Lockhart v. United States

Eighth Circuit

Lockhart v. United States

250 F. 610, 162 C.C.A. 626, 1918 U.S. App. LEXIS 1940

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit

DecidedMarch 29, 1918

DocketNo. 5004

StatusPublished

Cited by1 cases

This text of 250 F. 610 (Lockhart v. United States) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook

Lockhart v. United States, 250 F. 610, 162 C.C.A. 626, 1918 U.S. App. LEXIS 1940 (8th Cir. 1918).

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Opinion

STONE, Circuit Judge.

Writ of error from conviction for mailing a paper-backed book or pamphlet containing two obscene articles set forth fully in the indictment.

The matters of which defendant complains are two: Failure to sustain motion to prevent participation in the case of the district attorney, and insufficiency of the indictment. The first matter cannot be considered, as the total absence of any bill of exceptions leaves this court without proper, information as to what transpired in the trial court in this respect.

Also a bill of particulars aimed at the indictment, with an alleged reply thereto by the government, do not appear at all in the record, and therefore cannot be considered.

[1] The sufficiency of the indictment is assailed through demurrer and motion in arrest of judgment upon several grounds. It is claimed that the government improperly broadened the scope and definition of the crime by the inclusion 'of the word “indecent,” as descriptive of the character of matter proscribed by the law. The objectionable matter consisted of two articles in a monthly magazine. The indictment characterized such as “obscene, lewd, indecent, lascivious and filthy,” and as “indecent, obscene, lewd, lascivious and filthy.” We cannot agree that the inclusion, as above, of the word “indecent,” has in the slight[611]*611est changed or departed from the thought held in the wording of the statute, which is:

“Every obscene, lewd, or lascivious, and every filthy, book, pamphlet, picture, paper, letter, writing, print, or other publication of an indecent character.” Grim. Code, § 211; Compiled Stat. 1916, § 10381.

See Rinker v. U. S., 151 Fed. 755, 81 C. C. A. 379; Timmons v. U. S . 85 Fed. 204, 30 C. C. A. 74; U. S. v. O’Donnell (C. C.) 165 Fed. 218.

[2] It is also claimed that the objectionable words in the two articles are not indicated with particularity and their harmful meaning defined. This was unnecessary. The articles complained of were set out verbatim in the indictment. So far as the record informs us, the government claimed no hidden meaning nor innuendo making expressions, innocent upon their face, vile when understood in the setting surrounding their use. Such concealed significance necessarily arises from circumstances outside of the writing or publication, and, if the government intends to show such significance through evidence of such circumstances, it must apprise the accused so that he may be informed and given an opportunity to combat such proof. Clearly no such necessity exists where the accusation, as here, is based upon only such meaning and inferences as the writing or publication would itself carry to any one reading it.

Another objection to the indictment is that it does not make clear whether the charge is for mailing a single book (one of a package containing 100) or for mailing a package of 100 such books. The description in the indictment is:

“A certain * * * paper-covered book, being a book or pamphlet commonly known as ‘Chain Lightning,’ * * * and which said book was then and there contained in a package of about one hundred similar and identical paper-covered books packed in a package, and entered under tile laws of the United States at the United States post office at-said llilbank, as second-class mail matter, so as to entitle the said books including the said book so deposited and caused to be deposited as aforesaid, * * * then and there well knowing the said pamphlet and book to be obscene. * 4 * ”

This is a clear, unmistakable charge for mailing a single book which was included in a shipment of about one hundred such. If the book was vicious within the meaning of the statute, it was a violation of the law to send it through the mail, either alone or with others of its sort. The charge was well laid and was definite. If subsequent prosecutions should be attempted upon other books contained in this same package, the accused will have no trouble in showing that he has already been eonvicled for transmitting one of such books. Then the question may be presented of whether or not'such conviction bars further prosecution upon such shipment. Here we decide that there may be a prosecution for mailing one of a package of identical obscene books, and that this indictment was dear in its charge in that respect.

The judgment is affirmed.

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STONE, Circuit Judge.

Writ of error from conviction for mailing a paper-backed book or pamphlet containing two obscene articles set forth fully in the indictment.

The matters of which defendant complains are two: Failure to sustain motion to prevent participation in the case of the district attorney, and insufficiency of the indictment. The first matter cannot be considered, as the total absence of any bill of exceptions leaves this court without proper, information as to what transpired in the trial court in this respect.

Also a bill of particulars aimed at the indictment, with an alleged reply thereto by the government, do not appear at all in the record, and therefore cannot be considered.

[1] The sufficiency of the indictment is assailed through demurrer and motion in arrest of judgment upon several grounds. It is claimed that the government improperly broadened the scope and definition of the crime by the inclusion 'of the word “indecent,” as descriptive of the character of matter proscribed by the law. The objectionable matter consisted of two articles in a monthly magazine. The indictment characterized such as “obscene, lewd, indecent, lascivious and filthy,” and as “indecent, obscene, lewd, lascivious and filthy.” We cannot agree that the inclusion, as above, of the word “indecent,” has in the slight[611]*611est changed or departed from the thought held in the wording of the statute, which is:

“Every obscene, lewd, or lascivious, and every filthy, book, pamphlet, picture, paper, letter, writing, print, or other publication of an indecent character.” Grim. Code, § 211; Compiled Stat. 1916, § 10381.

See Rinker v. U. S., 151 Fed. 755, 81 C. C. A. 379; Timmons v. U. S . 85 Fed. 204, 30 C. C. A. 74; U. S. v. O’Donnell (C. C.) 165 Fed. 218.

[2] It is also claimed that the objectionable words in the two articles are not indicated with particularity and their harmful meaning defined. This was unnecessary. The articles complained of were set out verbatim in the indictment. So far as the record informs us, the government claimed no hidden meaning nor innuendo making expressions, innocent upon their face, vile when understood in the setting surrounding their use. Such concealed significance necessarily arises from circumstances outside of the writing or publication, and, if the government intends to show such significance through evidence of such circumstances, it must apprise the accused so that he may be informed and given an opportunity to combat such proof. Clearly no such necessity exists where the accusation, as here, is based upon only such meaning and inferences as the writing or publication would itself carry to any one reading it.

Another objection to the indictment is that it does not make clear whether the charge is for mailing a single book (one of a package containing 100) or for mailing a package of 100 such books. The description in the indictment is:

“A certain * * * paper-covered book, being a book or pamphlet commonly known as ‘Chain Lightning,’ * * * and which said book was then and there contained in a package of about one hundred similar and identical paper-covered books packed in a package, and entered under tile laws of the United States at the United States post office at-said llilbank, as second-class mail matter, so as to entitle the said books including the said book so deposited and caused to be deposited as aforesaid, * * * then and there well knowing the said pamphlet and book to be obscene. * 4 * ”

This is a clear, unmistakable charge for mailing a single book which was included in a shipment of about one hundred such. If the book was vicious within the meaning of the statute, it was a violation of the law to send it through the mail, either alone or with others of its sort. The charge was well laid and was definite. If subsequent prosecutions should be attempted upon other books contained in this same package, the accused will have no trouble in showing that he has already been eonvicled for transmitting one of such books. Then the question may be presented of whether or not'such conviction bars further prosecution upon such shipment. Here we decide that there may be a prosecution for mailing one of a package of identical obscene books, and that this indictment was dear in its charge in that respect.

The judgment is affirmed.

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250 F. 610, 162 C.C.A. 626, 1918 U.S. App. LEXIS 1940, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/lockhart-v-united-states-ca8-1918.

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