McCormick v. Luke Collison Drywall & Constr., L.L.C.

2022 Ohio 4260

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: November 28, 2022
• Docket: 2021 CA 00036
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as McCormick v. Luke Collison Drywall & Constr., L.L.C., 2022-Ohio-4260.]

COURT OF APPEALS FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

KENDRA McCORMICK, et al. JUDGES: Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J. Plaintiffs-Appellants/Cross-Appellees Hon. John W. Wise, J. Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J. -vs-

LUKE COLLISON DRYWALL & Case No. 2021 CA 00036 CONSTRUCTION LLC

Defendant-Appellee/Cross-Appellant OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Civil Appeal from the Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2020 CV 00001

JUDGMENT: Dismissed

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: November 28, 2022

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiffs-Appellants/Cross-Appellees For Defendant-Appellee

BRUCE M. BROYLES DAVID W. ORLANDINI 1379 Standing Stone Way SUNNY L. HORACEK Lancaster, Ohi 43130 DAVID G. JENNINGS 655 Metro Place South, Suite 200 Dublin, Ohio 43017

For Defendant-Appellee/Cross Appellant

JEFFREY B. SAMS 10400 Blacklick Eastern Rd. NW, Suite 140 Pickerington, Ohio 43147 Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00036 2

Wise, J.

{¶1} Appellants Kendra McCormick and McCormick Farms, LLC appeal the

September 21, 2021, decision of the Fairfield County Court of Common Pleas granting

partial summary judgment in favor of Appellee Luke Collison Drywall & Construction, LLC

and the November 5, 2021, decision granting judgment in favor of Appellee on its

counterclaim after a bench trial.

STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE

{¶2} This action arises from an agreement between Appellant Kendra

McCormick (McCormick) and Appellee Luke Collison Drywall & Construction LLC

(Collison) for the demolition of an existing structure, construction of a new home, and the

remodeling of an existing garage. The house was constructed on land owned by Appellant

McCormick Farms, LLC.

{¶3} The relevant facts and procedural history are as follows:

{¶4} On May 31, 2019, Collison submitted an estimate to McCormick detailing

the work to be completed for the demolition, new construction and remodeling.

McCormick signed this estimate on July 17, 2019. At McCormick's request, on August 18,

2021, Collison submitted to McCormick Change Order #1.

{¶5} Change Order #1 detailed additional work McCormick requested to be

completed on the project, included an updated draw schedule, and contained a new grand

total for the agreed upon work of $246,000. On August 25, 2019, McCormick signed

Change Order #1, including the updated draw schedule and grand total.

{¶6} On August 12, 2019, McCormick paid Collison a $20,000 draw for the

demolition of the existing home and new foundation work. McCormick raised issues Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00036 3

regarding the design of the new home when Collison began work performing framing and

installing windows on the new structure.

{¶7} On September 10, 2019, McCormick expressed concerns that she still had

a lot of questions about the design of the home. At that point, Collison suggested that

they leave the project and that McCormick could pay for the work already completed.

{¶8} On September 13, 2019, McCormick paid Collison $65,000 for framing and

window installation. The total amount paid by McCormick to Collison for work completed

on the project was $85,000.

{¶9} Collison continued to perform work that included completing siding and

roofing of the new home and remodeling the existing garage.

{¶10} On October 4, 2019, McCormick requested a two-week delay on the project

to facilitate farming operations occurring on the property. Even though a delay was not

contained in the parties' agreement and any delay would have-implications for the cost

and the schedule of the project, Collison complied and stopped work on the project.

Collison indicated to McCormick that bills on the project would be coming due soon.

{¶11} Similar delays had occurred earlier in the project at McCormick's request,

including a delay of 12 days around the time the parties agreed to Change Order #1.

{¶12} On October 7, 2019, during the two-week delay, Collison requested a draw

of $52,400. The draw request consisted of a draw of $30,000 that was due when

siding/roofing was complete, and a draw of $24,000, less a $1,600 credit, that was due

upon completion of the garage remodeling. When requesting the draw from McCormick,

Collison indicated the draw was needed in order to make payments on labor and material

for the home that were due on October 10, 2019. Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00036 4

{¶13} Having not received payment for the requested draw, Collision inquired

again on October 10, 2019. McCormick stated that she was unable to pay the draw as

she was sick and her mother was in the hospital, but that she would contact Collison the

following day.

{¶14} On October 12, 2019, still having not paid the draw, McCormick requested

all work stop on the project until she was able to sell her existing home, which ultimately

did not occur until December 2019.

{¶15} On October 13, 2019, Collison removed their equipment, tools, and

materials from the project site.

{¶16} Subsequently, Plaintiff Kendra McCormick arranged for the project to be

completed by another contractor.

