UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
) FIELD McCONNELL, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) Civil Action No. 08-1600 (RMC) ) AIR LINE PILOTS’ ASSOCIATION, ) INTERNATIONAL, ) ) Defendant. ) )
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Pilot Field McConnell, proceeding pro se, alleges that the Air Line Pilots’
Association, International, (“ALPA”) breached its duty of fair representation by failing to
represent him properly in the grievance process with his former employer, Northwest Airlines,
Inc. ALPA filed a motion for summary judgment. Because the Complaint is time-barred under
the applicable statute of limitations, summary judgment will be granted in favor of ALPA.
I. FACTS
Mr. McConnell was employed as a pilot with Northwest Airlines, Inc. (“NWA”).
In November of 2006, he went on sick leave. Pursuant to the collective bargaining agreement
between NWA and its pilots, NWA could order a pilot who was on sick leave for more than 60
days to submit to a medical exam. The collective bargaining agreement provided:
B. 1. If the Company has reasonable cause to believe that a pilot has developed a medical impairment to his ability to perform his duties between the routine medical examinations required by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Company may require said pilot to submit to a medical examination from a non-AME1 medical doctor chosen by the Company. The Company will be entitled to: (i) submit to the medical doctor a written explanation of the circumstances giving rise to the request for an examination, and/or (ii) require that the pilot submit to an examination by any non-AME specialist(s) recommended by such doctor.
...
Note: This Paragraph B. shall not preclude the Company from requiring a pilot to submit to a medical examination under the following circumstances: (i) application for disability retirement; (ii) initial Captain checkout; (iii) election for continued flying as a Second Officer beyond the regulated age (see Section 24 M); and (iv) a pilot who is on sick leave or medical leave of absence for 60 or more consecutive days.
Def.’s Mot. for Summ. J. [Dkt. # 28], Plunkett Decl., Ex. 1 (Collective Bargaining Agreement
§15, ¶ B.1).
In January of 2007, after Mr. McConnell had been on sick leave for more than
sixty days, NWA ordered him to undergo a medical examination. Mr. McConnell objected to
taking the exam, and he sought assistance from ALPA. Mr. McConnell contended that NWA
lacked reasonable cause to order such a medical exam. Despite his objection, Mr. McConnell
reported for the exam on January 31, 2007. After that exam, NWA directed Mr. McConnell to
submit to an additional examination by a neuro-psychologist, Dr. Elliot, in Los Angeles on
March 1 and 2, 2007. Mr. McConnell did not attend the March 1 and 2 appointment.
NWA wrote to Mr. McConnell that due to his failure to attend the March 1 and 2
appointment, NWA removed Mr. McConnell from sick leave status effective March 2, 2007,
pending Mr. McConnell’s compliance with the medical exam requirement. See Plunkett Decl.,
1 An AME doctor is an aero medical doctor certified by the Federal Aviation Administration to determine pilots’ fitness for flying. Compl. ¶ 12.
-2- Ex. 4 (Mar. 13, 2007 letter). NWA rescheduled the appointment with Dr. Elliott to March 26,
2007. Instead of attending the rescheduled appointment, Mr. McConnell retired on March 13,
2007. Id., Ex. 5 (June 7, 2007 email); see also id., Ex. 6 (June 29, 2007 email).
Mr. McConnell decided that he wanted to grieve his removal from payroll
effective March 2. ALPA is the collective bargaining representative of pilots employed by
NWA. On June 30, 2007, ALPA filed a grievance on his behalf. An ALPA attorney, Robert
Plunkett, filed the grievance. The grievance alleged that Mr. McConnell “did not receive any
directive or direction to see Dr. Elliott” and that he learned of the March 1 and 2 appointment via
the March 13 letter from NWA. Id., Ex. 11 (Pre-Grievance No. PGR-1943-07). As a remedy,
the grievance requested that NWA pay Mr. McConnell sick leave from March 2, 2007 until his
retirement on March 13, 2007, and to recalculate his pension benefits to include this sick leave.
Id.
While Mr. McConnell claims he never received written notice of the March 1 and
2 appointment with Dr. Elliott, see Compl. ¶ 20, the record shows that Mr. McConnell actually
knew of the ordered exam and the scheduled March dates. Mr. McConnell noted in a February 6,
2007 email, “I am being sent to LA to see a “neuro-psychiatrist” and “[t]he appointment is set for
1 and 2 March.” Plunkett Decl., Ex. 3 (Feb. 6, 2007 email).
On July 3, 2007, Mr. McConnell copied Mr. Plunkett on an email to another
person, indicating that Mr. McConnell wanted to be (1) compensated at the pay rate of a 747-400
aircraft pilot until he turned 65 or (2) restored to flying. Id., Ex. 12 (July 3, 2007 email). Mr.
