MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be Jan 29 2016, 9:37 am regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Mark Olivero Gregory F. Zoeller Fort Wayne, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Christina D. Pace Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Lyle M. Moser, January 29, 2016 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Cause No. 02A03-1505-CR-418 v. Appeal from the Allen Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable John F. Surbeck, Appellee-Plaintiff. Jr., Judge Trial Court Cause No. 02D06-1404-FC-119
Barnes, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1505-CR-418 | January 29, 2016 Page 1 of 7 Case Summary [1] Lyle Moser appeals his conviction and sentence for Class C felony fraud on a
financial institution. We affirm.
Issues [2] Moser raises two issues, which we restate as:
I. whether there is sufficient evidence to support his conviction; and
II. whether his eight-year sentence is inappropriate.
Facts [3] On the afternoon of Friday, December 13, 2013, Moser used an ATM to
deposit two checks at Star Financial Bank (“Star”), a federally-insured
institution. One check for $2,059.90 purported to be a cashier’s check and
identified South American Climbing as the remitter. The other check was for
$1,400.00 and was purported to have been issued by Community Caregivers in
Ohio. When Moser made the deposit, his account balance was zero.
[4] Immediately after Moser made the deposit, he began checking the balance and
attempted to withdraw money from the account. The funds were posted to
Moser’s account the next day, and he used his ATM card to make several cash
withdrawals and purchases. By Sunday evening, there were insufficient funds
in the account, and the ATM card was declined by a merchant.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1505-CR-418 | January 29, 2016 Page 2 of 7 [5] When Star attempted to process the checks the next week, both checks were
dishonored by their respective banks. Michelle Halter, a security analyst and
senior investigator for Star, began an investigation. She noticed typos on both
checks and saw that one of them previously had been presented for payment
and rejected. Halter contacted Moser regarding the checks. Moser explained to
Halter that he received the checks as payment for car parts he sold on Craigslist.
Moser denied having been overpaid and offered to bring in the envelopes the
checks were mailed in but never did.
[6] On April 29, 2014, the State charged Moser with Class C felony fraud on a
financial institution. That same day, Moser sent a letter to the prosecutor’s
office describing himself as a victim of a Craigslist scam, offering to repay the
money, and indicating that he could provide emails and envelopes to support
his claim. The letter indicated he had spoken with a detective and would meet
with the detective when he returned to Indiana. Moser never contacted the
detective, produced the emails, or repaid Star.
[7] A jury found Moser guilty as charged. The trial court sentenced him to eight
years in the Department of Correction. Moser now appeals.
Analysis I. Sufficiency
[8] Moser argues there is insufficient evidence of his intent to defraud Star. When
reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, we neither reweigh the
evidence nor assess the credibility of witnesses. Bailey v. State, 979 N.E.2d 133,
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1505-CR-418 | January 29, 2016 Page 3 of 7 135 (Ind. 2012). We view the evidence—even if conflicting—and all reasonable
inferences drawn from it in a light most favorable to the conviction and affirm if
there is substantial evidence of probative value supporting each element of the
crime from which a reasonable trier of fact could have found the defendant
guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Id.
[9] At the time Moser committed the offense, Indiana Code Section 35-43-5-8(1)
defined Class C felony fraud on a financial institution as knowingly executing
or attempting to execute a scheme or artifice to defraud a state or federally-
chartered or federally-insured financial institution. “A person engages in
conduct ‘knowingly’ if, when he engages in the conduct, he is aware of a high
probability that he is doing so.” Ind. Code § 35-41-2-2(b).
[10] Moser contends the State did not prove that he knowingly defrauded Star. He
refers us to his letter to the prosecutor describing himself as a victim of a
Craigslist scheme and to his testimony explaining the inconsistencies in his
various versions of events.
[11] The evidence most favorable to the verdict, however, established that Moser
knowingly defrauded Star. For example, there were obvious typos on both
checks including the misspelled “remmitter,” the lack of capitalization of
Moser’s last name, and an extra period in an address line. Ex. 3. Also, when
Moser attempted to cash one of the checks, it was declined, and he was
instructed to take the check to his bank. Instead, he deposited the checks into
an account with a zero balance at an ATM on a Friday afternoon while the
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1505-CR-418 | January 29, 2016 Page 4 of 7 bank was open and then performed several balance inquires, withdrawals, and
purchases, ultimately depleting the funds in two days, before the checks were
processed by Star.
