Manning Ass'n v. Commissioner

93 T.C. No. 50, 93 T.C. 596, 1989 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 146
CourtUnited States Tax Court
DecidedNovember 15, 1989
DocketDocket No. 13332-88X
StatusPublished
Cited by21 cases

This text of 93 T.C. No. 50 (Manning Ass'n v. Commissioner) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Tax Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Manning Ass'n v. Commissioner, 93 T.C. No. 50, 93 T.C. 596, 1989 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 146 (tax 1989).

Opinion

OPINION

RAUM, Judge:

The Commissioner determined that petitioner does not qualify for exemption from income taxation under section 501(c)(3).1 This case is before us on a petition for a declaratory judgment and a stipulation of the parties as to the correctness and completeness of the administrative record pursuant to Rule 217. The jurisdictional requirements specified in section 7428 have all been satisfied. At issue is whether petitioner is “operated exclusively for * * * educational purposes” under section 501(c)(3).

The evidentiary facts and representations contained in the administrative record are presumed to be true for purposes of this proceeding, and petitioner has the burden of proving that the Commissioner’s determination is in error. Hancock Academy of Savannah, Inc. v. Commissioner, 69 T.C. 488, 489, 492 (1977); Rule 217(c)(2)(i). Petitioner’s principal place of business at all times relevant has been in Chelmsford, Massachusetts.

Petitioner, Manning Association, Inc. (Manning Association or the association), was incorporated in 1901 “for the purpose of acquiring and preserving the ancient Manning homestead * * * and other historic relics and records of the descendants of William Manning * * * and of encouraging friendly intercourse among his descendants.” Membership in the Manning Association is open to any person who is “elected by the Board of Trustees” (and who pays the annual membership dues); however, only descendants of William Manning may own stock in the corporation and only shareholders may. vote or hold office.

William Manning arrived in this country from England around the year 1634, and settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1696 his grandson, Samuel Manning, built a home in North Billerica, Massachusetts, by Chelmsford Road, on land (60 acres) received from his grandfather, and began farming the land. The homestead, a white-trimmed, slant-roofed saltbox, originally consisted of four large rooms, two on the ground floor and two upstairs. A lean-to in the back was added in the 1700’s.

In the early 1700’s “when Indian outbreaks were still to be feared,” the house was officially appointed as a garrison house, to which an allotted number of families could hasten in time of threatened Indian attack. In 1752 the homestead was licensed as a tavern and “did a booming business handling patrons of the Boston-New Hampshire stage coach route.” During the Revolutionary War, the homestead was known as the Manning Tavern, and patriot troops and officers are said to have met or visited there.

The home built by Samuel Manning continuously sheltered one branch of the Manning family for approximately 175 years. Lucinda Manning, who was the sole survivor in the old homestead, moved away from it following harassment by “tramps, gypsies, and other molesters [who] subjected her to severe annoyances.” None of the contents of the building remained after Lucinda’s departure. After Lucinda’s death in 1880 the homestead passed to “trustees who were to lease it and devote the proceeds to ‘public worship and religious instruction’.”

From 1880 to 1899 the house deteriorated rapidly. Late 19th Century photographs show a house on the way to collapse. Squatters took over the building and at one time the occupants raised chickens. During this forsaken period, a group of college students tried to set fire to the then-deserted old house but were prevented by passers-by. This incident was reported in the Boston newspapers and caught the attention of some of the Manning descendants.

In 1898, Warren H. Manning, a prominent landscape architect and one of the descendants, called a preliminary meeting of Mannings in which the plight of the homestead was brought to the family’s attention. In the call for the meeting it was stated that “the house could well be made a place of pilgrimage for Mannings, where relics of the family could be brought together and meetings of the descendants of William Manning held.” After that meeting, two more meetings were held in late 1898 and early 1899. At these meetings, the Mannings decided to create a permanent organization and it was reported that the trustees who held title to the homestead, under the will of Lucinda Manning, had been persuaded to transfer the property back to the Mannings.

In May 1899, Warren H. Manning leased the house from the trustees and began making repairs. The first annual meeting and reunion at the old homestead took place on June 18, 1900. In 1900 Warren H. Manning gave the old homestead the name “Manning Manse”. The quaint term “manse” has since been used by members of the Manning family and certain others in referring to the house; it will be similarly used hereinafter from time to time, without, however, any intention of imparting any historic significance to the term.

The first issue of the Manning Manse Messenger, a newsletter published by petitioner, contains a brief history of the Manning Association. In that newsletter, dated June 1925, it explains how petitioner came to be. It states that “Warren H. Manning in 1900 consulted with David Manning, an attorney of Worcester, Massachusetts, who advised securing a special act * * * and he as a senator in our State legislature secured enactment, on March 4 [1901] of a bill in which the petitioners ‘and their association and successors are hereby made a corporation by the name of the Manning Association’.” Thereafter, title to the property appears to have passed to the Manning Association.

At the second annual reunion held on June 17, 1901, the formal organization of the Manning Association, Inc., was made more complete. A family history explains that “The idea was to make the old homestead the property, not of a few individuals, but of the whole family.” After Warren Manning’s renovations were completed, he issued a call to family members for furniture, pictures, and tools that could be displayed in the old house. In response, more than 2,000 pieces were sent from all over the country. Subsequent donations and acquisitions increased the collection of related artifacts to over 4,000 items. They included colonial furnishings, such as furniture, household articles, documents, paintings, tools, and utensils. Annual meetings of the Manning family have been held at the homestead. Extensive matters relating to the family, summarized in greater detail hereinafter, were pursued through a newsletter, the gathering of genealogical data, the accumulation of family memorabilia, and the production and sale of such items as Manning Manse notepaper, Manning Manse cookbooks, Story of the Manse, bookplates, and Manning coat-of-arms. A tearoom was opened in the house, and was operated from 1909 to 1939, when it was closed at the beginning of World War II. The family history states that “after December 7th of 1941, the world changed for every human being then living. For the moment, ancestry was forgotten.” After the war, the building was again opened up as a business, and since 1948 a number of restaurants have been operated therein.

The needs of the businesses conducted in the homestead have brought about a number of changes. In 1960 a large new one-story building containing a modern dining room was added to the house. From photographs in the record it appears to be at least as long as, if not longer them, the house itself. Paved parking lots, public restrooms, and handicap ramps have been added. Also, extensive landscaping work has been done.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
93 T.C. No. 50, 93 T.C. 596, 1989 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 146, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/manning-assn-v-commissioner-tax-1989.