Plunkett responded to Mr. McConnell, explaining that the grievance that ALPA filed for him
covered back pay from March 2 to March 13 when Mr. McConnell retired. “We have filed no
-3- claim for pay at 400 rates until you would turn 65 as you voluntarily retired and no claim can be
brought.” Id.
On July 8, 2007, Mr. McConnell sent an email to Mr. Plunkett, stating that he
wanted to cancel his grievance as follows:
Please cancel my grievance. I had requested to be returned to flying or be paid out to retirement age. I do not consider 6 days pay adequate. I spoke with a DOJ official who suggested I consider a Qui Tam filing. I have located a QT attorney and I anticipate a meeting with FBI Intel fairly soon. Please advise NWA legal of this request to cancel.
Id., Ex. 13 (July 8, 2007 email). Mr. McConnell followed this up with a formal letter, stating “it
is my demand that my grievance against NWA be dropped in that it is totally inadequate and
contrary to my written instructions.” Id., Ex. 15 (July 10, 2007 letter); see also id., Ex. 17 (July
12, 2007 email) (“ALPA had offered to grieve my removal from pay without cause. However, I
had an immediate family member (DOJ) see the communication trail on this and she suggested
another remedy. ALPA was kind enough to abort the grievance.”).
Mr. McConnell filed this suit on September 17, 2008, alleging that ALPA failed
to properly represent him in the grievance process and that ALPA permitted “Plaintiff to be
subjected to unfair and biased treatment by NWA,” thereby causing Plaintiff to incur the loss of
his employment at NWA. In other words, the Complaint alleges that ALPA breached its duty of
fair representation by failing to pursue Mr. McConnell’s grievance against NWA.2
2 Mr. McConnell also alleges that he complained to NWA regarding safety concerns, that modifications have been made to Boeing airplanes that are unsafe and illegal, and that this is the cause of various airplane crashes. See Compl. ¶¶ 26-29. He also alleges that Boeing illegally exported military technology regarding the QRS 11 Gyrochips. Id. ¶ 27. NWA and Boeing are not parties to this suit, and thus, these allegations are not relevant to Mr. McConnell’s suit against ALPA.
-4- ALPA moved for summary judgment. See Def.’s Mot. for Summ. J. [Dkt. 28].
Mr. McConnell objects and moves for summary judgment in his own favor. See Pl.’s Opp’ns
[Dkt. ## 30 & 33].
II. STANDARD FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
Under Rule 56
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
) FIELD McCONNELL, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) Civil Action No. 08-1600 (RMC) ) AIR LINE PILOTS’ ASSOCIATION, ) INTERNATIONAL, ) ) Defendant. ) )
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Pilot Field McConnell, proceeding pro se, alleges that the Air Line Pilots’
Association, International, (“ALPA”) breached its duty of fair representation by failing to
represent him properly in the grievance process with his former employer, Northwest Airlines,
Inc. ALPA filed a motion for summary judgment. Because the Complaint is time-barred under
the applicable statute of limitations, summary judgment will be granted in favor of ALPA.
I. FACTS
Mr. McConnell was employed as a pilot with Northwest Airlines, Inc. (“NWA”).
In November of 2006, he went on sick leave. Pursuant to the collective bargaining agreement
between NWA and its pilots, NWA could order a pilot who was on sick leave for more than 60
days to submit to a medical exam. The collective bargaining agreement provided:
B. 1. If the Company has reasonable cause to believe that a pilot has developed a medical impairment to his ability to perform his duties between the routine medical examinations required by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Company may require said pilot to submit to a medical examination from a non-AME1 medical doctor chosen by the Company. The Company will be entitled to: (i) submit to the medical doctor a written explanation of the circumstances giving rise to the request for an examination, and/or (ii) require that the pilot submit to an examination by any non-AME specialist(s) recommended by such doctor.
...
Note: This Paragraph B. shall not preclude the Company from requiring a pilot to submit to a medical examination under the following circumstances: (i) application for disability retirement; (ii) initial Captain checkout; (iii) election for continued flying as a Second Officer beyond the regulated age (see Section 24 M); and (iv) a pilot who is on sick leave or medical leave of absence for 60 or more consecutive days.
Def.’s Mot. for Summ. J. [Dkt. # 28], Plunkett Decl., Ex. 1 (Collective Bargaining Agreement
§15, ¶ B.1).
In January of 2007, after Mr. McConnell had been on sick leave for more than
sixty days, NWA ordered him to undergo a medical examination. Mr. McConnell objected to
taking the exam, and he sought assistance from ALPA. Mr. McConnell contended that NWA
lacked reasonable cause to order such a medical exam. Despite his objection, Mr. McConnell
reported for the exam on January 31, 2007. After that exam, NWA directed Mr. McConnell to
submit to an additional examination by a neuro-psychologist, Dr. Elliot, in Los Angeles on
March 1 and 2, 2007. Mr. McConnell did not attend the March 1 and 2 appointment.
