NORTHCUTT, Justice.
This is an action by Raymond McClendon as plaintiff against Fire Association of Philadelphia, a corpor'ation, and Tom Long, Roy L. Suddarth and A. D. Suddarth as defendants. The style of the case, however, lists "Ray McClendon'as plaintiff but, for the purpose of this opinion, it will be considered that Ray and Raymond are thé same person. The parties at this .point of the opinion will be designated as they were in the trial court. Tom Long, Roy L. Suddarth and A. D. Suddarth will not be considered any further herein. In referring to the defendant, we will have •reference only to the Fire Association of ■Philadelphia.
Plaintiff alleged that he had been the owner of the property in question since about September 14, 1949 and, on that date, defendant insured said risk in the sum of $3,000, under policy Not F-S397, with total coverage of $2,500 on. the building and $500 on the contents of said building. Plaintiff alleged that said property was destroyed by fire on or about April 24, 1950. and alleged the reasonable market value of the contents of the building was $500. Plaintiff . further alleged that the policy provided, in the event of total loss of said building by fire, that said policy becomes a liquidated demand for the face of the same and then alleges total loss and liquidated demand and seeks judgment for $3,000 with six per cent interest from April 24, 1950.
Defendant answered-and denied that it had any contract of fire insurance with the plaintiff on April 24, 1950, or at any time prior thereto and, since it had no contract with the plaintiff at the time of the alleged loss or any other time, it was without liability to the plaintiff. Defendant further answered that if there was ever any contract of insurance between the plaintiff and the defendant in the amount covering the property in question, that the said contract or policy of insurance was 'cancelled long prior to April 24, 1950 and that the cancellation was well-known to the plaintiff or his agents, servants, employees or associates. Defendant presented other pleadings not necessary to mention here.
After- the plaintiff had announced he would rest, the defendant, by a motion duly filed; requested the court to instruct, the jury to return a verdict in favor of. the defendant or, in the alternative,- to withdraw the case from the consideration of the jury and to render judgment,in its favor. As grounds for such request, appellee alleged in effect that there was no evidence to prove or tending to prove-the issuance of a fire insurance policy to plaintiff by defendant in any sum to cover 'premises [449]*449known as Archway Club or that the evidence was, at least, insufficient to require the submission of' an issue on such a matt.er ; that there was no evidence to show that such a policy, if issued, was in effect on the date of the alleged fire; that such proof as may have been heard concerning the issuance of a policy was at variance with and materially different from the policy pleaded by plaintiff, that there was no evidence showing plaintiff had given notice or filed a proper proof of loss if a valid policy did exist. The court granted defendant’s motion and withdrew the case from the consideration of the jury and rendered judgment that the plaintiff recover nothing of and from- the defendant and that the defendant go hence without its costs and that plaintiff pay all costs. To which action of the court, the plaintiff excepted and has perfected this appeal. Hereafter, plaintiff will be referred to as appellant and defendant as appellee.
Appellant presents this appeal upon two points of error as follows:
“Point I
“The trial court erred in refusing to allow the appellant to secure the possession of policy No. F-5397 from appel-lee’s attorney, Mr. R. B. Cousins, III by subpoena duces tecum.
“Point II
“The trial court erred in refusing to allow appellant to prove insurance policy No. F-5397 by secondary evidence.”
Concerning appellant’s first point of error wherein he complains of the action of the court in refusing to allow the appellant to secure possession of policy No. F-5397 from appellee’s attorney, Mr. Cousins; by subpoena duces tecum, we cannot agree that the court so held. Both of appellant’s points of error will be discussed jointly.
Appellant brought this action to recover upon policy No. F-5397 dated September 14, 1949. He did not plead that a policy was issued to him and that he did not have the same in his possession and could, not describe the policy nor did he give any notice for the appellee to produce the policy or secondary evidence thereof would be offered. At no time did the appellant request permission of the court to filé trial amendment seeking to show there might be another policy upon which appellee might be held liable but continued to seek relief under policy No. F-5397 dated September 14, 1949. It might be noted, after showing that F. E. Thomas was the insurance agent for appellee and several other insurance companies, Thomas was asked if he wrote a policy dated September 14, 1949, in these other companies; but appellant did not ask Thomas if he wrote a policy for appellant with appellee company on September 14, 1949. After appellant asked the witness Thomas if he had written these other policies with these other companies, he then asked Thomas if he, Thomas, wrote a policy in appellee’s company dated October 10, 1949. After objections were made, the court announced that he would let the matter be developed in the absence of the jury and rule later on the admissibility of the evidence. The jury was retired. In the absence of the jury, appellant continued to ask about a policy dated October 10, 1949. Thomas acknowledged that he issued a policy on October 10, 1949, payable to McClendon and Long but that it was cancelled and returned to the appel-lee. During the time the jury was retired, the appellant called the appellee’s attorney as a witness and asked him “Do you have in. your possession, a policy?” The attorney answered “Yes”. At this juncture, appellant had the appellee’s attorney served with a subpoena duces tecum directing him to produce “a. certain fire insurance policy No. F-5397 dated September 14, 1949 issued to Raymond McClendon by Fire Association of Philadelphia.” Appellee’s attorney answered that he did not have a policy dated September 14, 1949, issued to Raymond McClendon and that he did not have any ■ policy issued to Raymond Mc-Clendon. The testimony was undisputed that the' policy issued October 10, 1949 was issued to McClendon and Long. Just prior [450]*450to having the jury returned, the following took place between the court and appellant’s attorney:
“The Court: If there is any of this .evidence that is already produced that you expect to be developed, I want it read from the Reporter’s record, rather than going through all the time to develop it again. If there is anything additional, it is all right.