{¶17} On January 2, 2020, Appellants Kendra McCormick and McCormick Farms,

LLC filed a Complaint against Appellee Luke Collison Drywall & Construction LLC in the

Fairfield Court of Common Pleas, alleging five (5) claims for relief: (1) breach of contract,

(2) a violation of R.C. §4127.22, (3) slander of title, (4) abuse of process, and (5)

declaratory judgment.

{¶18} On March 2, 2020, Appellee filed its Answer and Counterclaim alleging that

Kendra McCormick breached the parties' contract and owes Appellee eighty-three

thousand dollars ($83,000.00), that it was entitled to be compensated based upon unjust

enrichment and quantum meruit, and that Appellant Kendra McCormick was liable for

fraud.

{¶19} On June 21, 2021, Appellee filed a motion for summary judgment. Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00036 5

{¶20} On July 14, 2021, Appellants filed their memorandum in opposition to

motion for summary judgment.

{¶21} By Judgment Entry filed September 21, 2021, the trial court granted partial

summary judgment in favor of Appellee. The trial court found that an implied contract for

the construction of the house existed between Appellee Luke Collison Drywall &

Construction, LLC and McCormick Farms, LLC, the owner of the real property. As a result,

Appellee's mechanic's lien on the real property of McCormick Farms, LLC was valid.

Therefore, the trial court granted summary judgment on the claims of slander of title,

abuse of process, and the request for declaratory judgment. The trial court also granted

summary judgment on Appellant Kendra McCormick's claim for breach of contract finding

that she could not demonstrate that the cost to complete the contract exceeded the

original contract amount. The trial court allowed Appellants' claim of a violation of R.C.

§4127.22 to remain for trial.

{¶22} Appellants proceeded on their claim for violation of R.C. Chapter 4722 and

Appellee proceeded on its Counterclaim. Prior to trial, Appellants and Appellee stipulated

to the violations of R.C. 4722, agreed that Appellants were not entitled to any actual

economic damages but was entitled to an award of nominal damages in the amount of

ten dollars ($10.00).

{¶23} On September 28, 2021, Appellee’s Counterclaim proceeded to a trial

before the bench. The parties subsequently filed submitted post-trial briefs.

{¶24} By Opinion of the Court and Final Judgment Entry filed November 5, 2021,

the trial court granted judgment in favor of Appellee in the amount of $83,000.00, jointly Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00036 6

and severally, against Appellants, specifically finding that Appellant Kendra McCormick

was in breach of the contract, and Appellee was not in breach of the contract.

{¶25} On November 10, 2021, Appellee filed an affidavit, order, and notice of

garnishment.

{¶26} On November 17, 2021, the garnishee remitted payment to the trial court

for the full amount of the judgment.

{¶27} On November 17, 2021, Appellants filed a motion to stay execution.

{¶28} On December 7, 2021, the trial court granted Appellants’ motion to stay on

condition that Appellants file a surety with the trial court in either a $100,000.00

supersedeas bond or a $100,000.00 cash deposit. If Appellants failed to do so, the

garnishment proceeds were to be released to Appellee. The court ordered that the surety

was to be posted no later than December 14, 2021.

{¶29} Appellants failed to post the surety, and the Clerk of Courts remitted the

garnishment proceeds to Appellee.

{¶30} On January 7, 2022, Appellee filed a satisfaction of judgment.

{¶31} Appellants now appeal, assigning the following errors for review:

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

{¶32} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING SUMMARY JUDGMENT

ON THE BREACH OF CONTRACT CLAIM WHEN GENUINE ISSUES OF MATERIAL

FACT REMAINED, BY REQUIRING APPELLANTS TO PROVIDE "THEIR OWN

EVIDENCE" IN OPPOSITION TO THE MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT. Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00036 7

{¶33} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING AN IMPLIED CONTRACT

BETWEEN LUKE COLLISON DRYWALL & CONSTRUCTION AND MCCORMICK

FARMS, LLC RENDERING THE MECHANIC'S LIEN VALID.

{¶34} “III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING JUDGMENT IN FAVOR

OF APPELLEE AND AGAINST MCCORMICK FARMS LLC ON THE CLAIM OF UNJUST

ENRICHMENT.

{¶35} “IV. THE TRIAL COURT'S FINDING THAT KENDRA MCCORMICK

BREACHED THE PARTIES' CONTRACT ON OCTOBER 12, 2019 IS AGAINST THE

MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.”

{¶36} Appellee has also filed a cross-appeal in this matter and raises the following

sole error for review:

APPELLEE’S CROSS-ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

{¶37} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT FAILED TO

AWARD APPELLEE PREJUDGMENT INTEREST AS MANDATED BY R.C. §

1343.03(A).”

I., II., III., & IV.

