Manning v. Capelli

411 A.2d 252, 270 Pa. Super. 207
CourtSuperior Court of Pennsylvania
DecidedFebruary 8, 1980
Docket2985
StatusPublished
Cited by23 cases

This text of 411 A.2d 252 (Manning v. Capelli) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Superior Court of Pennsylvania primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Manning v. Capelli, 411 A.2d 252, 270 Pa. Super. 207 (Pa. Ct. App. 1980).

Opinions

DOWLING, Judge:

This is an appeal from the order of the court below confirming distribution of the proceeds of a wrongful death action pursuant to a schedule of distribution submitted by the appellee, Patricia Ann Manning, Administratrix of the estate of the deceased. The sole question presented for our determination is whether appellant, Linda Civitella, an adult, emancipated child of the deceased, is entitled to share in the distribution of damages, when the deceased has also left surviving minor, unemancipated and/or dependent children.

The appellant is the daughter of the deceased by a prior marriage. The deceased and appellant’s mother were separated when appellant was eight months old, and divorced when appellant was two years old. From the time of her [210]*210parents’ separation through the remainder of her minority and up to her father’s death, appellant had lived apart from the deceased’s home and had received no support, financial or otherwise, from the deceased. '

As a result of the deceased’s accidental death, a wrongful death action was instituted by the surviving spouse as administratrix of her husband’s estate, eventuating in a compromise settlement. The court below distributed Vs of the proceeds to the surviving spouse, and the remaining % equally among the deceased’s two unemancipated minor children and one adult, dependent child. The appellant filed exceptions arguing that she has been improperly excluded and praying for V\ of the proceeds distributed to the deceased’s children. Upon denial of her exceptions by the lower court, appellant brought this appeal.

We are asked to determine whether Pennsylvania’s Wrongful Death Statute, Act of April 15, 1851, P.L. 669, authorizes appellant to participate in the aforesaid distribution, notwithstanding her being an emancipated and financially independent adult.

The Wrongful Death Act of April 15, 1851, P.L. 669, as amended by the Acts of April 26,1855, P.L. 309, and June 7, 1911, P.L. 678 (12 P.S. § 1601 et seq.) created a right of action unknown to the common law in cases where death resulted from violence or negligence and no suit was brought by the injured party in his lifetime. After first establishing the right of action, the Act provides that: “The persons entitled to recover damages for any injuries causing death shall be the husband, widow, children, or parents of the deceased, and no other relatives; . . . and the sum recovered shall go to them in the proportion they would take his or her personal estate in case of intestacy . . . .” 12 P.S. § 1602. Under the Intestate Act of April 24, 1947, P.L. 80 (20 P.S. § 1.1 et seq.), where there is a surviving spouse and more than one child, one-third of the estate of the decedent goes to the widow and the remainder is divided equally among the children.

[211]*211The application of the Wrongful Death Act has caused some difficulty. Its purpose is to compensate certain enumerated relatives of the deceased for the pecuniary loss occasioned to them through deprivation of the part of the earnings of the deceased which they would have received from him had he lived. Pezzulli, Admr. v. D’Ambrosia, 344 Pa. 643, 647, 26 A.2d 659, 661 (1942). Accordingly, it was early held in Gaydos v. Domabyl, 301 Pa. 523, 152 A. 549 (1930), that only those persons who stand in a family relation to the deceased are statutorily authorized to recover damages. Moreover, such a “family relation”:

“ . . . [ejxists between parent and child when a child receives from a parent services or maintenance or gifts with such reasonable frequency as to lead to an expectation of future enjoyment of these services, maintenance, or gifts. The term ‘family relation’ as thus used does not embrace its comprehensive definition, but is confined to certain phases of family relation between the persons named in the act. . . . Before there can be any recovery in damages by one in that relation for the negligent death of another in the same relation, there must be a pecuniary loss. Id., 301 Pa. at 529, 152 A. at 551-552.

Under the facts of the present case, the appellant suffered no pecuniary loss as a result of her father’s death, and therefore would be excluded from distribution.

However, in the context of elaborating on its holding that damages awarded in a death action must be specifically proven and individually measured, the Gaydos court, using a very broad brush, proceeded to distinguish those persons entitled to sue under the Wrongful Death Act from those persons entitled to share in the distribution of proceeds recovered. Wandering afield from the issue before it, the court stated that while a death action could not be maintained except by a surviving spouse, parent or child who sustained pecuniary damage by reason of the deceased’s death, once such a relationship and loss had been shown, all members of that particular class were entitled to an equal [212]*212per capita share of the damages awarded to the class as a whole. “Where all sue and less than that number have been damaged, the verdict must be confined to the loss shown . even though the verdict and distribution of the amount, under the Act, must be made among all the children.” Id., 301 Pa. at 532, 152 A. at 553. It is primarily this dictum, and the trial court decisions which have applied and allowed adult, emancipated children to share in the proceeds distributed to the minor, dependent children of the deceased, upon which the appellant relies. Edelman v. Flyte, 19 D. & C.2d 680 (1959); see, Cullison v. Hartman, 9 D. & C.2d 359 (1956).

Initially, it is important to note that there is no appellate authority in our jurisdiction actually ruling on the precise issue before us today, to wit, whether monies recovered under the Wrongful Death Act and intended as compensation for the damages suffered by the decedent’s minor, dependent children are to be distributed among all of the deceased’s surviving children, minor or adult, dependent and emancipated. The problem presented is well expressed in 7 Goodrich-Amram Procedural Rule Service, § 2201:31.1:

“Apparently, the Supreme Court so far has merely approved the total exclusion of a class of survivors under the Intestate Act if no member of that class has probable damages. . . . The court has not yet entered into the more difficult analysis of the rights of individual members of a class, in order to determine whether one or more of them should be excluded as though they had not in fact survived the decedent.
The court is faced with two clear alternatives. Either the provisions of the Wrongful Death Act must be strictly followed and a distribution made under the Intestate Act, without regard to possible windfalls, or the Act must be interpreted so as to prevent an inequitable benefit to particular individuals.”

For the following reasons, we are persuaded to follow the latter course. It is settled beyond dispute that only persons standing in a “family relation” with the de[213]*213ceased, hereinbefore defined to require pecuniary loss, and statutorily authorized to maintain a wrongful death action as a result of the deceased’s death. In incorporating the intestate method of distribution, the Wrongful Death Act neither creates a new right of action, nor extends the one previously established.

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Bluebook (online)
411 A.2d 252, 270 Pa. Super. 207, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/manning-v-capelli-pasuperct-1980.