McGinnis v. State

746 S.W.2d 479, 1988 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 46, 1988 WL 18984
CourtCourt of Criminal Appeals of Texas
DecidedMarch 9, 1988
Docket429-86
StatusPublished
Cited by10 cases

This text of 746 S.W.2d 479 (McGinnis v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
McGinnis v. State, 746 S.W.2d 479, 1988 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 46, 1988 WL 18984 (Tex. 1988).

Opinions

OPINION ON STATE’S PETITION FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW

ONION, Presiding Judge.

Appellant was convicted by a jury of felony theft of the third degree under V.T. C.A., Penal Code, § 31.03(d)(4)(C), as amended in 1983.1 After the jury verdict of guilty the penalty stage of the trial was conducted before the court. The appellant entered a plea of “true” to the paragraph in the indictment alleging a prior felony conviction of burglary of a building. After other evidence and a stipulation of several other convictions the court fixed the punishment for a second degree felony at 10 years’ imprisonment. V.T.C.A., Penal Code, § 12.42(a).

V.T.C.A., Penal Code, § 31.03(d)(4)(C), supra, under which appellant was convicted and in effect at the time of the commission of the alleged offense,2 provided that a theft is a felony of the third degree if the value of the property is less than $750.00 and the accused has been previously convicted two or more times of any grade of theft. See Diamond v. State, 530 S.W.2d 586 (Tex.Cr.App.1975). The instant indictment alleged the primary misdemeanor offense as theft of twelve pairs of jeans of the value of at least $200.00 but less than $750.00 on or about October 18,1984. Two prior misdemeanor convictions were also alleged in the indictment in order to allege a third-degree felony and to confer jurisdiction upon the district court. See said § 31.03(d)(4)(C), supra. The prior burglary conviction was alleged in another paragraph for enhancement of punishment under said § 12.42.3

On appeal appellant in two points of error contended there was a fatal variance between the allegations in the indictment and the proof offered. First, he contended that the evidence shows that the information which was the basis of one of the prior misdemeanor convictions alleged was fatally defective and the conviction could not have been valid. Secondly, he contended that therefore the evidence was insufficient to sustain a third-degree felony conviction as alleged in the indictment. As can be seen, both points of error are interwoven. He noted that in attempting to prove the prior misdemeanor theft convictions for jurisdictional purposes the State introduced the felony information which was the basis for the 1977 misdemeanor theft conviction in Cause No. F 77-4136-L in the Criminal District Court No. 5 of Dallas County, that the certified copy of the information introduced is blank in its essential parts and as such does not allege an offense upon which a valid conviction could be based. Without proving both of the two prior theft convictions as alleged, appellant argued the State failed to sustain its burden of proof and his felony conviction under § 31,03(d)(4)(C), supra, must be reversed.

The Court of Appeals in an unpublished opinion found from the record that the information in question was essentially blank and was fundamentally defective to the extent it charged no offense at all and could not serve as the basis for a valid conviction, citing Daniels v. State, 573 S.W.2d 21, 24 (Tex.Cr.App.1978), and Dennis v. State, 647 S.W.2d 275, 278, 279 (Tex.Cr.App.1983). The court held that such an information and the conviction resulting therefrom could be attacked at any time. Finding the third-degree felony conviction for theft could not be sustained, the Court [481]*481of Appeals citing, Ex parte Lucky, 571 S.W.2d 913, 941 (Tex.Cr.App.1978), dismissed the original charging indictment drafted under § 31.03(d)(4)(C). McGinnis v. State (Tex.App.—Dallas 1986—No. 05-85-00518 CR).

We granted the State’s petition for discretionary review to consider the correctness of the holding of the Court of Appeals in light of the sole ground of review that the Court of Appeals erred in applying habeas corpus law on direct appeal without taking into consideration the procedural differences between a direct and collateral attack.

The State concedes that the exhibit introduced into evidence at appellant’s trial which contained the judgment and sentence and the information in question were certified copies of those instruments from the prior misdemeanor conviction4 in Cause No. F 77-04136-L. It acknowledges that blanks in the printed form of the felony information do not appear to have been filled in, and that the name of the defendant, the date and the allegations as to any offense are missing although the information is signed by the district attorney. The State points out the original information was prepared by the use of carbon paper and when photocopied an illegible copy was made. The missing portions of the information were apparently overlooked by the copier, the district clerk who certified the same, the assistant district attorney who introduced the same, the defense trial counsel who did not object and everyone else until different counsel on appeal for the appellant complained in an appellate brief.

The State notes that it filed a motion to supplement the record on appeal by offering to substitute the original information from the court’s file in cause No. F 77-4136-L which did not contain blanks. The motion was overruled. After the opinion of the Court of Appeals was delivered the State filed a motion for rehearing and a second motion to supplement by again offering to substitute the original information and attaching a copy thereof. The Court of Appeals overruled both the second motion to supplement and the motion for rehearing.

The State urges the instant case is a situation where a poor photocopy of an information underlying a prior conviction was introduced into evidence and the single issue presented is the sufficiency of the evidence to support the allegations of both of the prior convictions necessary to elevate the primary theft offense to a third-degree felony and that this is what the appellant alleged in his points of error. The State argues that the Court of Appeals’ analysis of what was involved was flawed, that the court applied habeas corpus law on direct appeal, apparently considered that a collateral attack was involved, and erred in dismissing the original charging instrument (indictment).

The State takes the position the evidence of the fingerprint expert that known fingerprints of the appellant were identical to the fingerprints of the defendant in the said prior conviction and the certified copies of the judgment and sentence from the said prior conviction admitted into evidence satisfied its burden of proof as to the allegations in the indictment as to the said prior conviction. The State cites Tinney v. State, 578 S.W.2d 137 (Tex.Cr.App.1979). See also Smith v. State, 683 S.W.2d 393 (Tex.Cr.App.1984); Johnson v. State, 725 S.W.2d 245 (Tex.Cr.App.1987). The State then argues that once the foregoing evidence was introduced the burden of proof then shifted to the appellant who must make an affirmative showing why the prior conviction was void or not legally admissible for the purpose of enhancement of punishment. See Smith v. State, supra; Hankins v.

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McGinnis v. State
746 S.W.2d 479 (Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas, 1988)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
746 S.W.2d 479, 1988 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 46, 1988 WL 18984, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/mcginnis-v-state-texcrimapp-1988.