[12] Further, Moser’s statements to Halter and the prosecutor were riddled with
inconsistencies and were inconsistent with his trial testimony. Despite claiming
to have emails and envelopes to support his story of being a victim of a
Craigslist scheme, he never produced the emails and waited until the trial to
present the envelopes that did not positively verify his story. At trial, Moser
claimed that one person purchased the car and parts he had listed for sale on
Craigslist and sent Moser three checks, one from Community Caregivers, one
from South American Climbing, and one from Sears Optical, in advance of
receiving the car and parts. Moser claimed he never cashed the third check and
had the envelope at home. He also testified that the car and parts were picked
up after he became aware the checks were bad, but he did not report the
incident to the police.
[13] Finally, Moser testified that his asking price for the car was $1,500.00, which he
sold for $2,059.00, and that the asking price for the parts was $500.00, which he
sold for $1,400.00. Moser agreed that the purchaser overpaid by roughly
$1,500.00 and claimed that the purchaser instructed him to pay the two people
who picked up the car and parts $500.00 each. This is inconsistent with
Halter’s testimony that, when she spoke with Moser, he claimed there was no
overpayment.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1505-CR-418 | January 29, 2016 Page 5 of 7 [14] From this evidence, the jury could conclude that Moser knowingly defrauded
Star.
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MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be Jan 29 2016, 9:37 am regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Mark Olivero Gregory F. Zoeller Fort Wayne, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Christina D. Pace Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Lyle M. Moser, January 29, 2016 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Cause No. 02A03-1505-CR-418 v. Appeal from the Allen Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable John F. Surbeck, Appellee-Plaintiff. Jr., Judge Trial Court Cause No. 02D06-1404-FC-119
Barnes, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1505-CR-418 | January 29, 2016 Page 1 of 7 Case Summary [1] Lyle Moser appeals his conviction and sentence for Class C felony fraud on a
financial institution. We affirm.
Issues [2] Moser raises two issues, which we restate as:
I. whether there is sufficient evidence to support his conviction; and
II. whether his eight-year sentence is inappropriate.
Facts [3] On the afternoon of Friday, December 13, 2013, Moser used an ATM to
deposit two checks at Star Financial Bank (“Star”), a federally-insured
institution. One check for $2,059.90 purported to be a cashier’s check and
identified South American Climbing as the remitter. The other check was for
$1,400.00 and was purported to have been issued by Community Caregivers in
Ohio. When Moser made the deposit, his account balance was zero.
[4] Immediately after Moser made the deposit, he began checking the balance and
attempted to withdraw money from the account. The funds were posted to
Moser’s account the next day, and he used his ATM card to make several cash
withdrawals and purchases. By Sunday evening, there were insufficient funds
in the account, and the ATM card was declined by a merchant.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1505-CR-418 | January 29, 2016 Page 2 of 7 [5] When Star attempted to process the checks the next week, both checks were
dishonored by their respective banks. Michelle Halter, a security analyst and
senior investigator for Star, began an investigation. She noticed typos on both
checks and saw that one of them previously had been presented for payment
and rejected. Halter contacted Moser regarding the checks. Moser explained to
Halter that he received the checks as payment for car parts he sold on Craigslist.
Moser denied having been overpaid and offered to bring in the envelopes the
checks were mailed in but never did.
[6] On April 29, 2014, the State charged Moser with Class C felony fraud on a
financial institution. That same day, Moser sent a letter to the prosecutor’s
office describing himself as a victim of a Craigslist scam, offering to repay the
money, and indicating that he could provide emails and envelopes to support
his claim. The letter indicated he had spoken with a detective and would meet
with the detective when he returned to Indiana. Moser never contacted the
detective, produced the emails, or repaid Star.
[7] A jury found Moser guilty as charged. The trial court sentenced him to eight
years in the Department of Correction. Moser now appeals.
Analysis I. Sufficiency
[8] Moser argues there is insufficient evidence of his intent to defraud Star. When
reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, we neither reweigh the
evidence nor assess the credibility of witnesses. Bailey v. State, 979 N.E.2d 133,
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1505-CR-418 | January 29, 2016 Page 3 of 7 135 (Ind. 2012). We view the evidence—even if conflicting—and all reasonable
inferences drawn from it in a light most favorable to the conviction and affirm if
there is substantial evidence of probative value supporting each element of the
crime from which a reasonable trier of fact could have found the defendant
guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Id.
[9] At the time Moser committed the offense, Indiana Code Section 35-43-5-8(1)
defined Class C felony fraud on a financial institution as knowingly executing
or attempting to execute a scheme or artifice to defraud a state or federally-
chartered or federally-insured financial institution. “A person engages in
conduct ‘knowingly’ if, when he engages in the conduct, he is aware of a high
probability that he is doing so.” Ind. Code § 35-41-2-2(b).
[10] Moser contends the State did not prove that he knowingly defrauded Star. He
refers us to his letter to the prosecutor describing himself as a victim of a
Craigslist scheme and to his testimony explaining the inconsistencies in his
various versions of events.
