Mark D. v. Brenda D.

27 Misc. 3d 713
CourtNew York Supreme Court
DecidedMarch 2, 2010
StatusPublished

This text of 27 Misc. 3d 713 (Mark D. v. Brenda D.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New York Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Mark D. v. Brenda D., 27 Misc. 3d 713 (N.Y. Super. Ct. 2010).

Opinion

OPINION OF THE COURT

Anthony J. Falanga, J.

This is a post-judgment-of-divorce application by the plaintiff (hereafter husband) for an order relieving him of his obligation to pay child support on the ground that the parties’ daughter has constructively abandoned him.

The law on emancipation was set forth by the Appellate Division, Second Department, in Matter of Guevara v Ubillus (47 AD3d 715, 715-716 [2008]) on January 15, 2008, as follows:

“It is fundamental public policy in New York that parents of minor children are responsible for their children’s support until age 21 (see Family Ct Act § 413; Matter of Roe v Doe, 29 NY2d 188, 192-193 [1971]; Matter of Cellamare v Lakeman, 36 AD3d 906 [2007]). ‘Nevertheless, children of employable age and in full possession of their faculties who voluntarily and without cause abandon their home, against the will of their parents and for the purpose of avoiding parental control, forfeit their right to demand support even if they are not financially self-sufficient’ (Matter of Bailey v Bailey, 15 AD3d 577 [2005]; Matter of Roe v Doe, 29 NY2d 188, 192-193 [1971]; Matter of Alice C. v Bernard G.C., 193 AD2d 97, 105 [1993]).
“The evidence on the record sufficiently supports the finding that the petitioner, without good cause, abandoned the respondent’s home on her 18th birthday in order to avoid parental control and to gain independence from her mother’s restrictive household rules (see Matter of Roe v Doe, 29 NY2d 188 [1971]; Matter of Bailey v Bailey, 15 AD3d 577 [2005]; Matter of Commissioner of Social Servs. v Jones-Gamble, 227 AD2d 618 [1996]; cf. Matter of Drago v Drago, 138 AD2d 704, 706 [1988]).”

There are, however, two lines of cases relating to constructive emancipation that are clearly distinguishable, and the distinc[715]*715tion must be carefully considered by a court entertaining an application regarding constructive emancipation.

The concept of constructive emancipation was created by the Court of Appeals in 1971 in Roe v Doe (supra), and continued in Matter of Parker v Stage (43 NY2d 128 [1977]), to relieve a parent of the statutory obligation to support a child who had withdrawn from parental control by actually moving out of the parent’s home and moving in with a classmate (Roe v Doe, supra) or a boyfriend (Parker v Stage, supra). Pursuant to the rule of law established by Roe v Doe (supra) and Parker v Stage (supra), in Guevara v Ubillus (supra), quoted above, an 18 year old was denied support upon a finding that she moved out of her mother’s home to avoid the mother’s restrictive household rules. It is important to note that in this line of cases, the child (or the Department of Social Services on behalf of the child) is a party to the proceeding seeking support.

In 1983, the Appellate Division, Second Department, in Cohen v Schnepf (94 AD2d 783 [1983]), expanded the concept of constructive emancipation to apply to a child of employable age who continued to reside with, and remained under the authority and control of, the residential custodial parent, but refused to submit to the authority and control of the other parent. (Although a parent is obligated to support a child until the age of 21, a court lacks the authority to address custodial issues of parental access and decision making once a child attains the age of 18 [see Family Ct Act § 413; Domestic Relations Law § 2; Matter of Lazaro v Lazaro, 227 AD2d 402 (1996)]. However, residential custody remains a relevant consideration for the court pursuant to Domestic Relations Law § 240 [1-b] in determining child support issues regarding a child between the ages of 18 and 21, and the within decision will therefore refer to a parent as a residential or nonresidential custodial parent.) In such cases, however, the child is not truly constructively emancipated, as he or she remains entitled to support from the residential custodial parent. In reality, in any case with a fact pattern similar to Cohen v Schnepf (supra; see e.g. Alice C. v Bernard G.C., supra; Chamberlin v Chamberlin, 240 AD2d 908 [1997]; Christine C. v Robert N.M, NYLJ, Mar. 28, 2008, at 27), the result of the court’s ruling is not that the child will be forced to support himself or herself, but, rather, that the burden of support will fall 100% on the residential custodial parent, without regard to the Child Support Standards Act guidelines or an existing contractual obligation set forth in a separation agreement or stipulation of settlement.

