Magee v. Rite Aid

182 P.3d 429, 144 Wash. App. 1

Opinions

Baker, J.

Footnotes

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¶1 — Marcia Magee applied for workers’ compensation, claiming that she suffered an industrial injury by being sexually assaulted by her manager. Her claim was denied on the grounds that her written application for compensation was submitted after the expiration of the statutory time limit. The denial was upheld by the state Board of Industrial Insurance Appeals. She appeals the superior court’s order affirming the decision by the board. We affirm.

I

¶2 Marcia Magee was a long-time employee at Rite Aid. Magee describes herself as handicapped. She suffers from autism, dyslexia, and dysgraphia, and falls frequently because she has trouble keeping her balance. She has great difficulty reading and writing. As a result of her disabilities, she struggled in school and attended community college programs which required minimal paperwork. Over the years she worked at what she describes as “marginal” jobs that she could perform without having to read or write.

¶3 She began working at Rite Aid in 1987. There, she arranged merchandise on shelves, swept the floors, and retrieved shopping carts. Due to her disabilities, she was given no tasks involving paperwork.

¶4 Magee claims that beginning in October 2000, she was sexually assaulted numerous times by her manager, A1 Woolford. She claims Woolford even attacked her in her apartment after she resigned from Rite Aid in May 2001.

¶5 After leaving Rite Aid, Magee filed a petition for an antiharassment order against Woolford.¹ Magee’s petition is handwritten and, as a result of her disabilities, is filled with grammatical and spelling errors.² While it is challenging to decipher, one can nevertheless glean what she alleges Woolford did. She describes Woolford attacking her sexually after store hours, and forcing her to masturbate him and have sex with him. She describes herself feeling trapped and physically inferior as a result of her infirmities. She wrote, “I had been inform by doctors to aware of his danger behavior.” She concludes by stating, “I am afrid for my life.” The order was granted and served on Woolford at the Rite Aid store where he worked.

¶6 According to Magee, Woolford attended two hearings related to the antiharassment order, accompanied by Roy Slack, the store manager.

¶7 In September 2001, Magee filed suit against Woolford in King County District Court. The action was later transferred to superior court. Rite Aid was not a named party in the suit.

¶8 Woolford filed a counter suit, and Magee submitted an answer, affirmative defenses, and counterclaims. In her answer, she reiterated her charges against Woolford, asserting, inter alia, that he assaulted her at her place of employment using his position and status as manager to assist him in doing so, that he sodomized her, and that he engaged in other violent and belittling sexual conduct. Magee asserted that Woolford and Rite Aid were aware of her health status and other issues leading to her vulnerability and that she had been damaged physically and emotionally by the assaults, and she sought damages in compensation for her injuries.

¶9 In October 2001, attorney James Dickens was retained by Rite Aid to respond to a subpoena duces tecum served in the Magee/Woolford dispute. In April 2002, he received a copy of Magee’s answer from her attorney. In May 2002, Magee and her attorney met with Dickens in person.

¶10 After the subpoena had been served, Charles Newcomer, Rite Aid’s human resources manager, conducted an investigation into the matter. In his handwritten records, Newcomer noted that Roy Slack, the store manager, had told him that Magee had filed an Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) complaint. Newcomer called the EEOC and learned that Woolford was the subject of the complaint. He further noted that Magee had served a restraining order on Woolford in September 2001. According to his notes, he spoke several times with Magee. He also tried to talk to Woolford about his relationship with Magee, but Woolford refused to do so on the advice of his attorney. Less than two weeks later, Newcomer spoke to Magee again, telling her “Rite Aid would not be caught in the middle between their problems.” In October 2001, Newcomer turned the investigation over to Rite Aid’s counsel, James Dickens.

¶11 The lawsuit involving Magee and Woolford was ultimately settled out of court. While not a named party, Rite Aid participated in the settlement.

¶12 In January 2004, Magee filed a “Self-Insurer Accident Report” form (SIF-2) workers’ compensation claim with Rite Aid. The Department of Labor and Industries denied the claim because it was made more than one year after the alleged injury occurred. The department also denied Magee’s request that Rite Aid be penalized for failing to report an industrial injury to the department. Magee appealed to the Board of Industrial Insurance Appeals, which affirmed the department decision denying her claim as untimely. During the litigation before the board, Magee sought access to documents retained by Dickens, who represented Rite Aid in the settlement of the lawsuit between Magee and Woolford. That request was denied by the board.

¶13 The board found that Magee and Woolford had sexual contact but noted that the parties differed in their descriptions of the contact. Magee characterized the contact as assaults, while Woolford characterized it as consensual. The board then declared that the SIF-2 form Magee submitted in 2004 was the first notice Rite Aid received alleging an industrial accident. “At no time prior to that did the self-insured employer have notice or knowledge of an injury . . . sustained by Ms. Magee in her employment that resulted in treatment from a physician, . . . hospitalization, disability from work, or death as a result of the injury.”

