Laughlin, J.:
No appeal lies from a decision of the court. The remedy of the defeated party is to appeal from the judgment entered, upon the decision.
[30] This is an action, for libel. The defendant is the publisher of a daily newspaper known as the Hew York World.. The alleged libel consisted in the publication in the issue of that paper on the 10th day of December, 1905, of the following articles : ■
“Great Mames Forged in ‘Fads and Fancies.”
“Facsimile Signatures of President Roosevelt, Grover •' Cleveland, and Bishop. ' Potter Employed;
“ All Have Denied Any 'Connection With Book. .
“ Col. Mann declines to riiaké ' ’ any explanation of mat- . . ter to reporters.
“When Col. Mann, the publisher of Fads and Fancies, sent out ■solicitors to obtain' subscribers at $1,500 upward, he had decided that the book, should contain portraits' of and reading matter about •three distinguished men' who were not to be. treated as ‘ coons,’ and the following were not asked to pay:
“ President Theodore Roosevelt.
“ Ex-President Grover Cleveland.
“ Bishop Henry Oodman Potter.
“A-part of the original scheme was'that each .subscriber should - sign his name in each of about one hundred copies. That .plan was given up for various reasons.
“ The book as it is now being distributed to subscribers has an index, not alphabetical, 'giving, the name of each -person .whose fads and fancies are the subject of 'an article,and opposite his name is a fac-simile of his signature.
“ The obvious purpose is to' make it appear -that the signatures stand for the subscribers’ satisfaction with the sketches and for a' testimony that each signer is a bona fide paid up member Of this syndicate , of elegant publicity. ‘ '
[31] “ In this table of contents appear fac-similes of the signatures of President Roosevelt, Mr. Cleveland and Bishop Potter.”
The learned counsel for the respondent contends at the outset that the demurrer was properly overruled under the rule that a demurrer searches the record and that the complaint fails to state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. We are of opinion that this objection is not well taken. The claim made in behalf of the respondent is that the complaint fails to show that the article ptiblished charges the plaintiff with the crime of forgery; and in support of that contention it is argued that the forgery charged may have been committed by the board of directors or some officer of the Town Topics Publishing Company, which, it is alleged in the complaint, was the publisher of “ Fads and Fancies of Representative Americans,” concerning which the alleged libelous article was published. The difficulty with that contention is that the alleged libelous article charges the fact to be that the plaintiff was “ the publisher of Fads and Fancies” and it does not in any manner connect the Town Topics Publishing Company therewith. The headlines of the article published charge that great names wero forged in the publication known as Fads and Females, and since it charges that the' plaintiff was the publisher of Fads and Fancies, the inference would be drawn by a reader of average intelligence that the plaintiff either forged the names or aided and abetted in forging the same and was, therefore, guilty of the crime of forgery.
The demurrer is upon the ground that the defense to which it relates is insufficient in law upon the face thereof. This defense is pleaded as a “Second, further and separate- defense, and as an absolute defense, and in justification of the alleged libels set forth in the complaint.” The defense then alleges that the alleged libels set forth in the complaint “ were and are true, and alleges upon information and belief that it was and is true, as follows,” and then a long statement of facts is set forth, many of which are not directly connected with the alleged libelous article and have no direct bearing thereon. It is thus seen that the matter is not pleaded in mitigation, but as a complete justification. The sufficiency of the defense, therefore, is to be tested by the rigorous rule that the justification must be as broad as the charge. If this defense rested with the allegation that the alleged libels were true, it would, of course, withstand the [32] demurrer; but the allegation that the allegations were true is qualified by the statement, in. effect, that they were true as therein alleged. The matters therein alleged in this defense show that a literary work or book entitled “Fads and Fancies of Representative Americans,” commonly known as Fads and Fancies,.to which the libelous article relates, was edited, printed, published and distributed, not by the plaintiff, but by the Town Topics Publishing Company, a domestic corporation- of which he was president; It also contains allegations that prior to the publication of Fads and Fancies a denial by President Roosevelt that he gave his photograph for publication therein, “ or that he had ever indirect dealings ” with said publication, and a letter written by President Roosevelt to one Mrs. Hampton, stating in substance that' he had not authorized the use of- his „ photograph, and that he “ gave no authorization for either picture or article, and * * * would very much prefer if nothing whatever about ” him appeared, and that he. hoped nothing would appear, came to the knowledge of the plaintiff, and that Fads and-Fancies “ was published and delivered to the subscribers thereof with the guilty knowledge on the' part of the plaintiff ” that the index thereto, in which it is charged by defendant that the names of President Roosevelt, ex-President Cleveland and Bishop Pp’tter appeared without their knowledge or authority, “ was intended to convey the meaning, and did -mean, that each person whose