Affirmed; Opinion Filed February 13, 2018.
In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-15-01321-CV
MARK RINES, Appellant V. CITY OF CARROLLTON, TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 134th Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. DC-15-07615
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Lang, Brown, and Whitehill Opinion by Justice Lang
Appellant Mark Rines, proceeding pro se, filed this lawsuit against appellee City of
Carrollton, Texas, alleging violations of the Texas Public Information Act (“TPIA”). See TEX.
GOV’T CODE ANN. §§ 552.001–.353 (West 2012 & Supp. 2017). The trial court granted the City’s
plea to the jurisdiction and dismissed appellant’s claims with prejudice.
In this pro se appeal, appellant asserts fifteen issues challenging the trial court’s ruling.1
We decide appellant’s fifteen issues against him. The trial court’s order is affirmed.
1 As described in more detail below, appellant’s fifteen issues assert, in essence, that the trial court abused its discretion and/or erred by failing to issue “Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law (FOFCOL) that sufficiently narrowed the issues for this appeal”; granting the City’s plea to the jurisdiction based on “conclusory, gatekeeper testimony alone”; “[d]ismissing this case ‘with prejudice’ while there is still remaining controversy”; not recognizing certain statutory bases for jurisdiction; refusing to order in camera review and discovery of certain information; and “failing to take appropriate action” respecting alleged violations of appellant’s constitutional rights and several rules pertaining to professional conduct of attorneys and judges. I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL CONTEXT
In January 2014, appellant made a TPIA request to the City for the “civil service files” of
fourteen specified individuals who currently or previously served as City police officers. Further,
in approximately March 2014, appellant made an additional TPIA request for a spreadsheet
showing the most recent 1,000 TPIA requests received by the City. The City provided appellant
with a cost estimate for the requested records and appellant paid that amount to the City.
After the City began processing appellant’s requests, the City decided that some of the
requested information would not be released without first obtaining rulings by the Texas Attorney
General as to whether that information is subject to public disclosure requirements. See id.
§ 552.301. While waiting for those rulings, the City provided appellant with other requested
information. Additionally, the City determined that a reduction of the amounts charged as
described above was appropriate and refunded a portion of those charges to appellant.
In approximately June 2014, the City received rulings from the Attorney General
respecting appellant’s requests and provided appellant with information pursuant to those rulings.
Shortly thereafter, appellant filed a complaint with the Attorney General alleging the City acted
“in bad faith” in providing its initial cost estimates and appellant was therefore entitled to “three
times the amount of the overcharge” pursuant to government code section 552.269(b). See id.
§ 552.269(b). In a letter to appellant dated August 28, 2014, the Attorney General stated in part,
[T]he city calculated the estimated and actual charges using the rules established by this office and has provided an explanation for the reduction of the estimated charges. Accordingly, we are unable to find the city did not act in good faith. Thus, in this instance, you are not entitled to recover three times the amount of the overcharge.
In November 2014, appellant filed a complaint with the Attorney General pursuant to
government code section 552.3215, alleging the City did not properly comply with his TPIA
requests. See id. § 552.3215. An investigation conducted by the Attorney General resulted in an
–2– April 28, 2015 “final amended determination” in which the Attorney General stated in part as
follows:
Because the city of Carrollton acknowledges that Mr. Rines did not receive documents he was entitled to, the Texas Attorney General Office determines that the city of Carrollton was in violation of the [TPIA] through most of 2014 and the beginning of 2015 in its failure to deliver to Mr. Rines all the material he requested that was required by law to be public. .... . . . As of today, the city of Carrollton has certified that all responsive information currently in their possession has been released though evidence provided by Mr. Rines suggests other responsive information did exist at some prior period in time (DVD video interviews of witnesses in [a particular police investigation] and the possibility of prior performance evaluations of several named officers). . . . The status of this other responsive information and why it is not in the possession of Carrollton any longer remains an issue that has not been adequately explained to the undersigned by the city of Carrollton. . . . This complaint was forwarded to the city of Carrollton. By way of a phone calls [sic] between the undersigned and [Carrollton city attorney Meredith Ladd], Ms. Ladd informed the undersigned that she worked with a commander at the Carrollton Police Department to obtain all information related to the [TPIA] request and that there is nothing else to furnish to Mr. Rines. . . . If sued, the city of Carrollton states they would offer everything furnished to Mr. Rines to a judge and swear that no other information exists. In addition, the city of Carrollton filled out a certification stating no other information exists and that all information they have has been provided to Mr. Rines. . . . Based on this, the State is not in a position on this date to determine that the city of Carrollton is in continuing violation of the [TPIA] because the Texas Attorney General cannot prove that documents sought still exist. In this “civil matter”, the State is “accepting” the word of Carrollton that the documents no longer exist. A suit to retrieve documents that don’t exist any longer would be fruitless. Therefore, at this point in time the State won’t be taking further future action on the complaint. Evidence points to the possibility of illegal conduct on the part of somebody at Carrollton due to the “missing” information. This is based on the “missing” DVD interviews and possibility of missing performance evaluations. These conclusions are not to represent whether or not the undersigned believes any crime has been committed by Carrollton. If Mr. Rines believes a crime has been committed, the undersigned requests that Mr. Rines file a complaint with the appropriate local law enforcement agency and/or the Dallas County District Attorney because the Texas Attorney General has no criminal jurisdiction over this matter.
On July 7, 2015, appellant filed this lawsuit against the City, alleging violation of the TPIA.