¶14 Magee appealed to the superior court, and both parties filed motions for summary judgment. The superior court denied Magee’s motion for summary judgment and affirmed the decision of the Board of Industrial Insurance Appeals. Given its ruling on Magee’s motion, the court found it unnecessary to enter an order on Rite Aid’s motion for summary judgment. The court subsequently denied Magee’s motion for reconsideration.

II

¶15 The board’s decision is prima facie correct under RCW 51.52.115, and a party attacking the decision must support its challenge by a preponderance of the evidence.³ On review, the superior court may substitute its own findings and decision for the board’s only if it finds from a fair preponderance of credible evidence that the board’s findings and decision are incorrect.⁴ In this appeal, review is limited to examination of the record to see whether substantial evidence supports the findings made after the superior court’s de novo review, and whether the court’s conclusions of law flow from the findings.⁵

Magee’s application

¶16 The purpose of the Industrial Insurance Act, Title 51 RCW, is to reduce to a minimum the suffering and economic loss arising from injuries and/or death occurring in the course of employment.⁶ The intended beneficiary of the act is the injured worker, and therefore the act’s provisions should be liberally construed, with all doubts resolved in favor of the injured worker.⁷

¶17 RCW 51.28.050 mandates that a worker must file an application for benefits within one year of the date an injury occurred in order to receive compensation under the act.⁸ “Filing an application” means a written document must be filed with the department or self-insured employer.⁹ It is not a formal and highly technical requirement such as might apply to a pleading.¹⁰ As long as the writing filed reasonably directs attention to the fact that an injury, with its particulars, has been sustained and that compensation is claimed, the statute has been substantially complied with. ¹¹

“The Workmen’s Compensation Law was particularly framed to avoid legal terminology and the technicalities of law pleading. It was intended that the working people themselves could make and file these claims and give the notice of injury. The cost and expense of employing attorneys were to be avoided if possible. The act was for the benefit of the workingman and his family, not for the profession. The notice, therefore, of injury and the claim for compensation are sufficient when the facts of the injury are stated with reasonable certainty, and it is also reasonably to be inferred that a claim for compensation is being made.”[12]

¶18 After noting the liberality of the courts regarding irregularities in filing compensation claims, the court in Nelson v. Department of Labor & Industries¹³ held that there is no particular form of pleading required to give the state industrial commission jurisdiction to hear and determine a claim for compensation.¹⁴ Anything filed with the industrial commission that challenges its attention, and causes it to act, is sufficient to put in motion the process of the industrial commission to see that compensation is paid to injured employees.¹⁵

¶19 Magee argues that both the antiharassment order, and the answer she filed in her civil dispute with Magee, satisfied the minimal standard of notice laid out in Nelson.16

¶20 The antiharassment order, she argues, was sufficient to reasonably direct Rite Aid’s attention to the injuries she sustained and to alert it that she was claiming compensation. She asserts that Woolford, as her manager at Rite Aid and her immediate superior, was the person to whom she was to report her injury under RCW 51.28.010.¹⁷ Thus, she argues, she substantially complied with the requirements of the statute when she filed for and served the antiharassment order.

¶21 She argues that the answer also satisfied the Nelson requirement. The answer stated that Woolford assaulted her at the store, using his position and status as manager to assist him in doing so, that he sodomized her, and that he engaged in violent sexual conduct. It stated that Magee had been damaged physically and emotionally by the assaults, and that she was seeking damages from Woolford in compensation for her injuries.

¶22 Rite Aid insists that the board and the superior court were correct in finding that the SIF-2 workers’ com pensation form filed in 2004 constituted the first written notice the company received that Magee had suffered injury and was seeking workers’ compensation.

¶23 In Rite Aid’s view, the antiharassment order was never drafted for the purpose of reporting an on-the-job injury, and thus does not meet the requirements of an application for workers’ compensation benefits. The order, according to Rite Aid, lacked the necessary context, content, and appropriate delivery to a corporate officer to qualify as an application for benefits.

¶24 While Rite Aid concedes that a copy of Magee’s answer in her litigation with Woolford was received by its attorney, it disputes the efficacy of the answer, as it does the antiharassment order. It describes the answer as alleging “sexual harassment” and contends that it, too, did not contain information notifying Rite Aid that an industrial injury had occurred and that Magee was seeking workers’ compensation.

¶25 In its order denying Magee’s motion for summary judgment, the court below cited Nelson and noted the requirement that an application must include facts sufficient to establish that the worker suffered an injury, and that the worker was seeking compensation. The court ruled that Magee failed to file an application satisfying the latter requirement within the time period required by RCW 51.28.050.