Motion to Dismiss

{¶38} Before turning to the merits of this case, we must first address Appellee’s

motion to dismiss this appeal. Appellee argues this appeal is moot because the judgment

has been satisfied through its garnishment of Appellants’ accounts after Appellants failed

to post a supersedeas bond.

{¶39} On January 7, 2022, Appellee filed a Motion to Dismiss this appeal based

on mootness. Appellants filed a Response and Appellee filed a Reply. Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00036 8

{¶40} By Judgment Entry filed March 21, 2022, this Court took the motion under

advisement and informed the parties that the panel would consider the motion at the time

of merit review.

{¶41} All parties waived oral argument so no further argument was made on the

motion.

{¶42} In its Motion to Dismiss, Appellee argued therein that this appeal is moot

because the judgment has been satisfied and because Appellants failed to obtain a stay

of the trial court’s judgment. Appellants contend the judgment has not been fully satisfied

because Appellee has not received the interest awarded. Appellee, in turn, argued that

the trial court only awarded post-judgment interest and because the funds were obtained

on the day of judgment, no interest was due. Appellee asserts that both Appellants’ appeal

and Appellee’s cross-appeal were rendered moot when Appellee satisfied its judgment

on January 7, 2022.

{¶43} It is a “well-established principle of law” that voluntary satisfaction of a

judgment renders an appeal from that judgment moot. Blodgett v. Blodgett, 49 Ohio St.3d

243, 245, 551 N.E.2d 1249 (1990); see also Francis David Corp. v. MAC Auto Mart, Inc.,

8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 93951, 2010-Ohio-1215, ¶ 11 (“ ‘Voluntary satisfaction of

judgment waives the right to appeal.’ ”), quoting Brickman v. Frank G. Brickman Trust,

8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 81778, 2004-Ohio-2006, ¶ 8. As the Ohio Supreme Court

explained in Blodgett:

“ ‘Where the court rendering judgment has jurisdiction of the subject-

matter of the action and of the parties, and fraud has not intervened, and

the judgment is voluntarily paid and satisfied, such payment puts an end to Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00036 9

the controversy, and takes away from the defendant the right to appeal or

prosecute error or even to move for vacation of judgment.’ ”

{¶44} Blodgett at 245, 551 N.E.2d 1249, quoting Rauch v. Noble, 169 Ohio St.

314, 316, 159 N.E.2d 451 (1959), quoting Lynch v. Lakewood City School Dist. Bd. of

Edn., 116 Ohio St. 361, 156 N.E. 188 (1927), paragraph three of the syllabus; see also

Cleveland v. Embassy Realty Invests., Inc., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 105091, 2018-Ohio-

4335, ¶ 20 (If the successful party obtains a satisfaction of the judgment, any appeal

“‘must be dismissed because the issues raised in the appeal have become moot.’ ”),

quoting Hagood v. Gail, 105 Ohio App.3d 780, 785, 664 N.E.2d 1373 (11th Dist.1995).

{¶45} If a party adversely affected by a judgment fails to obtain a stay of the

judgment, the successful party to the judgment has the right to attempt to obtain a

satisfaction of the judgment even if an appeal of the judgment is pending. See, e.g.,

Trumbull Twp. Bd. of Trustees v. Rickard, 11th Dist. Ashtabula No. 2017-A-0048, 2019-

Ohio-2502, ¶ 22, 27; Wiest v. Wiegele, 170 Ohio App.3d 700, 2006-Ohio-5348, 868

N.E.2d 1040, ¶ 12 (1st Dist.). Where a party is entitled to enforce a judgment, actions to

enforce the judgment do not render subsequent payment involuntary. CommuniCare

Health Servs. v. Murvine, 9th Dist. Summit No. 23557, 2007-Ohio-4651, ¶ 19. An

appellant is deemed to have acted voluntarily in satisfying a judgment when the appellant

fails to seek a stay of execution prior to the judgment being satisfied. Hagood at 790, 664

N.E.2d 1373. As the Third District explained in Crites v. Crites, 3d Dist. Defiance No. 4-

18-03, 2019-Ohio-1043:

Generally, a party may avoid a voluntary satisfaction of judgment by

moving to stay execution of the judgment and by posting a supersedeas Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00036 10

bond in an amount deemed by the trial court to be adequate to secure the

judgment. See R.C. 2505.09; Civ.R. 62(B); App.R. 7(A), (B). “ ‘Once the

appellant obtains the stay of execution, neither the trial court nor the non-

appealing party is able to enforce the judgment.’ ” Alan v. Burns, 9th Dist.

Medina No. 3271-M, 2002-Ohio-7313, ¶ 5, quoting LaFarciola v. Elbert, 9th

Dist. Lorain No. 98CA007134, 1999 WL 1215115, *2, 1999 Ohio App.