name was in the said list or index was a bona fide paid up subscriber to the-said book, ‘ Fads and Fancies of Representative Americans,’ when, - and as a matter of fact, there was contained in the- said index the names of persons who were not bona fide subscribers, to wit, Theodore Roosevelt, Grover'CleveTand and\Henry Códman Potter; and there was contained in the said, book also biographical sketches of persons which had not been approved of by the subjects thereof, to wit, Theodore Roosevelt; that the placing 'in the said list or index of the names and autographs of persons who were not actual and bona fide subscribers to the said book, to wit, the names and. autographs of Theodore Roosevelt, Grover Cleveland and ' Henry Codman Potter, was done with á guilty knowledge and with a criminal intent and with the intent to conceal a crime, and with the. intent to defraud;” and that the plaintiff, with a view to obtaining the subscriptions to Fads and Fmcies of ,J. Piérpont [33] Moi'gan, George Gould and others, wrote certain letters to them in which he falsely stated, as an inducement to obtain their subscriptions, that President Roosevelt and ex-President Cleveland were subscribers to said literary publication, and that by means of such false representations, he obtained subscriptions from each of them, and on said subscriptions obtained from each of them “$1,500 and upwards,” well knowing that said Roosevelt and Cleveland were not subscribers to Fads a/nd Fancies, and that the plaintiff, in order to obtain for use in the index of subscribers to Fads and Fancies the autograph signatures of said Roosevelt, Cleveland and Potter, “ obtained and reproduced such autograph signatures from some other document, book or writing than a subscription contract for the said book ‘ Fads and Fancies of Representative Americans.’ ” These are the only allegations contained in this defense tending to connect the plaintiff with Fads and Fancies or with the publication thereof.
It is quite clear, we think, that the justification is not as broad as the charge. Moreover, we are of ■ opinion that if the allegations of this defense are susceptible of the construction, which we think they are not, that they connect the plaintiff with all of the things therein alleged to have been done with respect to the publication of Fads and Fancies, either as a principal or as an accessory, still, the crime of forgery as charged in the alleged libelous article is not shown to have been committed, nor is any crime of forgery shown to have been committed. It is manifest that the alleged libelous article charges particularly the crime of forging names or signatures, which would be forgery in the second degree, as defined in subdivision 2 of section 511 of the Penal Code, in that the names or signatures were forged in the index to the article with the intent to defraud others by inducing them to subscribe and pay subscriptions for Fads a/nd Fancies. Ro name or signature was forged. Certain autograph signatures were obtained, according to the allegations in this defense, and used without authority; but they were genuine signatures. Ror would it avail the defendant if the alleged libelous article could be construed as charging the crime of forgery in the third degree, which is defined in subdivision 3 of section 514 of the Penal Code, as follows: “ A person * * * 3. Who shall alter, or who shall cause, aid, abet, or otherwise connive at, or be a party to the [34] /uttering of any letter, telegram, report or other written communication, paper or instrument, purporting to have been written or signed by another person, or any paper purporting to be a copy of any such paper or writing where no original existed, which said letter, telegram, report or other written communication, paper or instrument,, or paper purporting to be a copy thereof, as aforesaid, the person uttering the same shall know to be false, forged or counterfeited, and by the lettering of which the sentiments, opinions, conduct, character, prospects, interests - or rights of such other person shall be misrepresented or otherwise injuriously affected; * * * is guilty of 'forgery in the third- degree.” -
Assuming, without deciding,, that the allegations of the defense in question are such as connect the plaintiff, either as principal or ás accessory, with all the facts therein charged, then -the forgery, in the most favorable view, to be taken of the facts for the defendant, would consist in “ uttering”, the publication known as Fads and Fancies, containing an index‘purporting to have been signed by the individuals named, whose signatures were used without authority, knowing that the same was false in that the index was not signed by them; for on that view of the case there is no allegation in this defense to the effect that the sentiments, opinions, conduct, character, prospects, interests or rights of individuals named were either “misrepresented or otherwise injuriously affected.” The mere fact that they did not sign the index, and that their signatures therein were used without their authority, do not show that their sentiments have been misrepresented or injuriously affected. Upon no-" theory, therefore, is the defense, as pleaded, a complete justification. •
It follows that the appeal from the decision should be dismissed and that the interlocutory judgment should be reversed, with costs, and the demurrer sustained, with costs, but with leave .to the defendant to amend its answer upon payment of the costs of this appeal and of the demurrer.
Ingraham, McLaughlin, Clarke and Scott, J.J., concurred.
Appeal from decision dismissed. Judgment reversed, with costs,. ■ and demurrer sustained, with costs, with leave to defendant to amend on payment of costs.