[11] The evidence most favorable to the verdict, however, established that Moser
knowingly defrauded Star. For example, there were obvious typos on both
checks including the misspelled “remmitter,” the lack of capitalization of
Moser’s last name, and an extra period in an address line. Ex. 3. Also, when
Moser attempted to cash one of the checks, it was declined, and he was
instructed to take the check to his bank. Instead, he deposited the checks into
an account with a zero balance at an ATM on a Friday afternoon while the
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1505-CR-418 | January 29, 2016 Page 4 of 7 bank was open and then performed several balance inquires, withdrawals, and
purchases, ultimately depleting the funds in two days, before the checks were
processed by Star.
[12] Further, Moser’s statements to Halter and the prosecutor were riddled with
inconsistencies and were inconsistent with his trial testimony. Despite claiming
to have emails and envelopes to support his story of being a victim of a
Craigslist scheme, he never produced the emails and waited until the trial to
present the envelopes that did not positively verify his story. At trial, Moser
claimed that one person purchased the car and parts he had listed for sale on
Craigslist and sent Moser three checks, one from Community Caregivers, one
from South American Climbing, and one from Sears Optical, in advance of
receiving the car and parts. Moser claimed he never cashed the third check and
had the envelope at home. He also testified that the car and parts were picked
up after he became aware the checks were bad, but he did not report the
incident to the police.
[13] Finally, Moser testified that his asking price for the car was $1,500.00, which he
sold for $2,059.00, and that the asking price for the parts was $500.00, which he
sold for $1,400.00. Moser agreed that the purchaser overpaid by roughly
$1,500.00 and claimed that the purchaser instructed him to pay the two people
who picked up the car and parts $500.00 each. This is inconsistent with
Halter’s testimony that, when she spoke with Moser, he claimed there was no
overpayment.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1505-CR-418 | January 29, 2016 Page 5 of 7 [14] From this evidence, the jury could conclude that Moser knowingly defrauded
Star. Moser’s arguments to the contrary are a request to reweigh the evidence,
which we cannot do.
II. Sentence
[15] Moser argues that his eight-year sentence is inappropriate. Indiana Appellate
Rule 7(B) permits us to revise a sentence authorized by statute if, after due
consideration of the trial court’s decision, we find that the sentence is
inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and the character of the
offender. Although Appellate Rule 7(B) does not require us to be “extremely”
deferential to a trial court’s sentencing decision, we still must give due
consideration to that decision. Rutherford v. State, 866 N.E.2d 867, 873 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2007). We also understand and recognize the unique perspective a trial
court brings to its sentencing decisions. Id. “Additionally, a defendant bears
the burden of persuading the appellate court that his or her sentence is
inappropriate.” Id.
[16] The principal role of Appellate Rule 7(B) review “should be to attempt to
leaven the outliers, and identify some guiding principles for trial courts and
those charged with improvement of the sentencing statutes, but not to achieve a
perceived ‘correct’ result in each case.” Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d 1219, 1225
(Ind. 2008). We “should focus on the forest—the aggregate sentence—rather
than the trees—consecutive or concurrent, number of counts, or length of the
sentence on any individual count.” Id. Whether a sentence is inappropriate
ultimately turns on the culpability of the defendant, the severity of the crime, Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1505-CR-418 | January 29, 2016 Page 6 of 7 the damage done to others, and myriad other factors that come to light in a
given case. Id. at 1224. When reviewing the appropriateness of a sentence
under Appellate Rule 7(B), we may consider all aspects of the penal
consequences imposed by the trial court in sentencing the defendant, including
whether a portion of the sentence was suspended. Davidson v. State, 926 N.E.2d
1023, 1025 (Ind. 2010).
[17] Even if the nature of the offense is not particularly egregious, Moser did present
three different versions of the crime, ultimately painting himself as a victim of a
Craigslist scheme. Regarding his character, forty-year-old Moser has seventeen
misdemeanor convictions and eight felony convictions. His felony convictions
include burglary, receiving stolen property, receiving stolen auto parts, theft,
and three counts of fraud. His misdemeanor convictions include multiple
counts of check deception and criminal conversion. As the trial court aptly
observed, Moser “has no respect for other people, or for the rules of society. He
clearly is a thief . . . .” Sentencing Tr. p. 13. Moser has not shown that his
sentence is inappropriate.
Conclusion [18] There is sufficient evidence to support Moser’s conviction and he has not
established that his sentence is inappropriate. We affirm.
[19] Affirmed..
Robb, J., and Altice, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1505-CR-418 | January 29, 2016 Page 7 of 7