Lowe v. Tarble

323 S.E.2d 19, 312 N.C. 467, 1984 N.C. LEXIS 1815
CourtSupreme Court of North Carolina
DecidedDecember 4, 1984
Docket28PA84
StatusPublished
Cited by20 cases

This text of 323 S.E.2d 19 (Lowe v. Tarble) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of North Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Lowe v. Tarble, 323 S.E.2d 19, 312 N.C. 467, 1984 N.C. LEXIS 1815 (N.C. 1984).

Opinions

[468]*468EXUM, Justice.

The question presented by this appeal is whether our prejudgment interest statute, N.C. Gen. Stat. § 24-5, violates Article I, section 19 of the North Carolina Constitution, the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, and the exclusive emoluments clause contained in Article I, section 32 of the North Carolina Constitution. We conclude the statute does not violate these constitutional provisions.

I.

The plaintiff, Bobby Vestal Lowe, was injured in an automobile accident on 4 May 1981 involving the defendant, Samuel Ingham Tarble. On 20 August 1982 plaintiff filed suit against Tarble. Plaintiff later amended his complaint to include an additional plaintiff, his wife, her claim for loss of consortium, and an additional defendant, ARA Services, Inc. On 2 September 1983, a jury returned a verdict awarding Bobby Vestal Lowe $85,500.00 for personal injuries and his wife Betty Lowe $1,000.00 for loss of consortium. Plaintiffs moved for prejudgment interest from the date of the filing of the complaint in accord with N.C. Gen. Stat. § 24-5. Defendants objected on the ground that the statute was unconstitutional and requested a hearing. Following a hearing on 19 September 1983 the court allowed plaintiffs’ motion for prejudgment interest and entered judgment accordingly the following day.

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 24-5 provides in pertinent part as follows:

The portion of all money judgments designated by the fact-finder as compensatory damages in actions other than contract shall bear interest from the time the action is instituted until the judgment is paid and satisfied, and the judgment and decree of the court shall be rendered accordingly. The preceding sentence shall apply only to claims covered by liability insurance. The portion of all money judgments designated by the fact-finder as compensatory damages in actions other than contract which are not covered by liability insurance shall bear interest from the time of the verdict until the judgment is paid and satisfied, and the judgment and decree of the court shall be rendered accordingly.

[469]*469II.

Defendants first contend the statute violates the Law of the Land and Equal Protection Clauses of Article I, section 19 of the North Carolina Constitution and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Defendants’ contentions regarding these federal and state constitutional provisions are answered by our decision in Powe v. Odell, 312 N.C. 410, 322 S.E. 2d 762 (1984), in which we hold that section 24-5 offends neither the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution nor Article I, section 19 of the North Carolina Constitution.

III.

Defendants next argue that section 24-5 is unconstitutionally vague, uncertain and indefinite. Legislation must be definite and explicit enough reasonably to inform those who are the subject of the legislation what conduct on their part will render them liable under the statute. Surplus Store, Inc. v. Hunter, 257 N.C. 206, 125 S.E. 2d 764 (1962). Defendants contend that section 24-5 fails to meet that standard because it is not clear whether the phrase “claims covered by liability insurance” in the statute includes claims under uninsured motorist coverage, claims for which, despite policy violations by insureds, the insurance company must pay pursuant to the Financial Responsibility Act, N.C. Gen. Stat. § 20-309, et seq., and claims which an insurance company defends under a reservation of rights. A statute, however, is not constitutionally suspect merely because it must be interpreted and applied in light of particular facts in a given case.

[impossible standards of statutory clarity are not required by the constitution. When the language of a statute . . . prescribes boundaries sufficiently distinct for judges and juries to interpret and administer it uniformly, constitutional requirements are fully met. United States v. Petrillo, 332 U.S. 1 [1947].

In re Burrus, 275 N.C. 517, 531, 169 S.E. 2d 879, 888 (1969).

