 S.W.2d 230 (Tex.1965); Nickerson and Matson v. Nickerson, 65 Tex. 281 (1886); Rader v. Rader, 378 S.W.2d 371, 373 (Tex.Civ.App. —Dallas 1964, writ ref’d n. r. e.);¹ Latioláis v. Latiolais, 361 S.W.2d 252 (Tex.Civ.App. — Beaumont 1962, writ ref’d n. r. e.); Crawford v. De Long, 324 S.W.2d 25 (Tex.Civ.App. — Austin 1959, writ ref’d n. r. e.); 30 Tex.Jur.2d, Husband & Wife, Section 145, page 234. This rule was reaffirmed by the Supreme Court in Turner v. Turner, supra, wherein it was said:

“That the husband cannot sue his wife for damages resulting from the torts of his wife committed against him was settled by the case of Nickerson and Matson v. Nickerson, 65 Tex. 281, 1886. It is true that this was a case where the wife was seeking recovery against the husband for a tort committed by the husband and a third party against the wife. Nicker-son and his wife had been divorced after the commission of the tort, but prior to the trial of the wife’s suit. The court said:

‘The tort inflicted upon the wife by the husband and another, gave no right of action to the wife against the husband.’

“Again:

‘Whatever cause of action the wife had, accrued when the acts of which she complains were committed; and the fact of divorce subsequently granted, can not make that a cause of action which was not so at the time the facts transpired.’

“The Nickerson case has been followed by many cases, and an examination of Shepard’s Texas Citations discloses that the rules of law laid down as quoted above have never been questioned. See also Gowin v. Gowin, Tex.Civ.App., 264 S.W. 529, 1924, affirmed Tex.Com.App., 292 S.W. 211, 1927; Latiolais v. Latiolais, 361 S.W.2d 252, 253, Tex.Civ.App., 1962, writ ref., n. r. e.; 30 Tex.Jur.2d, p. 234, § 145.” 385 S.W.2d at 232-233.

Nor has this State ever recognized a cause of action by one spouse against the other for criminal conversation or loss of consortium.² The case most directly in point is Gowin v. Gowin, 292 S.W. 211, 212 (Tex.Com.App.1927), in which the Court stated that the question involved was: “Does breach of the marital obligations by one spouse give rise to a justiciable right in the other of such nature as that the one may sue for, and recover, damages from the other as for breach of contract, in the absence of a divorce or prayer therefor ? ” The Commission of Appeals held that the wife had no cause of action against her husband for breach of marriage contract in the absence of divorce or prayer therefor. The Court, after stating that some states have adopted statutes expressly permitting recovery for torts committed by the husband, stated:

“Between the time of these comparatively recent enactments and the period of the Mosaic law we have found no evidence of a recovery of damages allowed to either the husband or the wife by way of compensation for breach of the marital obligations or ex delictual — at least in the absence of divorce proceedings. To us that absence, plus the fact that where-ever [sic] recoveries have been permitted the courts were obeying commands of statutes, is not without meaning affirma-tory of the views already expressed. If litigation of the kind now before us is to become successfully maintainable in Texas, that event must happen in response to future constitutional or statutory decree.” 292 S.W. at 215.

This holding, although criticized,³ has never been overruled by a Texas court, nor has the legislature seen fit to create such a cause of action. In fact, we have not been cited or found a case by any jurisdiction recognizing a cause of action by one spouse against the other for criminal conversation or loss of consortium.

Here a divorce has been granted between the parties and the property rights of said parties settled by such decree. Since such a cause of action did not exist during the marriage, we cannot say that one was created by the divorce.

The trial court properly granted Gen. McGlothlin’s motion for summary judgment. Such judgment is affirmed.

1 I. “As to her husband, appellant has no cause of action against him for alienation of his own affections. An action for alienation of affection is one founded in tort and a husband is not liable to his wife for a tort committed against her. 30 Tex. Jur.2d, § 143, Page 233; Wilson v. Brown, Tex.Civ.App., 154 S.W. 322; Nickerson v. Nickerson, 65 Tex. 281; Latiolais v. Latiolais, Tex.Civ.App., 361 S.W.2d 252; Nicholson v. Nicholson, Tex.Civ.App., 22 S.W.2d 514.”

2 . The fault of the respective parties may be considered by the trial court in the property division of a divorce. Middles-worth v. Middlesworth, 380 S.W,2d 790 (Tex.Civ.App. — Fort Worth 1964, no writ) ; Hudson v. Hudson, 308 S.W.2d 140 (Tex.Civ.App. — Austin 1957, no writ) ; 20 Tex.Jur.2d, Divorce and Separation, Sec. 222.

3 . Speer’s Marital Rights in Texas, (4th Ed. 1961), Sec. Ill; Guinn, 5 Tex.L.Rev. 411 (1927).