Malin v. Studer

2014 Ohio 3366

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: August 4, 2014
• Docket: 2013-G-3150
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as Malin v. Studer, 2014-Ohio-3366.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

GEAUGA COUNTY, OHIO

WALTER MALIN, : OPINION

Plaintiff-Appellant, : CASE NO. 2013-G-3150 - vs - :

SCOTT STUDER, :

Defendant-Appellee. :

Civil Appeal from the Geauga County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 11 M 000661.

Judgment: Affirmed.

Erik L. Walter, Dworken & Bernstein Co., L.P.A., 60 South Park Place, Painesville, OH 44077 (For Plaintiff-Appellant).

Scott Studer, pro se, 9657 Mayfield Road, Chesterland, OH 44026 (For Defendant- Appellee).

THOMAS R. WRIGHT, J.

{¶1} This appeal is from the final judgment in a civil action before the Geauga

County Court of Common Pleas. After a bench trial, the trial court found in favor of

appellant, Walter Malin, on his “breach of contract” claim and awarded him $786.57 in

damages. Before this court, appellant maintains that the trial court made two errors in

calculating damages. For the following reasons, we hold that the trial court did not

error. {¶2} Appellant has owned a 1975 Corvette since the early 1980’s. Through the

years, he made various repairs to the vehicle in order to maintain its condition. At some

point in 2009, he decided to have the vehicle re-painted. While attending a local car

show, appellant saw the paint job on a vehicle belonging to Robert Hecey. During their

ensuing conversation, Hecey recommended appellee, Scott Studer, as qualified to paint

appellant’s Corvette.

{¶3} Appellee resides in Geauga County and has a barn on his property where

he has re-painted numerous vehicles through the years. After an initial consultation in

2009, the men subsequently reached an agreement that appellee would perform certain

work on the Corvette, including the installation of a new front bumper, body work on the

front hood, a new paint job over the entire body, and other small detail work. Hence, on

May 1, 2010, appellant delivered the car to appellee’s residence for the work to begin.

{¶4} Appellant executed a written contract/invoice that appellee had prepared.

The contract stated that appellant was to make an initial deposit of $600, and that the

total amount owed for the job would be $2,300. According to appellee, the parties

verbally agreed that appellant would make an initial deposit of $1,000, but he modified

this provision in the contract because appellant only brought $600 with him when he

delivered the vehicle. The contract also provided that the job would be done in

approximately seven weeks.

{¶5} According to appellee, a few weeks after delivery, appellant returned to his

residence and the parties verbally modified their agreement such that appellee would

perform additional work for an additional $600. It is appellee’s position that appellant

agreed to pay the additional $600 immediately, and that his delay in making this

2 payment was the reason appellee delayed the project. Appellee’s other reason for

delaying the work was appellant’s failure to timely provide necessary materials.

{¶6} On two instances over a sixty-day period between late May 2010 and late

July 2010, appellant sent appellee an additional payment of $300. However, according

to appellant, this additional $600 was not intended to pay for new work that was added

to the project after May 1, 2010; instead, it was meant to pay for materials appellee said

he needed and to give appellee incentive to go forward with the work. Appellant asserts

that when he visited appellee’s residence in late May 2010, appellee had not completed

any work on the vehicle; furthermore, when he was there in late July 2010, the vehicle

was disassembled and very little work had been performed. Appellant also asserts that,

from June through September 2010, he tried to telephone appellee on many occasions,

but appellee was never there and would not return his calls.

{¶7} In early September 2010, the parties had a telephonic conversation

regarding the status of the project. According to appellant, appellee told him that he

had just painted the vehicle, and that it only needed a few days to fully dry. Based upon

this, appellee demanded immediate payment of the amount still owed. But appellant

refused, stating that he would not make any further payments until he saw the car. As a

result, nothing else occurred over the next few weeks.

{¶8} In early October 2010, appellee telephoned appellant and demanded that

the vehicle be removed from his property. Fearing that appellee might be belligerent,

appellant contacted the local police department and obtained a police escort. Although

most of the car had been re-assembled, it could not be driven away; thus, appellant had

to employ a flat-bed truck to remove the vehicle. Additionally, while parts of the vehicle

3 had been prepped for painting, none of the car had been painted.

{¶9} In returning the vehicle, appellee put some of the materials or new parts

appellant bought inside the car. When appellant got the vehicle back to his home, he

inventoried the returned items and determined that appellee had not returned some

parts. Even though appellant immediately asked appellee to return those items,

appellee did not address the matter until the underlying action was filed in June 2011.

