Luke v. State

439 So. 2d 804, 1983 Ala. Crim. App. LEXIS 4998
Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama·Decided October 4, 1983·No. 4 Div. 195·Published·Cited by 3 cases

Opinion

TYSON, Judge.

Johnny Luke was indicted for the murder of Edwin L. Meng “by shooting him with a shotgun” in violation of § 13A-6-2, Code of Alabama 1975, as amended.

The appellant withdrew his not guilty plea, pled guilty and the trial court set sentence at 35 years’ imprisonment. From this proceeding, this appeal follows.

I

The issue here presented is first as to the voluntariness of appellant’s plea; and secondly, as to whether or not the guilty plea may be established by the assertions of the prosecuting attorney and on that basis the acceptance of such plea based upon the appellant’s protestations concerning his innocence.

The Supreme Court of the United States in North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25, 91 S.Ct. 160, 27 L.Ed.2d 162 (1970) points out that an accused may plead guilty without admitting the acts or crime or even protesting innocence, if he intelligently and understandingly concludes that his interest so requires, and the record at issue strongly evidences his guilt.

The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in United States v. Dayton, 604 F.2d 931 (1979), in passing upon Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure with reference guilty pleas, set forth the following criteria which are helpful in considering the issue presented by this record:

“(1) That the defendant understands the nature of the charge to which the plea is offered, any mandatory minimum penalty provided by law, and the maximum possible penalty provided by law.
“(2) If the defendant is not represented by an attorney, that he understands he has the right to be represented by an attorney at every stage of the proceedings against him and that, if necessary, one will be appointed to represent him. Though the rule does not require it, we think careful practice will usually add, in appropriate circumstances, that the services of appointed counsel will be furnished without expense to the defendant.
“(3) That he understands he has the right to plead not guilty or to persist in that plea if it has already been made, the right to be tried by a jury, with the right at that trial to have the assistance of counsel, the right to confront and cross-examine witnesses against him, and the right not to be compelled to incriminate himself.
“(4) That if he pleads guilty or nolo con-tendere he understands there will not be a further trial of any kind, so that by pleading guilty or nolo contendere he waives the right to a trial.
“(5) That if he pleads guilty or nolo con-tendere, he understands the court may [806]*806ask him questions about the offense to which he has pleaded, and if he answers these questions under oath, on the record, and in the presence of counsel, his answers may later be used against him in a prosecution for perjury or false statement.
“(6) That the plea is voluntary and not the result of force or threats or of promises apart from a plea agreement, and whether the defendant’s willingness to plead guilty or nolo contendere results from prior discussions between the attorney for the government and the defendant or his attorney.
“(7) That there is a factual basis for the plea.” (Footnote omitted).

In passing upon a very similar issue wherein the appellant maintained he had no criminal intent, the Supreme Court of Alabama, speaking through Mr. Chief Justice Torbert in Yamada v. State, 426 So.2d 906 (Ala.1982), stated:

“... [T]he mere fact that he [defendant] denied any criminal intent is insufficient to override such a guilty plea. We likewise hold that a factual basis for accepting a guilty plea may be established by several sources, including a prosecuting attorney’s assertions of what he expects the evidence to show.”

In the instant case following the establishment of a proper Boykin v. Alabama colloquy, 395 U.S. 238, 89 S.Ct. 1709, 23 L.Ed.2d 274 (1969), the record indicates the following: (R. 5-12)

“THE COURT: Do you understand that your attorneys would represent you throughout the trial?

“THE DEFENDANT: Yes.

“THE COURT: For the record, how old are you?

“THE DEFENDANT: Thirty-seven.

“THE COURT: And how far did you go in school?

“THE DEFENDANT: Ninth grade.

“THE COURT: Do you understand that if you tell me you are guilty and your plea of guilty is accepted, you will be giving up all these rights that I have just asked you about; in other words, that you would be giving up your rights to a jury trial?

“THE COURT: If you say you are guilty there won’t be a trial; do you understand that?

“THE DEFENDANT: Yes, I know.

“THE COURT: I have a document before me that’s called an Ireland Form, that explains the rights that you have as a defendant in this case. Have your attorneys gone over this form with you?

“THE DEFENDANT: Yes, Mr. Phillips did.

“THE COURT: Has he explained it to you?

“THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

“THE COURT: Do you have any questions that you would like to ask me, ask him, or ask Mr. Bernard about what this paper means or about anything else?

“THE DEFENDANT: Well, I signed it for thirty-five years.

“THE COURT: That was the agreed-upon sentence?

“THE COURT: All right. Do you have any questions about what this means here, about what this paper means?

“THE DEFENDANT: I couldn’t get no more time than that, could I?

“THE COURT: In other words, that would be the recommended sentence — but I understand what you’re saying. What I’m asking you is, do you have any questions about what these words right here mean, on this paper, about the rights you would be giving up?

“THE DEFENDANT: No.

“THE COURT: Now, you say there is a recommended sentence of thirty-five years if you enter a plea of guilty?

“THE COURT: Is that the recommendation of the state?

“MR. ESTES: The state so recommends, your Honor.

[807]*807“THE COURT: Has anyone promised you anything or promised you any money or—

“THE DEFENDANT: No, sir.

“THE COURT: —reward or anything or done anything to get you to say you are guilty?

“THE COURT: Has anyone made any kind of threats of force or anything else or done anything to get you to say you are guilty or change your plea?

“THE COURT: Then to this charge of murder as contained in the indictment, charging that you did intentionally cause the death of another person, Edwin L. Meng, by shooting him with a shotgun, in violation of Section 13A-6-2 of the Code of Alabama 1975, as amended, how do you plead; do you plead guilty or not guilty?

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Luke v. State, 439 So. 2d 804, 1983 Ala. Crim. App. LEXIS 4998 (Ala. Ct. App. 1983).

439 So. 2d 804 (Luke v. State) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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