LEXIS 5833, *2 (Dec. 8, 1999). “ ‘The lone requirement of Civ.R. 62(B) is

the giving of an adequate supersedeas bond.’ ” Id., quoting State ex rel.

Ocasek v. Riley, 54 Ohio St.2d 488, 490, 377 N.E.2d 792 (1978).

Conversely, “[a] judgment is voluntarily satisfied ‘where the party fails to

seek a stay prior to the satisfaction of [the] judgment.’ ” Summit Servicing

Agency, L.L.C. v. Hunt, 9th Dist. Summit No. 28699, 2018-Ohio-2494, ¶ 13,

quoting CommuniCare Health Servs., Inc. v. Murvine, 9th Dist. Summit No.

23557, 2007-Ohio-4651, ¶ 20. Id. at ¶ 11.

{¶46} This rule applies to garnishment proceedings:

Obtaining satisfaction through garnishment proceedings is

considered a “voluntary” payment. Francis David Corp. v. MAC Auto Mart,

Inc., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 93951, 2010-Ohio-1215, ¶ 12. In order to avoid

execution on the judgment, a stay of execution must be obtained and a

supersedeas bond or its equivalent must be posted. Id. In the event a

judgment is satisfied through garnishment or attachment, any pending

appeal is deemed moot and dismissal of the appeal is the appropriate

remedy. Id.; Cleveland v. Embassy Realty Invests., Inc., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00036 11

No. 105091, 2018-Ohio-4335, ¶ 23. * * * It is the appellant's responsibility

to ensure the stay is obtained in order to preserve appellate review.

Cleveland v. Spears, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 107841, 2019-Ohio-3041, ¶ 8-9.

{¶47} In other words, a judgment satisfied through garnishment proceedings is

not considered an “involuntary payment” if the judgment creditor was entitled to enforce

the judgment at that time and the judgment debtor could have availed itself of a “ ‘viable

legal remedy,’ ” i.e., posting a supersedeas bond to obtain a stay of execution, but failed

to do so. Reliable Credit Assn. v. SAFA, Inc., 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2018-11-223, 2019-

Ohio-2492, ¶ 17-19 (appellant voluntarily satisfied judgment rendering appeal moot where

judgment was satisfied through garnishment proceedings and appellant did not seek a

stay of execution of the garnishment or otherwise object to the garnishment), quoting

Francis David, 2010-Ohio-1215, at ¶ 12. See O'Donnell v. Northeast Ohio Neighborhood

Health Services, Inc., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 108541, 2020-Ohio-1609, ¶¶ 40-43;

DeMeter v. Castle Bail Bonds, Inc., 10th Dist. Franklin No. 14AP-918, 2015-Ohio-2540, ¶

7-8 (judgment was satisfied in full rendering appeal moot after trial court disbursed

garnished funds to appellee); Capital Communications v. GBS Corp., 10th Dist. Franklin

No. 10AP-08, 2010-Ohio-5964, ¶ 9-15 (appeal moot when appellant failed to seek a stay

to prevent the distribution of escrowed funds that satisfied judgment); RNE Ents., LLC v.

Imperial Kitchen Cabinet Factory, LLC, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 110747, 2022-Ohio-1671

(notice of satisfaction rendered appeal of default judgment moot); RNE Ents., LLC v.

Imperial Kitchen Cabinet Factory, LLC, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 111036, 2022-Ohio-1844

(appeal of garnishment proceedings moot after satisfaction of judgment filed). Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00036 12

{¶48} Likewise, accepting payment of the judgment renders an appeal from that

judgment moot. See Mason v. Mason, 8th Dist. Nos. 80368, 80407, 2002-Ohio-6042, at

¶¶ 4-5; see, also, Clear Creek Partnership v. Lebeau (Apr. 28, 1998), 10th Dist. Nos.

97APE04-568, and 97APE04-069, 1998 Ohio App. LEXIS 1890, at *12, citing Darwish v.

Harmon (1992), 91 Ohio App.3d 630, 632-633, 633 N.E.2d 546 (“A party cannot pursue

an appeal on damages issues for which such party has been fully compensated.”).

{¶49} In this case, because Appellants failed to obtain a stay of execution and

Appellee successfully obtained a satisfaction of judgment, we find that an appeal of that

judgment is now moot.

{¶50} For the foregoing reasons, we conclude that an appeal of the satisfied

judgment is moot. Thus, we will not consider Appellants’ assignments of error or

Appellee’s cross-assignment of error.

{¶51} Accordingly, the appeal from the judgment of the Fairfield County Court is

dismissed.

By: Wise, J.

Hoffman, P. J., and

Delaney, concur.

JWW/kw 11/22