Specifically, in his “original petition,” appellant contended in part the City (1) “has failed or
refused to provide a reasonable copy of the content of fourteen Civil Service files requested”;
–3– (2) has provided him with “only a small part of expected digital, electronic content”; and
(3) “overcharged [him] 210% of the eventual actual cost.” Appellant asserted claims for (1) a
temporary injunction to “seek and collect all missing information” related to his TPIA requests
and provide it to him, investigate and prosecute the persons responsible for “the destruction of the
missing information,” and “cease and desist all malicious acts” towards appellant; (2) a permanent
injunction “to properly maintain all Civil Service files, encourage the public and upper
management to inspect the files regularly, and actively protect against the negative effects of
political influence over police and firefighters”; (3) a permanent injunction to “move all civil
service content to the internet,” provide “reliable and verifiable online payment systems” and
“spreadsheet compatible downloads” to all TPIA requestors, and “refrain from all future delay,
misrepresentations, and frustrate [sic] tactics” respecting TPIA requests; and (4) various monetary
relief, including an amount equal to “three times the initial estimates totaling $1192”; “delay and
labor costs” that currently “total $164,000 and $156,960 respectively and continue[] to accrue until
all requested information is received”; “additional labor charges” of $3,600 that were allegedly
“accepted” by the City; and “all costs of this litigation.”
The City filed a “Plea to the Jurisdiction and Motion to Dismiss” in which it asserted
appellant’s requested relief “falls into one of three categories: (1) requested government action,
(2) retrospective monetary relief, and (3) City’s production of documents.” Further, the City
contended (1) “[appellant] cannot compel the City to perform activities that are not required by
statute, regulation, ordinance, or common law”; (2) “monetary relief sought as compensation for
conduct occurring before the requested injunction is retrospective in nature” and therefore barred
by sovereign immunity; and (3) “the balance of [appellant’s] requested injunctive relief has been
made moot” because the City has made “full and complete disclosure of records in its custody that
respond to [appellant’s] [TPIA] requests” and has “provided evidentiary support that it has
–4– disclosed all responsive information it has in its custody.” Attached to the plea to the jurisdiction
and motion to dismiss were exhibits that included, among other things, (1) an August 17, 2015
affidavit of a City paralegal who testified in part “[t]he City has provided [appellant] with all
responsive information in existence and in the City’s custody in accordance with the Attorney
General’s rulings and in compliance with the [TPIA]” and (2) a February 23, 2015 “certification”
from the City’s officer of public information in which that individual stated, “I . . . certify that I
have made available to [appellant] all existing responsive information that this governmental body
owns, controls, or has a right of access to.”
In response to the City’s plea to the jurisdiction and motion to dismiss, appellant filed a
document titled “Objections to Defendant’s Answer.” Therein, appellant requested in camera
review and discovery respecting numerous City files and documents and stated he “objects” to the
above-described affidavit and certification as “hearsay,” “objects to the misrepresentation that no
evidence of missing information has been provided to [the City],” and “objects” to the
“mischaracterization” of his requested monetary relief as “retrospective.” Further, appellant
asserted (1) this lawsuit is not moot because he “has a plethora of evidence of still missing, required
information”; (2) the monetary relief requested by him is “prospective” because his claims
“attempt[] to motivate those within the City to stop illegal and lack of good faith efforts to delay
and withhold public information”; (3) the City “failed to follow the cost rules by not including the
digital content in its estimate, with a lack of good faith”; (4) sovereign immunity is inapplicable
because the TPIA specifically waives immunity for “a suit for a writ of mandamus compelling a
government body to make information available” and, when filing this lawsuit, he checked the box
for “mandamus” in the “procedure or remedy” section on the electronic filing form; and (5)
alternatively, the “ultra vires” exception to sovereign immunity applies in this case because his
petition “proposes a felonious act of destruction of public information.” The exhibits attached to
–5– appellant’s “objections” included, among other things, (1) a copy of the April 28, 2015 final
amended determination of the Attorney General described above and (2) a chart summarizing the
number and dates of performance evaluations in each personnel file provided by the City to
appellant.
The City filed a reply to appellant’s response in which it restated its arguments described
above and, in addition, argued in part (1) “[b]ecause Carrollton cannot produce non-existent
information—no matter how much the [appellant] thinks the information should exist—
[appellant’s] requested injunctive relief cannot provide a remedy for any alleged
underproduction,” and (2) “[appellant’s] requested monetary relief stems directly from his claims
of alleged past violations relating to the City’s handling of his [TPIA] requests” and “[a]s such,
the City’s government immunity bars recovery of such relief.” The exhibits attached to the City’s
reply included, in part, an October 19, 2015 affidavit of Ladd in which she testified in part (1) the
City has not “acted in bad faith” toward appellant and (2) “[b]ased on the City’s extensive search
of its files, Carrollton has provided [appellant] with all responsive information in existence and in
the City’s custody in accordance with the Texas Attorney General’s rulings and in compliance
with the TPIA.”
At the hearing on the City’s plea to the jurisdiction and motion to dismiss, several City
officials testified, including Ladd, City secretary Krystle Melinson, and the City police
department’s commander of professional standards, Derick Miller, describing their responsibilities
and how they conducted the search for records. Further, those City officials stated the City has no
information responsive to appellant’s requests that was not given to him. Additionally, Ladd
testified the City did not accept the charges described in appellant’s petition.
Following that hearing, the trial court signed an October 28, 2015 order granting the City’s
plea to the jurisdiction as described above. Appellant filed a November 24, 2015 “amended
–6– original petition” in which he repeated the assertions from his original petition described above
and, among other things, added “culpable officials John and Jane Doe” as parties, claimed “harm
from Ultra Vires acts of City officials in their individual, non-discretionary capacities,” sought
“prospective monetary relief for the anticipated ultra vires acts of the yet-to-be-discovered,
culpable City officials in their individual capacities,” and asserted he “prays for Writ of
Mandamus” pursuant to government code section 552.321 to compel the City to produce the
missing information, or, if the missing information has been destroyed or lost, to provide the names
of those most culpable and the reasons why the permanent records are no longer in the City’s
custody.”
