Malone v. Ellis Timber, Inc.

990 S.W.2d 933, 1999 WL 253147
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedMay 27, 1999
Docket09-97-315CV
StatusPublished
Cited by8 cases

This text of 990 S.W.2d 933 (Malone v. Ellis Timber, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Malone v. Ellis Timber, Inc., 990 S.W.2d 933, 1999 WL 253147 (Tex. Ct. App. 1999).

Opinions

OPINION

RONALD L. WALKER, Chief Justice.

This is a wrongful death suit arising out of a motor vehicle accident. A timber [935]*935track owned and driven by McKenzie Fields struck an overpass where State Highway 103 passed under a Southern Pacific Transportation Company overpass. A dislodged log struck the windshield of a following vehicle, fatally injuring Earl D. Malone. The appellants, Jo Marie Malone, acting individually and as next friend of Stephanie N. Malone, Laura E. Malone and Audra L. Malone, minors; Pauline Edwards, as next friend of Cedric Edwards, a minor; and E. D. Malone, Margaret Malone, and Lakesha Machelle Rogers (collectively referred to as “Malone” in this opinion), filed a wrongful death suit against Fields, Southern Pacific Transportation Company, and Ellis Timber, Inc. At the time of the accident, Fields was en route to a mill operated by Temple-Inland Forest Products Corporation, where Fields sold timber for credit to Ellis’s account with Temple-Inland. The trial court granted Ellis’s motion for summary judgment and severed the claims against Ellis from the remainder of the suit. The appellants present the following issue:

The Trial Court erred in granting summary judgment for Ellis because:
A. There is a Genuine Issue of Material Fact with Regard to Appellants’ Re-spondeat Superior Cause of Action;
B. There is a Genuine Issue of Material Fact with Regard to Appellants’ Negligent Hiring/Employment Claim;
C. There is a Fact Question Regarding Appellants’ Non-Delegable Duty Claim;
D. There are Genuine Issues of Material Fact Regarding Appellants’ Joint Venture, Partnership, and Contractual Relationship Claims;
E. The District Court’s Order Granting Ellis’ Motion for Summary Judgment was in Error because that Motion was superseded by the Amended Motion for Summary Judgment of Ellis Timber, Inc.

Malone seeks to impose vicarious liability upon Ellis for the tortious acts of Fields. In determining whether a principal is vicariously responsible for the conduct of an agent, the key question is whether the principal has the right to control the agent with respect to the details of that conduct. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Traver, 980 S.W.2d 625, 627 (Tex.1998)(citing Newspapers, Inc. v. Love, 380 S.W.2d 582, 590 (Tex.1964)). Under the doctrine of respondeat superior, an employer is vicariously hable for the negligence of an agent or employee acting within the scope of his or her agency or employment, although the principal or employer has not personally committed a wrong, because the employer has the right to control the means and methods of the employee’s work. Baptist Memorial Hosp. System v. Sampson, 969 S.W.2d 945, 947 (Tex.1998). Liability may be imposed upon one who hires an independent contractor if the employer retained a right of control over the contractor’s work and did not use reasonable care in exercising that control. Redinger v. Living, Inc., 689 S.W.2d 415, 418 (Tex.1985). The employer’s duty is commensurate with the control it retains over the contractor’s work. Hoechst-Celanese Corp. v. Mendez, 967 S.W.2d 354, 357 (Tex.1998).

Malone contends Ellis failed to disprove Ellis retained a right of control over Fields’s work. Deposition excerpts attached to the motion for summary judgment include testimony describing the business arrangement between Ellis Timber and McKenzie Fields. According to Fields, Fields located and cut his own tracts of timber, which he transported to mills in his own tractor-trailer rig. Often, but not exclusively, Fields would gain access to the mill by using a card issued by the mill to Ellis. According to Larry Ellis, the president of Ellis Timber, Ellis had a contract to sell wood to Temple-Inland. Fields never hauled timber from tracts cleared by Ellis. Ellis would buy Fields’s timber at the mill. Temple-Inland paid Ellis, who charged Fields $1 per ton and paid the remainder to Fields. Ellis testi-[936]*936fled he could have imposed conditions on Fields, but that he never did.

Malone argues this evidence is insufficient to support a summary judgment because Ellis and Fields are both interested witnesses. Ellis and Fields are interested witnesses, but their testimony could have been controverted. See Tex.R. Civ. P. 166a (c). The logs being hauled at the time of the accident came from a tract of land owned by Gary Cowart. Had Ellis contracted to clear Cowart’s land, or had Fields cleared the land as Ellis’s employee, that information could have been elicited from Cowart. Malone could have secured testimony regarding Ellis’s business arrangements and practices from Ellis’s or Fields’s records or from the other timber-men Ellis identified by name.

Fields worked independently of Ellis and Ellis did not control the details of Fields’s work. In cases extending vicarious liability to one who hires an independent contractor, the duty emanates from control retained over the details of the work from which the injury arises. See Read v. Scott Fetzer Co., 1999 WL 2560 (Tex. December 31, 1998)(not yet reported)(employer required sales be made door-to-door in case where salesperson assaulted homeowner); compare Hoechst-Celanese Corp. v. Mendez, 967 S.W.2d at 358 (premises owner that issued safety guidelines and made inspections owed duty only that its precautions not unreasonably increase the probability and severity of injury); Clayton W. Williams, Jr., Inc. v. Olivo, 952 S.W.2d 523, 528 (Tex.1997) (general contractor will be liable for injuries of an independent contractor’s employee only if it exercised supervisory control over the injury causing activity). Ellis and Fields had no written contract, and, although there is evidence of a potential right of control, Ellis did not retain a right of control and never exercised any actual control over Fields. The nexus between them exists only at the point of sale at the lumber mill, and involves the purchase and sale of timber, not its harvesting or transportation. Ellis established as a matter of law that Fields was neither Ellis’s employee nor an independent contractor over whom Ellis retained control of the manner in which timber was transported to the mill.

Malone argues Ellis failed to negate the allegations that Ellis was negligent in hiring Fields. An owner can be hable for the negligent hiring of an independent contractor when the employer’s negligence in hiring the independent contractor is the proximate cause of the plaintiffs injuries. LaBella v. Charlie Thomas, Inc., 942 S.W.2d 127, 137 (Tex.App.—Amarillo 1997, writ denied). This is a theory of direct, not vicarious, liability. Malone argues that if Ellis had investigated Fields’s background, it would have discovered Fields had eight convictions for driving while intoxicated, the latest dating from 1984 or 1985.

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990 S.W.2d 933, 1999 WL 253147, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/malone-v-ellis-timber-inc-texapp-1999.