“Appellant’s Attorney: Well, we have in the record that the policy was issued, the date of the policy, the name of the company * * *
“The Court: Ask the Reporter to read those things before the jury that you want read and we will rule on them. I don’t know; I think the ruling of the court is that all of that has been excluded.
“Appellant’s Attorney: Your Honor, could we have about thirty minutes to look up some law for this secondary evidence ?
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NORTHCUTT, Justice.
This is an action by Raymond McClendon as plaintiff against Fire Association of Philadelphia, a corpor'ation, and Tom Long, Roy L. Suddarth and A. D. Suddarth as defendants. The style of the case, however, lists "Ray McClendon'as plaintiff but, for the purpose of this opinion, it will be considered that Ray and Raymond are thé same person. The parties at this .point of the opinion will be designated as they were in the trial court. Tom Long, Roy L. Suddarth and A. D. Suddarth will not be considered any further herein. In referring to the defendant, we will have •reference only to the Fire Association of ■Philadelphia.
Plaintiff alleged that he had been the owner of the property in question since about September 14, 1949 and, on that date, defendant insured said risk in the sum of $3,000, under policy Not F-S397, with total coverage of $2,500 on. the building and $500 on the contents of said building. Plaintiff alleged that said property was destroyed by fire on or about April 24, 1950. and alleged the reasonable market value of the contents of the building was $500. Plaintiff . further alleged that the policy provided, in the event of total loss of said building by fire, that said policy becomes a liquidated demand for the face of the same and then alleges total loss and liquidated demand and seeks judgment for $3,000 with six per cent interest from April 24, 1950.
Defendant answered-and denied that it had any contract of fire insurance with the plaintiff on April 24, 1950, or at any time prior thereto and, since it had no contract with the plaintiff at the time of the alleged loss or any other time, it was without liability to the plaintiff. Defendant further answered that if there was ever any contract of insurance between the plaintiff and the defendant in the amount covering the property in question, that the said contract or policy of insurance was 'cancelled long prior to April 24, 1950 and that the cancellation was well-known to the plaintiff or his agents, servants, employees or associates. Defendant presented other pleadings not necessary to mention here.
After- the plaintiff had announced he would rest, the defendant, by a motion duly filed; requested the court to instruct, the jury to return a verdict in favor of. the defendant or, in the alternative,- to withdraw the case from the consideration of the jury and to render judgment,in its favor. As grounds for such request, appellee alleged in effect that there was no evidence to prove or tending to prove-the issuance of a fire insurance policy to plaintiff by defendant in any sum to cover 'premises [449]*449known as Archway Club or that the evidence was, at least, insufficient to require the submission of' an issue on such a matt.er ; that there was no evidence to show that such a policy, if issued, was in effect on the date of the alleged fire; that such proof as may have been heard concerning the issuance of a policy was at variance with and materially different from the policy pleaded by plaintiff, that there was no evidence showing plaintiff had given notice or filed a proper proof of loss if a valid policy did exist. The court granted defendant’s motion and withdrew the case from the consideration of the jury and rendered judgment that the plaintiff recover nothing of and from- the defendant and that the defendant go hence without its costs and that plaintiff pay all costs. To which action of the court, the plaintiff excepted and has perfected this appeal. Hereafter, plaintiff will be referred to as appellant and defendant as appellee.
Appellant presents this appeal upon two points of error as follows:
“Point I
“The trial court erred in refusing to allow the appellant to secure the possession of policy No. F-5397 from appel-lee’s attorney, Mr. R. B. Cousins, III by subpoena duces tecum.
“Point II
“The trial court erred in refusing to allow appellant to prove insurance policy No. F-5397 by secondary evidence.”
Concerning appellant’s first point of error wherein he complains of the action of the court in refusing to allow the appellant to secure possession of policy No. F-5397 from appellee’s attorney, Mr. Cousins; by subpoena duces tecum, we cannot agree that the court so held. Both of appellant’s points of error will be discussed jointly.