Further, appellant filed a timely request for findings of fact and conclusions of law and a
November 29, 2015 “Motion for Sanctions for Perjury and Reinstatement of the Cause.” In his
motion for sanctions and reinstatement, appellant asked the trial court to (1) “mandate disclosure
of parties with first-hand knowledge of the information at issue,” order the in camera review
described above, and “stay the plea to the jurisdiction until such time as the substantive, evidentiary
information at issue can be reviewed”; (2) in the alternative, modify the October 28, 2015 order to
state that the dismissal is “without prejudice”; and (3) sanction Ladd “for perjury” based on her
statements that she “has no knowledge of any missing permanent records.” Also, appellant filed a
supplement to that motion in which he stated in part “[t]he specific parties to this suit are still a
pending issue in this cause.” The attachments to appellant’s supplement included a September 30,
2015 document titled “Initial Disclosures,” in which the City was asked to disclose “[t]he name,
address, and telephone number of any potential parties” and responded that it “is not currently
aware of any potential parties to this litigation.”
The City filed a response to appellant’s motion for sanctions and reinstatement in which it
stated in part (1) appellant’s motion for “reinstatement” should be denied because appellant “has
–7– not provided [the trial court] with a motion on which it can act” and (2) “[b]ecause [appellant]
failed to file a proper motion to modify or vacate within 30 days of the [trial court] signing its
Order, [the trial court] lacks jurisdiction to impose the absurd sanctions requested by Plaintiff.”
After a hearing, appellant’s motion for sanctions and reinstatement was denied by the trial
court. This appeal timely followed. During abatement of this appeal, findings of fact and
conclusions of law were filed by the trial court.2 Subsequently, appellant filed a timely “Request
for Additional and Amended Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law” in which he complained
of multiple “inaccuracies” and omissions respecting the trial court’s written findings and
conclusions.
II. APPELLANT’S ISSUES
A. Standard of Review
The issue of whether a court has jurisdiction is a matter of law that is reviewed de novo.
Tex. Dep’t of Transp. v. A.P.I. Pipe & Supply, LLC, 397 S.W.3d 162, 166 (Tex. 2013); Tex. Dep’t
of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d 217, 226 (Tex. 2004). “In reviewing a grant or denial
2 The trial court’s findings of fact and conclusions of law stated in part as follows:
FINDINGS OF FACT .... 5. The City ultimately fulfilled Plaintiffs requests for public information by making any and all responsive information that Plaintiff was entitled to available to him and fully complying with the Texas Public Information Act (“TPIA”). 6. The City had cured any inadvertent prior TPIA noncompliance, and the Court finds the City acted in good faith and in compliance with the TPIA. 7. Plaintiff has not provided any sufficient evidence to support his accusation of continuing noncompliance by the City. 8. The City acted in good faith in its initial cost estimates to Plaintiff and ultimately did not overcharge him, as any inadvertent overcharge was refunded to Plaintiff. .... CONCLUSIONS OF LAW 13. Plaintiff fails to present any cause of action or claim for relief for which this Court has jurisdiction. .... 23. The City has responded to Plaintiffs public information inquiries with full and complete production of suitable copies of the requested information in compliance with the TPIA, and therefore, Plaintiff's claims relating to any alleged TPIA noncompliance are moot. .... 26. Plaintiff is not entitled to receive attorney’s fees or litigation costs, because he is pro se and has not substantially prevailed in this suit. 27. Plaintiff bears the full burden to plead facts that affirmatively demonstrate subject matter jurisdiction. .... 28. In this case, Plaintiff has amended his pleadings, and yet failed to meet his burden of proof to demonstrate subject matter jurisdiction, and this Court finds further amendment would be futile. 29. This Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction over Plaintiff's claims, and therefore, this suit must be dismissed with prejudice as a matter of law.
–8– of a plea to the jurisdiction, we determine whether the plaintiff’s pleadings, construed in favor of
the plaintiff, allege sufficient facts affirmatively demonstrating the court’s jurisdiction to hear the
case.” Hearts Bluff Game Ranch, Inc. v. State, 381 S.W.3d 468, 476 (Tex. 2012). Evidence relevant
to the jurisdictional issue can be introduced and considered at the plea to the jurisdiction stage if
needed to determine jurisdiction. A.P.I. Pipe & Supply, 397 S.W.3d at 166; Miranda, 133 S.W.3d
at 227.
The burden is on the plaintiff to affirmatively demonstrate the trial court’s jurisdiction.
Heckman v. Williamson Cty., 369 S.W.3d 137, 150 (Tex. 2012). The plea to the jurisdiction must
be granted if the plaintiff’s pleadings affirmatively negate the existence of jurisdiction. Id.
Likewise, the plea must be granted if the defendant presents undisputed evidence that negates the
existence of the court’s jurisdiction. Id.; see also Harris Cty. v. Sykes, 136 S.W.3d 635, 639 (Tex.
2004) (plea to jurisdiction should be granted with prejudice if plaintiff had reasonable opportunity
to amend pleadings after filing of plea to jurisdiction).
B. Applicable Law
Subject matter jurisdiction requires that the party bringing the suit have standing, that there
is a live controversy between the parties, and that the case be justiciable. State Bar of Tex. v.