At that point, appellee returned the majority of the unreturned items. However, three

parts, valued at $246.57, were not returned.

{¶10} In his complaint, appellant asserted claims sounding in breach of contract,

fraud, unjust enrichment, theft and conversion of funds, and sought relief under R.C.

2307.60 and 2307.61. In the last claim, appellant alleged that appellee committed a

theft offense in relation to the three unreturned parts and the $1,200 that was pre-paid

for the contracted work. He, therefore, sought treble damages for the unreturned parts

and the pre-paid funds. Appellant requested damages of $10,499.19.

{¶11} A one-day bench trial was held in May 2013. In addition to testifying on

his own behalf, appellant presented the testimony of Russell Conley, a body shop

operator since 1999. Conley testified that appellant asked him to inspect the Corvette

and give an estimate regarding how much it would cost to paint the car. Conley testified

that it would be necessary for him to strip the old paint from the body, clean-up certain

spots appellee did not complete, repair other flaws on the body, and apply the new

paint. Finally, Conley stated that it would take approximately eighty hours to complete

the job, and that would cost $6,159.48.

{¶12} In addition to testifying in response, appellee presented the testimony of

4 Joseph Sutter, a mechanic who had restored at least twenty-five cars in his lifetime. As

part of his testimony, Sutter stated that he saw appellant’s Corvette at appellee’s place

in September 2010, approximately two weeks before it was given back to appellant. He

further stated that, in his estimation, appellee had completed 90% of the “prep” work for

the new paint job.

{¶13} In entering judgment in appellant’s favor, the trial court made the following

findings of fact: (1) appellant was only required to submit an initial deposit of $600, not

$1,000; (2) appellant never agreed to the performance of additional work that was not

set forth in the written contract/invoice; (3) appellee failed to satisfy his obligations under

the contract; and (4) appellee’s delay in completing the paint job was not legally

justified. In light of the two latter two findings, the court found that appellee breached

the contract for the paint job. However, the trial court also found that appellee did not

act fraudulently or commit any theft offense as to the unreturned parts or the $1,200

appellant pre-paid for the work; hence, appellant was not entitled to treble damages

under R.C. 2307.61. In addition, the court found that appellee did not breach any

fiduciary duty as to the care of the vehicle.

{¶14} As to the award of damages, the trial court concluded that appellant was

entitled to recover the value of the unreturned parts, $246.57, and a portion of the

$1,200 payments. Regarding the latter amount, the court found that appellee had done

some of the required work under the contract; as a result, the court held that appellant

could recover $540 of the already paid $1,200. The total judgment is for $786.56.

{¶15} In appealing the trial court’s calculation of damages, appellant raises two

assignments of error for review:

5 {¶16} “[1.] The trial court abused its discretion in calculating the damages

awarded to [appellant] in that it discounted the expert testimony of Russell Conley,

[appellant’s] expert in calculating the damage award.

{¶17} “[2.] The trial court abused its discretion in failing to find [appellee] violated

ORC 2307.60 and/or 2307.61 and thereby failing to award treble damages and attorney

fees”

{¶18} Under his first assignment, appellant contends that the trial court failed to

accord proper weight to Russell Conley’s testimony as to what it would cost to perform

the work covered under the contract with appellee. As noted above, Conley testified on

behalf of appellant that it would cost $6,159.48 to essentially redo appellee’s work and

then paint the Corvette. Appellant asserts that, since Conley’s basic testimony was not

contradicted by appellee, the trial court should have adopted the $6,159.48 figure as the

proper measure of damages for appellee’s failure to perform the contracted work.

{¶19} In its final judgment, the trial court expressly stated that it found Conley’s

testimony to be “convincing.” Therefore, the trial court’s rejection of Conley’s figure was

not due to the fact that it did not find his testimony believable. Instead, the court held

that, as a matter of law, the Conley figure was not the proper measure of damages

because the total sum of work appellee was required to do under the contract was

$2,300. As part of its analysis, the trial court stated:

{¶20} “The finding is that [Conley], while persuasive in his testimony, was going

to perform a job that exceeded the work that [appellee] was hired to do. [Appellee] was

not hired to do the exacting job that [Conley] estimated. For instance, [Conley]

envisioned stripping the whole car down of all of the paint before starting any work.

6 That was not the agreement between [appellee] and [appellant].. * * * The Court finds

that [appellee] quoted a job that didn’t include completely stripping the car of all paint,

and primer, and [appellant] agreed to that job.”

