Long v. Martha's Vineyard Land Bank Commission

35 Mass. App. Ct. 546

Opinions

Fine, J.

The Martha’s Vineyard Land Bank Commission (Land Bank) may exact a fee in the amount of two percent of the purchase price whenever a “real property interest” in Duke’s County is transferred. St. 1987, c. 673, amending St. 1985, c. 736. “Real property interest” is defined in § 1 of the Act broadly, but there are a number of exemptions. One of the exemptions is “the interest of a stockholder in a corporation, or a partner in a partnership unless any real property interest has been transferred to such corporation or partnership for the purpose of evading the fee imposed by [the statute] .”² The case before us involves a change in ownership of real property accomplished by use of a corporation whose sole asset during its entire existence was a piece of Dukes County real estate. In a dispute between the Land Bank, and Michael T. and Ann M. Long, who, as a result of a series of transactions involving the corporation, acquired ownership of the property, a Superior Court judge ruled in favor of the Land Bank, and we affirm.

We summarize the agreed facts. The Brydens (Peter D. and Christine M.) owned a fifty percent interest in real estate in Edgartown, and T.J. Donahue owned the other fifty percent interest. The property was encumbered by two mortgages. In January of 1990, they formed a corporation (of which the Brydens, on the one hand, and Donahue, on the other, each owned fifty percent of the stock) to which they conveyed the real estate. The corporation had no other assets, and the Brydens and Donahue continued personally to make payments on the mortgages. On February 26, 1990, the Longs purchased the Brydens’ fifty percent interest in the corporation. The Longs paid the Brydens $20,000 and assumed the Brydens’ portion of the mortgages. The amount due on the mortgages was $170,000. On December 26, 1990, the corporation conveyed a one-half interest in the property to the Longs and the other half interest to Donahue. The corporation then went out of existence.³ The Land Bank notified the Longs that a fee was due from them in connection with the February 26, 1990, transfer of stock. The Longs responded that they were entitled to the benefit of the exemption because the corporation was formed and the property conveyed to it not to evade the fee but for purposes unrelated to the fee. They stated that the corporate form was used to avoid the Brydens’ creditors, for Federal income tax purposes, and to afford restructuring of Peter Bryden’s holdings to avoid loss or sale due to adverse consequences of his business dealings.⁴ After a public hearing, the Land Bank determined that the statutory fee, along with interest and penalties, was due. The Longs paid $2,908.45, the return of which they seek in this action.

The judge considered the facts in light of the language of the statute⁵ and the legislative purpose and scheme and ruled that the transaction in issue was not within the exemption. He stated:

“If the Longs’ interpretation of the Act is valid there exists a significant loophole in the Land Bank Act almost certainly unintended by the Legislature. Specifically, the imposition of a Land Bank fee could be avoided in every transaction by (1) creating a shell corporation; (2) transferring real estate into that corporation; (3) selling the stock of that corporation; and then (4) dissolving the corporation, thereby placing the real estate in the name of the ultimate purchaser.

“It is clear that the statutory exclusion of stock transfers from the definition of ‘real property interest’ is meant to exclude only transfers of stock in corporations which transacted business in the ordinary sense and not where a shell corporation functions solely as a nominee. Were that not the legislative intent, the statutory objective could be frustrated simply by the creation of legal fictions.”

We assume, as the Longs contend on appeal, that the original purpose of the creation of the corporation and the transfer of the property to it were not for the purpose of avoiding the Land Bank fee. We might even assume, without deciding, that the required payment is not a “fee,” as it is referred to in the statute, but a tax. Tax statutes are generally strictly construed. See McCarthy v. Commissioner of Rev., 391 Mass. 630, 633 (1984). Section 14A of the Act, however, expressly provides that it “shall be liberally construed to effect [its] purposes.”

We agree with the trial judge that, under any reasonable and common sense construction of the statute, the exemption was inapplicable. On the instant facts, the use of the corporate form was an empty formality and, for purposes of the fee requirement, should be disregarded. Compare Koch v. Commissioner of Rev., 33 Mass. App. Ct. 707, 715 (1992), further appellate review granted, 414 Mass. 1103 (1993). The corporation had no assets other than the real estate; it existed only to hold title to the real estate; it had no existence at any point in time significantly before or after the transfers; and, as a result of the series of transfers in which the Longs engaged, within a relatively brief period of time the ownership of real estate passed from the Brydens to them in exchange for valuable consideration. We consider the “substantial nature of the transaction,” see Commissioner of Corps. & Taxn. v. Dalton, 304 Mass. 147, 150 (1939), and conclude that it constituted a routine sale of real estate of the kind the statute was intended to reach.

Judgment affirmed.

2 The remaining exemptions referred to in § 1 include:

“[T]he dominant estate in any easement or right of way; the right to enforce any restriction; any estate at will or at sufferance, and any estate for years having a term of less than thirty years; the rever-sionary right, condition, or right of entry for condition broken; [and] the interest of a mortgagee or other secured party in any mortgage or security agreement.”

There are additional exemptions in § 12 of the Act. Section 120") exempts “transfers made to a stockholder of a corporation in liquidation of the corporation, and transfers made to a partner of a partnership in dissolution of the partnership.” For the reasons stated in this opinion, the plaintiffs are not entitled to the benefit of that exemption.

3 Donahue subsequently conveyed his fifty percent interest in the land to the Longs for $100,000. The amount of the fee ordered by the Land Bank with respect to that transfer, $2,000, was paid by the Longs, and the matter is not in issue.

4 On August 2, 1991, a creditor alleging that the transfer of property by Peter D. Bryden to the corporation was a fraudulent conveyance obtained a judgment under G. L. c. 109A.

5 The Land Bank has promulgated regulations covering issues similar to those raised in this case. However, they took effect after the Longs’ purchase of stock in the corporation, the transaction on which the Land Bank based its notice to the Longs that a fee was due. We decide the case, therefore, without relying on the regulations which would have added support to the Land Bank’s position.