Gomez, 891 S.W.2d 243, 245 (Tex. 1994). “To constitute a justiciable controversy, there must
exist a real and substantial controversy involving a genuine conflict of tangible interests and not
merely a theoretical dispute.” State Fair v. Riggs & Ray, P.C., No. 05-15-00973-CV, 2016 WL
4131824, at *2 (Tex. App.—Dallas Aug. 2, 2016, no pet.) (mem. op.) (citing Bonham State Bank
v. Beadle, 907 S.W.2d 465, 467 (Tex. 1995)); accord Gomez, 891 S.W.2d at 245. A case becomes
moot if there ceases to be a justiciable controversy between the parties, such as when “the issues
presented are no longer ‘live.’” Heckman, 369 S.W.3d at 162. However, “[t]here are two
exceptions that confer jurisdiction regardless of mootness: (1) the issue is capable of repetition,
–9– yet evading review; and (2) the collateral consequences doctrine.” City of Dallas v. Woodfield, 305
S.W.3d 412, 418 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, no pet.) (citing Gen. Land Office of Tex. v. OXY U.S.A.,
Inc., 789 S.W.2d 569, 571 (Tex. 1990)).
Governmental immunity from suit deprives the trial court of subject matter jurisdiction
over claims against governmental entities unless the party suing the governmental entity
establishes the State’s consent to the suit. Kaufman Cty. v. Combs, 393 S.W.3d 336, 342 (Tex.
App.—Dallas 2012, pet. denied) (citing City of Dallas v. Albert, 354 S.W.3d 368, 373 (Tex.
2011)). Such consent to sue must generally be found in actions of the legislature. Id. A statute shall
not be construed as a waiver of sovereign immunity unless the waiver is effected by clear and
unambiguous language. Id. (citing GOV’T CODE § 311.034; Tooke v. City of Mexia, 197 S.W.3d
325, 328–29 (Tex. 2006)). “[G]enerally, retrospective monetary claims against the State are barred
by immunity.” Morath v. Sterling City Indep. Sch. Dist., 499 S.W.3d 407, 420 (Tex. 2016); see
also Thielemann v. Blinn Bd. of Trustees, No. 01-14-00595-CV, 2015 WL 1247018, at *3 (Tex.
App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Mar. 17, 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.) (request for monetary damages
based on defendant’s failure to comply with statute “in the past” constituted request for
retrospective relief).
The TPIA, which is contained in chapter 552 of the government code, “guarantees access
to public information, subject to certain exceptions.” Kallinen v. City of Houston, 462 S.W.3d 25,
26 (Tex. 2015). “In any suit filed under [chapter 552], the information at issue may be filed with
the court for in camera inspection as is necessary for the adjudication of the case.” GOV’T CODE
§ 552.3221(a). Section 552.3215 of the TPIA “authorizes certain local or state officials to seek
declaratory or injunctive relief based on a complaint by ‘a person who claims to be the victim of a
[PIA] violation,’ but only after the governmental body is afforded notice and fails to timely cure
the alleged violation.” Paxton v. City of Dallas, 509 S.W.3d 247, 252 (Tex. 2017); see GOV’T
–10– CODE § 552.3215(a)–(k). Specifically, that section states in part “[a]n action for a declaratory
judgment or injunctive relief may be brought in accordance with this section against a
governmental body that violates this chapter.” GOV’T CODE § 552.3215(b). An action authorized
by section 552.3215 “is in addition to any other civil, administrative, or criminal action provided
by this chapter or another law.” Id. § 552.3215(k). Further, section 552.321(a) of the government
code states in part “[a] requestor or the attorney general may file suit for a writ of mandamus
compelling a governmental body to make information available for public inspection if the
governmental body . . . refuses to supply [1] public information or [2] information that the attorney
general has determined is public information that is not excepted from disclosure.” Id. §
552.321(a). “In an action brought under Section 552.321 or 552.3215, the court shall assess costs
of litigation and reasonable attorney fees incurred by a plaintiff who substantially prevails.” Id. §
552.323(a). Additionally, section 552.269 of the government code provides in part “[a] person who
overpays for a copy of public information because a governmental body refuses or fails to follow
the rules for charges adopted by the attorney general is entitled to recover three times the amount
of the overcharge if the governmental body did not act in good faith in computing the costs. Id.
§ 552.269(b).
C. Application of Law to Facts
In his first issue, appellant contends the trial court “abuse[d] its discretion and/or err[ed] in
not producing a Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law (FOFCOL) that sufficiently narrowed
the issues for this appeal.” Appellant asserts in part (1) “[t]he 29 points of the FOFCOL fail to
narrow issues for this brief, and thereby further harms Rines,” and (2) “[o]n March 18, 2017, Rines
filed a Request for Additional and Amended FOFCOL (AFOFCOL) and incorporates his
objections to the FOFCOL herein.”
–11– Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 298 provides in part that after the trial court files original
findings of fact and conclusions of law, “any party may file with the clerk of the court a request
for specified additional or amended findings or conclusions” and “[t]he court shall file any
additional or amended findings and conclusions that are appropriate within ten days after such
request is filed.” TEX. R. CIV. P. 298. Additionally, rule 299 states in part, “Refusal of the [trial]
court to make a finding requested shall be reviewable on appeal.” TEX. R. CIV. P. 299. Rule 298
requires additional findings of fact and conclusions of law only if they relate to “ultimate or
controlling issues.” Rich v. Olah, 274 S.W.3d 878, 886 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.). Further,
a trial court is not required to make additional findings of fact that are unsupported in the record,
that are evidentiary, or that are contrary to other previous findings. Id.