NWA wrote to Mr. McConnell that due to his failure to attend the March 1 and 2
appointment, NWA removed Mr. McConnell from sick leave status effective March 2, 2007,
pending Mr. McConnell’s compliance with the medical exam requirement. See Plunkett Decl.,
1 An AME doctor is an aero medical doctor certified by the Federal Aviation Administration to determine pilots’ fitness for flying. Compl. ¶ 12.
-2- Ex. 4 (Mar. 13, 2007 letter). NWA rescheduled the appointment with Dr. Elliott to March 26,
2007. Instead of attending the rescheduled appointment, Mr. McConnell retired on March 13,
2007. Id., Ex. 5 (June 7, 2007 email); see also id., Ex. 6 (June 29, 2007 email).
Mr. McConnell decided that he wanted to grieve his removal from payroll
effective March 2. ALPA is the collective bargaining representative of pilots employed by
NWA. On June 30, 2007, ALPA filed a grievance on his behalf. An ALPA attorney, Robert
Plunkett, filed the grievance. The grievance alleged that Mr. McConnell “did not receive any
directive or direction to see Dr. Elliott” and that he learned of the March 1 and 2 appointment via
the March 13 letter from NWA. Id., Ex. 11 (Pre-Grievance No. PGR-1943-07). As a remedy,
the grievance requested that NWA pay Mr. McConnell sick leave from March 2, 2007 until his
retirement on March 13, 2007, and to recalculate his pension benefits to include this sick leave.
Id.
While Mr. McConnell claims he never received written notice of the March 1 and
2 appointment with Dr. Elliott, see Compl. ¶ 20, the record shows that Mr. McConnell actually
knew of the ordered exam and the scheduled March dates. Mr. McConnell noted in a February 6,
2007 email, “I am being sent to LA to see a “neuro-psychiatrist” and “[t]he appointment is set for
1 and 2 March.” Plunkett Decl., Ex. 3 (Feb. 6, 2007 email).
On July 3, 2007, Mr. McConnell copied Mr. Plunkett on an email to another
person, indicating that Mr. McConnell wanted to be (1) compensated at the pay rate of a 747-400
aircraft pilot until he turned 65 or (2) restored to flying. Id., Ex. 12 (July 3, 2007 email). Mr.
Plunkett responded to Mr. McConnell, explaining that the grievance that ALPA filed for him
covered back pay from March 2 to March 13 when Mr. McConnell retired. “We have filed no
-3- claim for pay at 400 rates until you would turn 65 as you voluntarily retired and no claim can be
brought.” Id.
On July 8, 2007, Mr. McConnell sent an email to Mr. Plunkett, stating that he
wanted to cancel his grievance as follows:
Please cancel my grievance. I had requested to be returned to flying or be paid out to retirement age. I do not consider 6 days pay adequate. I spoke with a DOJ official who suggested I consider a Qui Tam filing. I have located a QT attorney and I anticipate a meeting with FBI Intel fairly soon. Please advise NWA legal of this request to cancel.
Id., Ex. 13 (July 8, 2007 email). Mr. McConnell followed this up with a formal letter, stating “it
is my demand that my grievance against NWA be dropped in that it is totally inadequate and
contrary to my written instructions.” Id., Ex. 15 (July 10, 2007 letter); see also id., Ex. 17 (July
12, 2007 email) (“ALPA had offered to grieve my removal from pay without cause. However, I
had an immediate family member (DOJ) see the communication trail on this and she suggested
another remedy. ALPA was kind enough to abort the grievance.”).
Mr. McConnell filed this suit on September 17, 2008, alleging that ALPA failed
to properly represent him in the grievance process and that ALPA permitted “Plaintiff to be
subjected to unfair and biased treatment by NWA,” thereby causing Plaintiff to incur the loss of
his employment at NWA. In other words, the Complaint alleges that ALPA breached its duty of
fair representation by failing to pursue Mr. McConnell’s grievance against NWA.2
2 Mr. McConnell also alleges that he complained to NWA regarding safety concerns, that modifications have been made to Boeing airplanes that are unsafe and illegal, and that this is the cause of various airplane crashes. See Compl. ¶¶ 26-29. He also alleges that Boeing illegally exported military technology regarding the QRS 11 Gyrochips. Id. ¶ 27. NWA and Boeing are not parties to this suit, and thus, these allegations are not relevant to Mr. McConnell’s suit against ALPA.
-4- ALPA moved for summary judgment. See Def.’s Mot. for Summ. J. [Dkt. 28].
Mr. McConnell objects and moves for summary judgment in his own favor. See Pl.’s Opp’ns
[Dkt. ## 30 & 33].
II. STANDARD FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
Under Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, summary judgment shall
be granted “if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the
movant is entitled to judgement as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a); accord Anderson v.
Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247 (1986). Moreover, summary judgment is properly granted
against a party who “after adequate time for discovery and upon motion . . . fails to make a
showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party’s case, and on
which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial.” Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317,
322 (1986).
In ruling on a motion for summary judgment, the court must draw all justifiable
inferences in the nonmoving party’s favor and accept the nonmoving party’s evidence as true.
Anderson, 477 U.S. at 255. A nonmoving party, however, must establish more than “the mere
existence of a scintilla of evidence” in support of its position. Id. at 252. In addition, the
nonmoving party may not rely solely on allegations or conclusory statements. Greene v. Dalton,
164 F.3d 671, 675 (D.C. Cir. 1999). Rather, the nonmoving party must present specific facts that
would enable a reasonable jury to find in its favor. Id. at 675. If the evidence “is merely
colorable, or is not significantly probative, summary judgment may be granted.” Anderson, 477
U.S. at 249-50 (citations omitted).
-5- III. ANALYSIS
Duty of fair representation claims made under Section 10(b) of the National Labor
Relations Act (“NLRA”), 29 U.S.C. § 160(b), are subject to a six-month statute of limitations.
DelCostello v. Int’l Bhd. of Teamsters, 462 U.S. 151, 169-72 (1983) (six-month limitations
period found in the NLRA applies to hybrid suit against the union and the employer); see also
George v. Local 639, 100 F.3d 1008, 1014 (D.C. Cir. 1996) (six-month statute of limitations
applies to suits where only the union is sued). Every circuit that has addressed the issue has held
that the six-month statute of limitations also applies to cases under the Railway Labor Act
(“RLA”), 45 U.S.C. §§ 151-188. See, e.g., Ramey v. Dist. 141 Int’l Ass’n of Machinists, 378
F.3d 269, 277-78 (2d Cir. 2004); Wood v. Houston Belt & Terminal Ry., 958 F.2d 95, 97 (5th Cir.
1992); Lea v. Republic Airlines, Inc., 903 F.2d 624, 633 n.13 (9th Cir. 1990) (collecting cases
from numerous circuits). Because ALPA is a labor organization under the RLA, the statute of
limitations applicable to a RLA claim applies here.
In a duty of fair representation case, the six-month statute of limitations begins to
run when the claimant discovers, or in the exercise of reasonable diligence should discover, the
acts that form the basis of his claim. Wood, 958 F.2d at 97; see also Watkins v. Commc’n
Workers of Am., 736 F. Supp. 1156, 1160 (D.D.C. 1990) (timeliness is measured from when the
employee knew or should have known of the last action taken by the union which constituted the
alleged breach of duty of fair representation). Thus, in a case where the claimant contends that
the union improperly abandoned his grievance, the six-month period begins to run when the
employee knew or should have known that the union had stopped pursuing his grievance.
Cephas v. MVM, Inc., 520 F.3d 480, 488 (D.C. Cir. 2008) (citing Sanders v. Hughes, Aircraft
-6- Co., 26 F.3d 132 (Table), 1994 WL 227971 (9th Cir. 1994)).
The duty of fair representation claim in this case is based on ALPA’s alleged
failure to pursue Mr. McConnell’s June 30, 2007 grievance. Mr. McConnell, however, directed
ALPA to withdraw his grievance via a July 8, 2007 email and confirmed his desire to withdraw
the grievance in a letter dated July 10, 2007. On July 12, 2007, Mr. McConnell noted in an email
that “ALPA was kind enough to abort the grievance.” Plunkett Decl., Ex. 17 (July 12, 2007
email). Thus, by at least July 12, 2007, Mr. McConnell knew that ALPA was no longer pursuing
his grievance. He had six months from the time he knew or should have known that ALPA
stopped pursuing his grievance to bring suit. Thus, Mr. McConnell needed to file suit against
ALPA regarding his breach of duty of fair representation claim no later than January 12, 2008.
He did not file this suit until September 17, 2008, well after the statute of limitations had expired.
Because this suit is barred by the statute of limitations, the motion for summary judgment will be
granted and the Complaint will be dismissed.3
IV. CONCLUSION
Accordingly, ALPA’s motion for summary judgment [Dkt. # 28] will be granted.
A memorializing Order accompanies this Memorandum Opinion.
Date: January 24, 2011 /s/ ROSEMARY M. COLLYER United States District Judge
3 Further, to establish a breach of the duty of fair representation, a plaintiff must show that the union’s conduct was arbitrary, discriminatory, in bad faith, or otherwise unrelated to legitimate union objectives. Amalgamated Ass’n of St., Elec. Ry. & Motor Coach Emp. v. Lockridge, 403 U.S. 274, 299-301 (1971). Here, ALPA stopped pursuing Mr. McConnell’s grievance when Mr. McConnell requested that the grievance be withdrawn.
-7-