[716]*716A careful reading of Cohen v Schnepf {supra) reveals that the residential custodial parent was largely responsible for the child’s abandonment of the other parent, and accordingly, the residential parent was left with the burden of supporting the child. But this is not true in every case in which a parent who is not the residential custodian seeks the court’s permission to cease contributing to the support of a child between the ages of 18 and 21. The court must be cognizant of the fact that in certain cases, an order deeming a child constructively emancipated will not affect the child, but will merely serve to place the entire support obligation on the residential custodial parent, who may be blameless vis-á-vis the rift between the child and the noncustodial parent {see Alice C. v Bernard G.C., supra).

The law is well settled that a child support order deriving from a separation agreement incorporated but not merged with a judgment of divorce may be modified by a court only “upon a showing . . . that an unanticipated and unreasonable change of circumstances has occurred resulting in a concomitant need” (Matter of Davis v Davis, 13 AD3d 623, 623-624 [2004] [emphasis added], quoting Merl v Merl, 67 NY2d 359, 362 [1986]; see also Matter of Boden v Boden, 42 NY2d 210 [1977]). The concomitant need has been interpreted to include not only unmet financial needs of a child, but also the financial need of a payor parent who unexpectedly loses a job or becomes disabled (see Davis v Davis, supra; Cox v Cox, 108 AD2d 777 [1985]). As the payor parent herein seeking to be relieved of a support obligation on the ground of constructive emancipation has no “concomitant financial need” for such relief, this court holds as a matter of first impression that an alleged unanticipated and unreasonable abandonment of said parent by a child is not grounds for a court to reapportion the parents’ child support obligations set forth in a separation agreement or stipulation of settlement that has been incorporated and not merged in a judgment of divorce. Separation agreements and stipulations of settlement almost universally provide detailed definitions of emancipation events, and parents are free to include the abandonment of a nonresidential parent by a child as an emancipation event, which event was not included in the subject settlement stipulation.

This court acknowledges, however, that despite the well settled rule of law prohibiting a court from interfering with contractual allocations of child support obligations between [717]*717parents, except upon a showing of an unanticipated change of circumstances and concomitant need (see Merl v Merl, supra; Boden v Boden, supra),

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

In re Roe v. Doe
272 N.E.2d 567 (New York Court of Appeals, 1971)
Boden v. Boden
366 N.E.2d 791 (New York Court of Appeals, 1977)
Parker v. Stage
371 N.E.2d 513 (New York Court of Appeals, 1977)
Merl v. Merl
493 N.E.2d 936 (New York Court of Appeals, 1986)
Davis v. Davis
13 A.D.3d 623 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2004)
Bailey v. Bailey
15 A.D.3d 577 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2005)
Cellamare v. Lakeman
36 A.D.3d 906 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2007)
Guevara v. Ubillus
47 A.D.3d 715 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2008)
Cohen v. Schnepf
94 A.D.2d 783 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1983)
Cox v. Cox
108 A.D.2d 777 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1985)
Drago v. Drago
138 A.D.2d 704 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1988)
Alice C. v. Bernard G. C.
193 A.D.2d 97 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1993)
Lazaro v. Lazaro
227 A.D.2d 402 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1996)
Commissioner of Social Services v. Jones-Gamble
227 A.D.2d 618 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1996)
Chamberlin v. Chamberlin
240 A.D.2d 908 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1997)
Verdrager v. Verdrager
294 A.D.2d 353 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2002)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
27 Misc. 3d 713, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/mark-d-v-brenda-d-nysupct-2010.