Appellant’s argument respecting his first issue asserts he was “forced to guess prior to
findings” as to the trial court’s basis for its ruling. However, in his reply brief in this Court, he
states that complaint was “implicitly mooted” when the trial court filed its original findings and
conclusions as described above. Further, to the extent appellant’s brief in this Court “incorporates”
his “Request for Additional and Amended Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law” described
above, neither that document nor appellant’s brief on appeal contains citations to the record to
support his assertions respecting those additional and amended findings and conclusions. We
conclude appellant’s first issue presents nothing for this Court’s review. See TEX. R. APP. P.
38.1(i); see also Rich, 274 S.W.3d at 886.
Next, we address appellant’s ninth issue, in which he asserts the trial court erred by granting
the City’s plea to the jurisdiction based on “conclusory, gatekeeper testimony alone.” Appellant
complains the City’s witnesses lacked personal knowledge and offered only testimony that was
conclusory. Specifically, appellant asserts in part (1) “[t]he City fails to provide the time, place,
and the exact nature of the alleged transfer of information to the Civil Service Director or the
–12– search conducted to ‘discover’ the missing information specified by Rines and therefore the City
failed to show any of the witnesses have any related personal knowledge”; (2) “Miller states his
knowledge is limited to the optional G-File (optional file) and that he does not have personal
knowledge of the mandatory A-File (Civil Service file)”; (3) Ladd’s testimony that after appellant
complained that there were some “gaps” in what he had received, the City “just reproduced
everything” is “not even supported by summary evidence” because “a reasonably intelligent
person can see” that the second disk produced “contains much less” than the previous disks; and
(4) “Ladd’s testimony that she ‘asked all departments to ensure that there were no documents
missing from any files’ is ‘another ipse dixit conclusory statement with the City providing no
evidence of such communication.’”
The City responds that the record “contradicts this argument” and shows testimony by Ladd
and the other witnesses that “offers the specific steps taken by [the City] to comply with the TPIA
and provide Appellant with all responsive documents.”
The record shows that at the hearing on the City’s plea to the jurisdiction, Melinson
described her job responsibilities and the steps taken by her to provide responsive documents
respecting appellant’s requests for information. During appellant’s cross-examination of
Melinson, appellant stated to the trial court, “It’s all hearsay. I want someone who has first hand
knowledge of the civil service files I requested.” The record does not show a ruling by the trial
court as to that objection. Then, Miller testified as to how the City “handles” civil service files,
described the steps he took to respond to appellant’s requests, and stated that the police department
maintains “G-files,” but not “A-files,” which are “under the control and direction of the civil
service director.” Further, Ladd testified as to her responsibilities and the steps taken by her to
ensure the information requested by appellant was provided to him, including both “A-files” and
–13– “G-files.” Appellant did not make objections to the testimony of Miller or Ladd respecting the
search for responsive documents.
As to appellant’s complaints of “lack of personal knowledge” respecting the production of
information and conclusory testimony, the record shows his only objection raised on those grounds
in the trial court as to the testimony of the City’s witnesses, stated above, was not ruled upon. See
TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1 (preservation of complaint for appellate review requires timely request or
objection and ruling by trial court). Therefore, any such objection was not preserved for review on
appeal. Id. We conclude appellant’s ninth issue presents nothing for this Court’s review. See id.
Now, we address together appellant’s third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, tenth,
eleventh, and twelfth issues. In his eleventh issue, appellant asserts the trial court erred by
“[d]ismissing this case ‘with prejudice’ while there is still remaining controversy, i.e. whether the
City is refusing to release missing permanent information or under what authority has the City
destroyed same.” Further, appellant contends that to the extent his claims are determined to be
moot, the “capable of repetition, yet evading review” exception applies. Additionally, in his third,
fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, tenth, and twelfth issues, appellant (1) asserts several statutory
bases for jurisdiction, including section 552.269 of the government code, the Open Meetings Act,
the Deceptive Trade Practices Act, and “Tex. Civil Practices and Remedies Code Chapters 37 and
65,” and (2) cites two cases he contends support his position that dismissal was improper: Kallinen,
which he describes as “holding that district courts have subject matter jurisdiction under the TPIA
whether the Requestor chooses, as an option, to follow the procedure described in § 552.3215(a-
j), or not,” and Abbott v. City of Corpus Christi, 109 S.W.3d 113, 122 (Tex. App.—Austin 2003,
no pet.), in which, according to appellant, a city “sued the AG, settled and agreed to release missing
information such as non-supervisory witness statements specifically referenced therein and still
not released by the City in this cause.”
–14– The City responds in part that the trial court did not err by dismissing appellant’s claims
with prejudice because (1) governmental immunity barred the recovery of any retrospective
monetary damages; (2) appellant’s other claims present no justiciable issue and are moot; and (3)
no exception to the mootness doctrine is applicable. Further, the City contends that to the extent
appellant asserts arguments based on statutory causes of action he did not assert in the trial court,
those arguments present nothing for this Court’s review.
