Lozoya-Ruiz v. Garland

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
• Decided: February 22, 2024
• Docket: 22-1129
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FEB 22 2024 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

OSCAR LOZOYA-RUIZ, No. 22-1129 Agency No. Petitioner, A091-884-343 v. MEMORANDUM* MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General,

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted February 16, 2024** Pasadena, California

Before: BOGGS,*** NGUYEN, and LEE, Circuit Judges.

Oscar Lozoya-Ruiz is a 58-year-old native and citizen of Mexico, seeking

adjustment of status. He last entered the United States in Douglas, Arizona, in

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). *** The Honorable Danny J. Boggs, United States Circuit Judge for the Court of Appeals, 6th Circuit, sitting by designation. 1985, 1990, or 1995. While he argued during his hearing before the immigration

judge (“IJ”) that he is present pursuant to a prior admission, during a 2010

encounter with Border Patrol in Safford, Arizona, he stated he had last entered

“illegally.” The IJ found his testimony not credible, and in the alternative, found

that even if he was credible, he did not meet his burden of proving he is present

pursuant to a prior admission. We review factual findings, including credibility

determinations, for substantial evidence. Gonzalez-Rivera v. INS, 22 F.3d 1441,

1444 (9th Cir. 1994); Ai Jun Zhi v. Holder, 751 F.3d 1088, 1091 (9th Cir. 2014).

We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252 and we deny the petition.

1. The agency’s adverse credibility determination is supported by substantial

evidence. The IJ may base credibility determinations on demeanor, inconsistency

between the noncitizen’s oral and written statements, and the internal inconsistency

of statements, among other factors. 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(4)(C). Lozoya-Ruiz

maintained before the IJ that during his last entry into the United States he was

admitted. But in the Form I-213 Record of Deportable/Inadmissible Alien,

prepared after Lozoya-Ruiz’s encounter with Border Patrol in 2010, Lozoya-Ruiz

stated that “he illegally entered the United States without being inspected by an

Immigration Officer at a designated Port of Entry.” Lozoya-Ruiz at first

acknowledged this inconsistency before the IJ, citing his nervousness when

speaking to officials in 2010, but later stated in relation to the 2010 encounter,

2 “[t]hey didn’t ask me nothing . . . he didn’t ask if I had entered illegally or

anything.” He attributed this inconsistency, too, to nervousness. The IJ noted that

Lozoya-Ruiz “did not appear particularly nervous,” and made an adverse

credibility determination, which the Board of Immigration Appeals affirmed.

Given these “specific and cogent reasons,” Lalayan v. Garland, 4 F.4th 822, 836

(9th Cir. 2021), the agency’s credibility determination was “substantially

reasonable.” De Valle v. I.N.S., 901 F.2d 787, 790 (9th Cir. 1990) (quoting Diaz-

Escobar v. I.N.S., 782 F.2d 1488, 1493 (9th Cir. 1986)); see also 8 U.S.C. §

1229a(c)(4)(C).

2. Lozoya-Ruiz explicitly declined to address the IJ’s alternative finding that

he had failed to satisfy his burden of proving he is in the United States pursuant to

a prior admission. See 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(2); 8 C.F.R. § 1240.8(c). Lozoya-Ruiz

declined to address this finding, asserting that the BIA decision did not discuss it

and thus it is not subject to review here.

But when the BIA cites Burbano, as it did here, and “does not express any

disagreement with the IJ’s decision, we review the IJ’s decision as if it were the

BIA’s.” Cinapian v. Holder, 567 F.3d 1067, 1073 (9th Cir. 2009); see also Abebe

v. Gonzales, 432 F.3d 1037, 1040 (9th Cir. 2005) (“If the BIA intends to constrict

the scope of its opinion to apply to only one ground upon which the IJ’s decision

rested, the BIA can and should specifically state that it is so limiting its opinion.”).

3 Because Lozoya-Ruiz did not “specifically and distinctly” challenge the alternative

finding in his opening brief—and indeed specifically declined to raise the

challenge—he has forfeited the argument and the panel declines to consider it.

United States v. Ullah, 976 F.2d 509, 514 (9th Cir. 1992).

PETITION DENIED.1

1 Lozoya-Ruiz’s request for a stay of removal (Dkt. No. 4) is denied.