¶26 It is significant that the communication made by the claimant in Nelson was to the review board in an existing industrial insurance claim. The court’s discussion regarding the sufficiency of the notice of an injury and a compensation claim for it must be understood in that context. Nelson does not stand for the proposition that a self-insurer’s awareness that an employee is suing another employee for damages arising in part from incidents occurring at a workplace is sufficient to put the employer on notice that a claim for industrial insurance compensation is being made.

¶27 Neither the order nor the answer named Rite Aid as a party. The order made passing reference to doctors but did not indicate that Magee sought medical attention for injuries received as a result of the alleged assaults, nor did it state that Magee was seeking compensation from Rite Aid. Magee sought damages in her answer, but she sought them from Woolford, not from Rite Aid. The documents Magee relies upon related to her civil claims against Woolford, and none of them stated that she was seeking compensation from Rite Aid as a self-insured employer.

¶28 The antiharassment order and answer are documents related to civil matters in which Rite Aid was not a named party. We recognize that the requirement for notice is not formal and highly technical.¹⁸ As long as the writing reasonably directs attention to the fact that an injury, with its particulars, has been sustained and that compensation is claimed, the statute has been substantially complied with.¹⁹ Even if we concluded that notice of the fact of injury was given, the application must be such that a self-insured employer can reasonably infer that a claim for workers’ compensation is being made.²⁰ The documents relied upon by Magee do not do so.

Motion to dismiss reply brief

¶29 Rite Aid filed a motion to strike Magee’s reply brief for making inflammatory factual assertions for which there is no support in the record. This court is capable of sifting through Magee’s impassioned rhetoric and isolating the relevant facts. We decline to dismiss the reply.

Attorney fees

¶30 Rite Aid has requested costs on appeal. RCW 51.52.130, which covers attorney fees on appeal in industrial insurance cases, makes no provision for such costs to be paid to Rite Aid. The established interpretation of RCW 51.52.130 limits the recovery of attorney fees to injured workers and beneficiaries who successfully obtain reversal or modification of board decisions and denies any such recovery for attorney fees to employers.²¹

¶31 Affirmed.

Agid, J., concurs.

Judge William W. Baker was a member of the Court of Appeals at the time oral argument was heard on this matter. He is now serving as a judge pro tempore of the court pursuant to ROW 2.06.150.

1

In addition to the antiharassment order, Magee filed a complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), alleging sexual harassment, but not sexual assault. Rite Aid received a copy of the EEOC claim. She also applied for benefits under the Crime Victims’ Compensation Program. Ultimately, nothing came of either claim.

2

Her spoken testimony, in contrast, is far more articulate.

3

Ravsten v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 108 Wn.2d 143, 146, 736 P.2d 265 (1987).

4

McClelland v. ITT Rayonier, Inc., 65 Wn. App. 386, 390, 828 P.2d 1138 (1992).

5

Young v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 81 Wn. App. 123, 128, 913 P.2d 402 (1996).

6

RCW 51.12.010.

7

RCW 51.12.010; Doty v. Town of S. Prairie, 155 Wn.2d 527, 531, 120 P.3d 941 (2005); McIndoe v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 144 Wn.2d 252, 256-57, 26 P.3d 903 (2001).

8

Wheaton v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 40 Wn.2d 56, 58, 240 P.2d 567 (1952).

9

Nelson v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 9 Wn.2d 621, 629, 115 P.2d 1014 (1941).

10

Nelson, 9 Wn.2d at 629.

11

Nelson, 9 Wn.2d at 629.

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12 Nelson, 9 Wn.2d at 629 (quoting In re Claim of Kaplan, 248 N.Y. 10, 13, 161 N.E. 204 (1928)).

13

9 Wn.2d 621, 629, 115 P.2d 1014 (1941).

14

Nelson, 9 Wn.2d at 630 (quoting Steffens Ice Cream Co. v. Jarvis, 132 Okla. 300, 270 P. 1103, 1104 (1928)).

15

Nelson, 9 Wn.2d at 630 (quoting Steffens Ice Cream Co., 270 P at 1104).

16

Nelson, 9 Wn.2d at 629.

17

RCW 51.28.010 states that whenever any accident occurs to any worker it shall he the duty of such worker to forthwith report such accident to his or her employer, superintendent, or supervisor in charge of the work.

18

Nelson, 9 Wn.2d at 629.

19

Nelson, 9 Wn.2d at 629.

20

Nelson, 9 Wn.2d at 629 (quoting Kaplan, 248 N.Y. at 13).

21

Seattle Sch. Dist. No. 1 v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 116 Wn.2d 352, 361-62, 804 P.2d 621 (1991).