Appellant brought this action to recover upon policy No. F-5397 dated September 14, 1949. He did not plead that a policy was issued to him and that he did not have the same in his possession and could, not describe the policy nor did he give any notice for the appellee to produce the policy or secondary evidence thereof would be offered. At no time did the appellant request permission of the court to filé trial amendment seeking to show there might be another policy upon which appellee might be held liable but continued to seek relief under policy No. F-5397 dated September 14, 1949. It might be noted, after showing that F. E. Thomas was the insurance agent for appellee and several other insurance companies, Thomas was asked if he wrote a policy dated September 14, 1949, in these other companies; but appellant did not ask Thomas if he wrote a policy for appellant with appellee company on September 14, 1949. After appellant asked the witness Thomas if he had written these other policies with these other companies, he then asked Thomas if he, Thomas, wrote a policy in appellee’s company dated October 10, 1949. After objections were made, the court announced that he would let the matter be developed in the absence of the jury and rule later on the admissibility of the evidence. The jury was retired. In the absence of the jury, appellant continued to ask about a policy dated October 10, 1949. Thomas acknowledged that he issued a policy on October 10, 1949, payable to McClendon and Long but that it was cancelled and returned to the appel-lee. During the time the jury was retired, the appellant called the appellee’s attorney as a witness and asked him “Do you have in. your possession, a policy?” The attorney answered “Yes”. At this juncture, appellant had the appellee’s attorney served with a subpoena duces tecum directing him to produce “a. certain fire insurance policy No. F-5397 dated September 14, 1949 issued to Raymond McClendon by Fire Association of Philadelphia.” Appellee’s attorney answered that he did not have a policy dated September 14, 1949, issued to Raymond McClendon and that he did not have any ■ policy issued to Raymond Mc-Clendon. The testimony was undisputed that the' policy issued October 10, 1949 was issued to McClendon and Long. Just prior [450]*450to having the jury returned, the following took place between the court and appellant’s attorney:
“The Court: If there is any of this .evidence that is already produced that you expect to be developed, I want it read from the Reporter’s record, rather than going through all the time to develop it again. If there is anything additional, it is all right.
“Appellant’s Attorney: Well, we have in the record that the policy was issued, the date of the policy, the name of the company * * *
“The Court: Ask the Reporter to read those things before the jury that you want read and we will rule on them. I don’t know; I think the ruling of the court is that all of that has been excluded.
“Appellant’s Attorney: Your Honor, could we have about thirty minutes to look up some law for this secondary evidence ?
“The Court: We will recess until 11:00 o’clock.”
After the recess, the appellant objected to the action of the court and the court asked appellant if he had anything further in the way of evidence. The jury was returned but no further effort was made to introduce any evidence as to any policy and all appellant offered was as to the value of personal property lost, and that the building in question was a total loss and that he had never collected any damages from ap-pellee but had collected $8,500 from other companies as a result of the said fire loss sustained. Some of the objections made by appellee were not ruled upon by the court.
We do not hold that appellee’s attorney is immune from a subpoena where it is shown that he has an' instrument in court and can produce the same; and neither do we hold that a party to a lawsuit may refrain from producing an instrument in evidence by delivering the same to his attorney.
In this particular case, the undisputed evidence shows that appellant requested Thomas through Thomas’ agent, McClure, to secure some insurance for him. It is also undisputed that appellant made Thomas his agent to keep his insurance papers. There is no showing in this record that appellee had in its possession policy No. F-5397 and no notice was ever given to appellee to produce such policy until during the trial when the subpoena duces tecum was served. Appellant agrees that the policies were to be left in the office of Thomas. Appellant proved by Thomas that there was a policy issued October 10, 1949, but that the same was cancelled and returned to the appellee. All the appellant asked appellee’s attorney was if he had a policy. In the absence of a showing to the contrary, when appellant shows by his own agent that a policy was issued on October 10, 1949, but cancelled and returned to the appellee, the reasonable conclusion would be that the cancelled policy was the one appellee’s counsel had at the trial and especially since- the attorney denied he had a-policy dated September 14, 1949, issued to Raymond Mc-Clendon and there is no showing that he ever had such policy.
Evidence of the contents of a lost instrument cannot be given until its execution is proved. Appellant’s cause of action seeks to recover upon policy No. F-5397 of date September 14, 1949, but he showed the execution and loss, if any, of another policy dated October 10, 1949, which will not meet the requirements because, before secondary evidence of the contents of a lost instrument is admissible, it must be shown that diligent search has been made in places where the instrument would be likely to be found and inquiries made of those who would be the proper custodians of it. Appellant showed he was leaving the policies he was to receive in the care of the Thomas office. . McClure, the man in Thomas’ office that appellant dealt with about the insurance, was never called as a witness. Thomas was introduced as a witness by appellant but he was never asked about policy No. F-5397 dated September 14, 1949, the policy sued upon. The attorney [451]*451for appellee stated, in reference to thesub-poena duces tecum served upon him, “I will .assume that the subpoena is served properly and specifically and does describe the policy that they want” meaning, of course, the policy asked about which was dated October 10, 1949, because 'the subpoena described the policy dated September 14, 1949. Appellant was asked about and tried to introduce the policy dated October 10, 1949, a different policy from that sued upon. Under the state of this record, if the policy dated October 10, 1949, had been produced, it would not have had any effect on the disposition of this case other than was done by the court.
An examination of the entire record reveals that the trial court was justified in sustaining appellee’s motion. We therefore overrule appellant’s assignments of error. Judgment of the trial court is affirmed.