The record shows appellant’s contentions on appeal respecting the “Open Meetings Act,”
“Deceptive Trade Practices Act,” and “Tex. Civil Practices and Remedies Code Chapters 37 and
65” were not asserted in the trial court and therefore present nothing for this Court’s review. See
TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1. Additionally, as described above, the City’s jurisdictional evidence
demonstrates it searched for the requested information, officially requested responsive documents
from relevant individuals, and produced to appellant all responsive information it was able to
locate and obtain. Although appellant contends in his appellate brief that he “has presented specific
evidence that the City continues to refuse to release important permanent public information,” the
“evidence” cited by him respecting such noncompliance consists of descriptions by him of items
he contends should exist and are “missing” from the information provided to him. Further, to the
extent appellant relies on the exhibits attached to his “Objections to Defendant’s Answer”
described above, the record shows (1) the Attorney General concluded in part in the April 28, 2015
final amended determination that “[a] suit to retrieve documents that don’t exist any longer would
be fruitless,” and (2) although appellant characterizes the performance evaluation chart described
above as showing “missing” evaluations, that chart does not show those allegedly “missing”
evaluations exist or that the City is withholding those allegedly “missing” evaluations in violation
of the TPIA. Also, in the case of Abbott v. City of Corpus Christi cited by appellant, the court of
appeals concluded “when an investigation is made into [a police officer’s] misconduct, all
–15– investigatory materials—including background documents such as complaints, witness statements,
and documents of like nature from individuals who were not in a supervisory capacity—must be
placed in the [officer’s A-file] if the misconduct results in disciplinary action.” See 109 S.W.3d at
122. Appellant does not explain, and the record does not show, how that case demonstrates the
existence of responsive, unproduced items in the case before us. On this record, we cannot agree
with appellant’s position that he has demonstrated the City “continues to refuse to release
important permanent public information.” See City of Dallas v. Dallas Morning News, LP, 281
S.W.3d 708, 716 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2009, no pet.) (concluding affidavit of requestor in TPIA
case was “legally insufficient evidence” where requestor’s conclusions assumed existence of
responsive, unproduced e-mails).
We conclude the City conclusively established it complied with the TPIA as to appellant’s
requests. See City of El Paso v. Abbott, 444 S.W.3d 315, 324 (Tex. App.—Austin 2014, pet.
denied) (where city’s jurisdictional evidence established city searched extensively for responsive
documents, officially requested responsive documents from named individuals, and produced to
requestor all documents it was able to locate and obtain, city conclusively established for
jurisdictional purposes that it was not unwilling or refusing to supply public information pursuant
to TPIA). Therefore, we conclude appellant’s complaints respecting the City’s noncompliance
with his TPIA requests, including his requests for temporary injunctive relief pertaining to those
requests, are moot. See Kessling v. Friendswood Indep. Sch. Dist., 302 S.W.3d 373, 385 (Tex.
App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2009, pet denied) (TPIA claim became moot when request was
fulfilled). Further, appellant contends in his brief on appeal that this lawsuit “is an ultra vires case”
and therefore “an ultra vires exception to immunity exists.” For the same reasons described above,
even assuming without deciding that governmental officials may be sued for violations of the TPIA
and that appellant’s petition alleged such claims, we conclude appellant did not raise a fact question
–16– as to whether a governmental official violated the TPIA such that immunity would be waived for
“ultra vires” acts. See City of Galveston v. CDM Smith, Inc., 470 S.W.3d 558, 572 (Tex. App.—
Houston [14th Dist.] 2015, pet. denied) (where evidence conclusively showed city did not refuse
to supply requested TPIA information, requestor failed to raise fact question on whether officials
violated TPIA such that immunity would be waived for ultra vires acts).
In light of our conclusions above respecting mootness, we consider appellant’s contention
that the “capable of repetition, yet evading review” exception to the mootness doctrine is
applicable.3 That exception applies only in rare circumstances and is limited to situations where
the following circumstances are simultaneously present: (1) the challenged action was in its
duration too short to be fully litigated prior to its cessation or expiration, or the party cannot obtain
review before the issue becomes moot, and (2) there is a reasonable expectation that the same
complaining party would be subjected to the same action again. Woodfield, 305 S.W.3d at 419–
20. When determining the “evading review” element, the proper inquiry is whether the challenged
activity is by its very nature short in duration so that it could not, or probably would not, be able
to be adjudicated while fully live. Id. at 420. “The plaintiff must show that the time between the
challenged action and its expiration is always so short as to evade review.” Id.
Appellant asserts in his appellate brief (1) “the City has repeatedly shown an intrinsic
disdain for the [TPIA] inside its [police department] as described in [Staten v. Tatom, 2012 WL
975017 (5th Cir. 2012)],” in which a requestor “was arrested when he came to the [City’s police
department] to obtain the video he requested under the [TPIA]”; (2) “[s]uch retaliation by the
[City’s police department] is the very reason [appellant] chose not to freely view the requested
information at the City’s campus”; and (3) “[s]ince the City settled out of court with Mr. Staten,
3 The second exception to the mootness doctrine described above, the “collateral consequences” exception, has been applied when prejudicial events have occurred “whose effects continued to stigmatize helpless or hated individuals long after the unconstitutional judgment had ceased to operate.” OXY, U.S.A., 789 S.W.2d at 571. Appellant does not contend, and the record does not show, that exception is applicable in this case. See Reule v. RLZ Invs., 411 S.W.3d 31, 33 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2013, no pet.) (declining to apply collateral consequences exception where appellant failed to explain why perceived disadvantage would persist after judgment was vacated). –17– such retaliatory practices related to the PIA have escaped review by the courts.” Appellant does
not explain how his argument demonstrates “the time between the challenged action and its
expiration is always so short as to evade review.” See Woodfield, 305 S.W.3d at 420. We conclude
the “capable of repetition, yet evading review” exception to the mootness doctrine is inapplicable
in this case. See id.
As to appellant’s remaining claims for injunctive relief, appellant requests permanent
injunctions respecting the City’s maintenance of civil service files and provision of civil service
data to the public. Appellant contends those claims for injunctive relief “invoked the general
jurisdiction of [the trial court]” because, according to appellant, the Texas Supreme Court
concluded in Kallinen that a requestor “has the option to intervene, or become a party in an
injunctive suit under TGC §552.3215.” The City responds that appellant “fails to identify any
statutory right” to the permanent injunctive relief he requests.