{¶21} The record contains some evidence supporting the trial court’s finding on

this point. During cross-examination, it was demonstrated that Conley’s estimate was

based upon his intention to strip the vehicle of all existing paint, including the primer that

appellee had sprayed on the body in preparing it to be painted. Thus, Conley’s work in

“prepping” the car for the paint job would be different than the work appellee performed

and agreed to do. As to the paint job itself, Conley said that he would apply multiple

coats of paints, as compared to a one-coat job. Last, when Conley was asked if the

paint job he had estimated could be done for $2,000, he testified that it was not

possible.

{¶22} On direct examination, Conley stated that his estimate included “cleaning

up the previous work and stripping and repairing anything that hadn’t been repaired

properly and refinishing it.” However, on cross-examination, Conley clarified his prior

testimony and stated that his estimate did not encompass repairing any specific work

performed by appellee. Accordingly, this was not a situation in which Conley’s estimate

was higher because it would be necessary to correct any damage to the car caused by

appellee. Instead, the higher estimate was due to the fact that Conley would be doing a

different type of paint job than the one appellee agreed to do for appellant.

{¶23} Hence, the trial court did not err in refusing to base its calculation of

damages upon the Conley testimony.

{¶24} As a general proposition, a judgment will be reversed as being against the

7 manifest weight of the evidence only when the trier of fact clearly lost its way, thereby

creating a manifest miscarriage of justice. Shelly Materials, Inc. v. Great Lakes

Crushing, LTD., 11th Dist. Portage No. 2013-P-0016, 2013-Ohio-5654, ¶30. In light of

the foregoing, the trial court did not err in failing to award damages consistent with

Conley’s testimony. Appellant’s first assignment is without merit.

{¶25} Under his second assignment, appellant maintains that the trial court erred

in not awarding treble damages as to the unreturned funds and parts. Citing R.C.

2307.60 and 2306.61, he contends that he was entitled to treble damages and attorney

fees because appellee committed a “theft offense” by failing to return parts and money.

{¶26} R.C. 2307.60 governs a person’s statutory right to seek financial recovery

for a criminal act. Division (A)(1) generally states that if an individual has been injured

in person or property, he may bring a civil action to recover full damages, attorney fees,

and the costs of maintaining the action. In turn, R.C. 2307.61 sets forth the means for

calculating damages in a R.C. 2307.60 action when a property owner has been the

victim of a theft offense. Division (A) of the latter statute provides, in pertinent part:

{¶27} “(A) If a property owner brings a civil action pursuant to division (A) of

section 2307.60 of the Revised Code to recover damages from any person who willfully

damages the owner’s property or who commits a theft offense, as defined in section

2913.02 of the Revised Code, the property owner may recovers as follows:

{¶28} “(1) In the civil action, the property owner may elect to recover moneys as

described in division (A)(1)(a) or (b) of this section:

{¶29} “* * *

{¶30} “(b) Liquidated damages in whichever of the following amounts is greater:

8 {¶31} “(i)Two hundred dollars;

{¶32} “(ii) Three times the value of the property at the time it was willfully

damaged or was the subject of a theft offense, irrespective of whether the property is

recovered by way of replevin or otherwise, is destroyed or otherwise damaged, is

modified otherwise altered, is resalable at its full market price. * * *.”

{¶33} Additionally, R.C. 2307.61(A)(2) provides that if the property owner sent a

written demand letter to the defendant prior to filing the case and the defendant failed to

make the required payment, the property owner can also recover attorney fees, the

costs of bringing the action, and reasonable administrative costs.

{¶34} In our case, there is no dispute that, appellant sent a written demand letter

prior to instituting the underlying case and appellee did not return any of the $1,200

appellant pre-paid for the work. Moreover, as to the parts appellant bought for the

project, although appellee returned the majority of the retained items after the case

began, there were certain parts valued at $246.57 that were not returned. The trial

court found appellee was liable for damages for the value of the unreturned parts and

unearned funds. Nevertheless, the court also expressly found that appellee did not

commit a “theft offense” as to the unreturned parts and the funds. In making this

finding, the trial court did not provide any explanation.

{¶35} Pursuant to R.C. 2913.02(A)(2), a person can be found guilty of theft if he,

with purpose to deprive another individual of his property, knowingly exerts control over

the property which is beyond the scope of the owner’s express or implied consent.

When the evidence is viewed in its entirety, it does not demonstrate that the trial court

lost its way in concluding that appellant failed to prove a “theft offense” as to the

9 unreturned parts or money.

{¶36} Consistent with the foregoing analysis, the judgment of the Geauga

County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

DIANE V. GRENDELL, J.,

CYNTHIA WESTCOTT RICE, J.,

concur.