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 24-5 clearly states that where a claim “in actions other than contract” is covered by liability insurance, the portion of any money judgment designated as compensatory [470]*470damages shall bear interest from the time the action is instituted until the judgment is paid and satisfied. We see nothing in this language which would preclude courts from interpreting and administering this statute uniformly. We therefore find no merit in defendants’ claim that section 24-5 is unconstitutionally vague or indefinite.

IV.

Finally, defendants object that section 24-5 grants “exclusive or separate emoluments or privileges” in violation of Article I, section 32 of the North Carolina Constitution which provides:

Exclusive Emoluments. No person or set of persons is entitled to exclusive or separate emoluments or privileges from the community but in consideration of public services.

Defendants argue, in essence, that by assessing prejudgment interest only against those defendants covered by liability insurance, section 24-5 creates a special privilege or right in favor of plaintiffs who sue defendants covered by such insurance, and in favor of defendants who are not covered by liability insurance.

By distinguishing between defendants who carry liability insurance and those who do not, and assessing prejudgment interest only against the former, section 24-5 does favor certain classes of litigants.

Our case law, however, teaches that not every classification which favors a particular group of persons is an “exclusive or separate emolument or privilege” within the meaning of the constitutional prohibition. In State v. Knight, 269 N.C. 100, 152 S.E. 2d 179 (1967), this Court held that a statute exempting certain individuals from jury duty did not violate the constitutional prohibition against separate emoluments or privileges. There the Court said, id. at 107-08, 152 S.E. 2d at 183-84:

Obviously, this provision does not forbid all classifications of persons with reference to the imposition of legal duties and obligations.
Therefore, the limitation . . . does not apply to an exemption from a duty imposed upon citizens generally if the [471]*471purpose of the exemption is the promotion of the general welfare, as distinguished from the benefit of the individual, and if there is a reasonable basis for the Legislature to conclude that the granting of the exemption would be in the public interest. Here, as in questions arising under the exercise of the police power pursuant to the requirement of due process of law, the principle to be applied is that declared by Moore, J., for the Court, in State v. Warren, 252 N.C. 690, 114 S.E. 2d 660 [1960], where it is said:
‘The presumption is that an act passed by the Legislature is constitutional, and it must be so held by the courts unless it appears to be in conflict with some constitutional provision.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

City of Asheville v. State
665 S.E.2d 103 (Court of Appeals of North Carolina, 2008)
Rhyne v. K-Mart Corp.
594 S.E.2d 1 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 2004)
Rhyne v. K-Mart Corp.
562 S.E.2d 82 (Court of Appeals of North Carolina, 2002)
Custom Molders, Inc. v. American Yard Products, Inc.
463 S.E.2d 199 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1995)
State Ex Rel. Utilities Commission v. Carolina Utility Customers Ass'n, Inc.
446 S.E.2d 332 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1994)
Baxley v. Nationwide Mutual Insurance
538 PA 91 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1993)
State Ex Rel. Martin v. Preston
385 S.E.2d 473 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1989)
Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co. v. U.S. Fire Insurance
710 F. Supp. 164 (E.D. North Carolina, 1989)
Town of Emerald Isle Ex Rel. Smith v. State
360 S.E.2d 756 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1987)
Britt v. North Carolina State Board of Education
357 S.E.2d 432 (Court of Appeals of North Carolina, 1987)
State v. Stanley
339 S.E.2d 668 (Court of Appeals of North Carolina, 1986)
Leary v. Nantahala Power and Light Co.
332 S.E.2d 703 (Court of Appeals of North Carolina, 1985)
Harris v. Scotland Neck Rescue Squad, Inc.
331 S.E.2d 695 (Court of Appeals of North Carolina, 1985)
Lowe v. Tarble
326 S.E.2d 32 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1985)
Ervin v. Speece
324 S.E.2d 299 (Court of Appeals of North Carolina, 1985)
Powe v. Odell
322 S.E.2d 762 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1984)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
323 S.E.2d 19, 312 N.C. 467, 1984 N.C. LEXIS 1815, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/lowe-v-tarble-nc-1984.