In Kallinen, a requestor sued a city to compel disclosure of information pertaining to traffic
light cameras. See 462 S.W.3d at 27. The city produced some documents, but withheld others and
requested an Attorney General opinion on whether the TPIA excepted the withheld information
from disclosure. Id. Pursuant to section 552.306 of the TPIA, the Attorney General had forty-five
business days to issue an opinion. Id. Before that forty-five day time period elapsed and before the
Attorney General ruled, the requestor sued for a writ of mandamus pursuant to section 552.321(a)
to compel the city to disclose the withheld information. Id. The city filed a plea to the jurisdiction,
arguing the trial court lacked jurisdiction over the lawsuit until the Attorney General ruled. Id. The
trial court overruled the plea and the court of appeals reversed. Id. However, the supreme court
reversed the court of appeals. Id. The supreme court observed that the parties were in agreement
that “the only basis for the trial court’s jurisdiction is Section 552.321(a) of the [TPIA].” Id. Then,
–18– that court concluded a requestor of information “certainly has the choice to await the Attorney
General’s decision,” but “is not required to defer a suit for mandamus.” Id. at 28.
To the extent appellant asserts the case before us is a mandamus action pursuant to section
552.321(a), that section states in part “[a] requestor or the attorney general may file suit for a writ
of mandamus compelling a governmental body to make information available for public inspection
if the governmental body . . . refuses to supply [1] public information or [2] information that the
attorney general has determined is public information that is not excepted from disclosure.” GOV’T
CODE § 552.321(a). For the same reasons described above respecting mootness, we conclude
jurisdiction pursuant to section 552.321(a) has been negated in this case. See City of El Paso v.
Abbott, 444 S.W.3d at 324 (where city conclusively established it was not unwilling or refusing to
supply public information pursuant to TPIA, section 552.321(a) was inapplicable). Consequently,
unlike in Kallinen, the record in this case does not show jurisdiction pursuant to section 552.321(a).
Further, as to appellant’s position that Kallinen allows him to bring an action as a private
litigant for injunctive relief pursuant to section 552.3215, Kallinen did not address or involve
section 552.3215. See 462 S.W.3d at 27. Moreover, appellant does not explain, and the record does
not show, how this lawsuit complies with the requirements of section 552.3215. See GOV’T CODE
§ 552.3215(b) (“An action for a declaratory judgment or injunctive relief may be brought in
accordance with this section against a governmental body that violates [the TPIA].” (emphasis
added)); id. §§ 552.3215(e)-(j) (requiring complaint to be filed with district or county attorney and
describing scheme by which action on complaint may be brought by government official); see also
Paxton, 509 S.W.3d at 252 (section 552.3215 “authorizes certain local or state officials to seek
declaratory or injunctive relief based on a complaint by ‘a person who claims to be the victim of a
[TPIA] violation’”). On this record, we disagree with appellant’s position that section 552.3215
–19– provided a basis for jurisdiction respecting his claims for permanent injunctive relief. See GOV’T
CODE § 552.3215.
Next, we address appellant’s claims for monetary relief, which consist of requests for (1) an
amount equal to “three times the initial estimates totaling $1192” pursuant to government code
§ 552.269(b); (2) “delay and labor costs” associated with the City’s alleged lack of compliance
with his TPIA requests that currently “total $164,000 and $156,960 respectively and continue[] to
accrue until all requested information is received”; (3) “additional labor charges” of $3,600
associated with the City’s alleged lack of compliance with his second TPIA request; and (4) “all
costs of this litigation” pursuant to government code section 552.323(a). We address these
requests in turn.
First, as to section 552.269(b), appellant contends in part, “Granted, the City received a
favorable opinion from Assistant Attorney General Strain on August 28, 2014. However,
subsequent releases and [Miller’s] testimony invalidates the opinion and begs for review of
entitlement.” As described above, under section 552.269(b), “[a] person who overpays for a copy
of public information because a governmental body refuses or fails to follow the rules for charges
adopted by the attorney general is entitled to recover three times the amount of the overcharge if
the governmental body did not act in good faith in computing the costs.” GOV’T CODE
§ 552.269(b). Appellant’s arguments do not address the computation of the costs in question or
whether the City followed “the rules for charges adopted by the attorney general,” see id., nor does
appellant cite evidence in the record respecting those matters. Further, the record shows (1) the
Attorney General’s August 28, 2014 letter to appellant stated in part that because the City
“calculated the estimated and actual charges using the rules established by this office and has
provided an explanation for the reduction of the estimated charges,” the Attorney General is
“unable to find the city did not act in good faith,” and (2) Ladd stated in her October 19, 2015
–20– affidavit that the City has not “acted in bad faith” toward appellant. On this record, we conclude
the City conclusively established the inapplicability of section 552.269(b).
Second, we consider appellant’s claims for “delay and labor costs” associated with the lack
of compliance with his TPIA requests. Appellant contends those costs go beyond prohibited
retrospective relief. See Thielemann, 2015 WL 1247018, at *3. However, in light of our conclusion
above that appellant’s claims respecting lack of compliance with his TPIA requests became moot
when the City provided appellant with the information responsive to those requests, we need not
further address those costs.
Third, section 552.323 allows recovery for “costs of litigation” only where the plaintiff
“substantially prevails.” GOV’T CODE § 552.323(a). A TPIA plaintiff “does not become a
‘prevailing party’ merely because the defendant voluntarily changes its conduct in a manner
mooting the controversy.” Gates v. Tex. Dep’t of Family & Protective Servs., No. 03-15-00631-
CV, 2016 WL 3521888, at *7 (Tex. App.—Austin June 23, 2016, pet. denied) (mem. op.).
Appellant does not explain, and the record does not show, how section 552.323 allows recovery
by him in this case. See id.; GOV’T CODE § 552.323.
Based on the analysis above, we conclude the City conclusively negated jurisdiction as to
all of appellant’s claims. Therefore, the trial court did not err by granting the City’s plea to the
jurisdiction and dismissing his claims with prejudice. See A.P.I. Pipe & Supply, 397 S.W.3d at
166; Sykes, 136 S.W.3d at 639.
In his second issue. Appellant contends the trial court abused its discretion by (1) “ordering
the oral testimony prohibited by TRCP Rule 166a”; (2) “allowing the format of the evidentiary
hearing to be that of an examine/cross-examine bench trial”; (3) “advocating for the defense by
suggesting that the identified missing permanent information may not have ever existed when clear
evidence suggests otherwise”; (4) “refusing to order an in camera review of the information at
–21– issue which contains permanent public information specifically ruled by the Attorney General to
be released and can be shown, with a preponderance of the evidence, to have not been released”;
and (5) “refusing to compel discovery.”
We address together appellant’s first three contentions described above. Specifically,
appellant asserts in his brief on appeal (1) he “was completely surprised” that the hearing described
above on the City’s plea to the jurisdiction and motion to dismiss “was conducted as a bench trial
with oral testimony and in an examine-cross-examine venue”; (2) “it was [appellant’s] belief that
the hearing was for the purposes described under Rule 166a ‘Case Not Fully Adjudicated on
Motion’”; and (3) during the hearing, the trial court made statements that “advocate[ed], in error,
that missing performance evaluations were simply not created.” Appellant does not describe, and
the record does not show, any objection by him in the trial court respecting those complaints.
Therefore, we conclude those complaints present nothing for this Court’s review. See TEX. R. APP.
P. 33.1.
As to appellant’s contention respecting the trial court’s refusal to order an in camera review
as requested by him, appellant asserts (1) “an in camera review is legislated due process and course
of law”; (2) “[the trial court’s] failing to review the information violates [appellant’s] civil right to
due process and due course of law”; (3) “the trial court abused its discretion in not ordering the in
camera review, as the documents themselves present evidence of continuously withheld
information”; and (4) “given the extreme delays caused by the unsupported plea to the
jurisdiction,” “it really is a matter of judicial efficiency to first require an in camera review of both
Civil Service and intra-departmental files.” Appellant cites no portion of the record, and we have
found none, in which he asserted his “due process” complaints described above in the trial court.
See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1. Consequently, those complaints present nothing for this Court’s review.
See id. Further, (1) appellant provides no citation to the record respecting his assertion as to
–22– “evidence of continuously withheld information” see TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i), and (2) we concluded
above that the City’s plea to the jurisdiction was not “unsupported.” On this record, we disagree
with appellant’s position that the trial court’s refusal to order an in camera review constituted an
abuse of discretion.
Additionally, as to appellant’s complaint respecting the trial court’s refusal to compel
discovery, appellant asserts the trial court (1) erred when it “obstruct[ed] discovery of additional
parties” by dismissing this case “prior to compelling reasonable discovery” of “potential parties”
and (2) abused its discretion by dismissing the case “knowing that [appellant] was actively
discovering the proper individuals in their official capacities to enjoin in the suit in order to address
the ultra vires related relief sought.” However, the record shows the City’s response to appellant’s
“Initial Disclosures” described above included the City’s statement that it “is not currently aware
of any potential parties to this litigation.” To the extent appellant argues the trial court was required
to compel additional responses by the City to those same requests for disclosures based on
appellant’s unsupported assertions that “missing” records were withheld or destroyed by the City,
appellant cites no authority for that position. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 192.4 (discovery should be limited
by trial court “if it determines, on motion or on its own initiative . . .that . . . the discovery sought
is unreasonably cumulative or duplicative”). On this record, we conclude the trial court did not
abuse its discretion respecting discovery of potential parties.
Finally, the record shows appellant’s complaints in his thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth
issues were not raised by him in the trial court. Specifically, appellant did not assert in the trial
court his complaints in those issues respecting the “Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional
Conduct,” “Texas Code of Judicial Conduct,” or violations of the U.S. and Texas constitutions
alleged by him. We conclude those complaints present nothing for this Court’s review. See TEX.
R. APP. P. 33.1.
–23– We decide against appellant on his fifteen issues.4
III. CONCLUSION
We decide appellant’s fifteen issues against him. The trial court’s order is affirmed.
151321F.P05 /Douglas S. Lang/ DOUGLAS S. LANG JUSTICE
4 Subsequent to the filing of this appeal, both sides filed respective pre-submission motions for sanctions in this Court, including a December 19, 2016 motion of appellant for sanctions against the City based on matters pertaining to this appeal and a February 10, 2017 motion of the City for sanctions against appellant based on matters pertaining to this appeal. After due consideration, the parties’ motions for sanctions in this Court are denied.
–24– Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT
MARK RINES, Appellant On Appeal from the 134th Judicial District Court, Dallas County, Texas No. 05-15-01321-CV V. Trial Court Cause No. DC-15-07615. Opinion delivered by Justice Lang, Justices CITY OF CARROLLTON, TEXAS, Brown and Whitehill participating. Appellee
In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED.
It is ORDERED that appellee CITY OF CARROLLTON, TEXAS, recover its costs of this appeal from appellant MARK RINES.
Judgment entered this 13th day of February, 2018.
–25–