Lloyd N Jelks v. State of Indiana

• Court: Indiana Court of Appeals
• Decided: January 30, 2026
• Docket: 25A-CR-01971
• Status: Published
• Author: Judge Altice

Opinion

IN THE

Court of Appeals of Indiana FILED Lloyd N. Jelks, Jan 30 2026, 10:07 am Appellant-Defendant CLERK Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals and Tax Court v.

State of Indiana, Appellee-Plaintiff

January 30, 2026 Court of Appeals Case No. 25A-CR-1971 Appeal from the Marion Superior Court The Honorable Amy M. Jones, Judge Trial Court Cause No. 49D34-2503-CM-7929

Opinion by Judge Altice Judges May and Foley concur.

Altice, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 25A-CR-1971 | January 30, 2026 Page 1 of 6 Case Summary [1] Lloyd N. Jelks appeals his conviction for refusal to provide identification

information, a Class C misdemeanor, challenging the sufficiency of the

evidence. Specifically, Jelks contends that there was no evidence that he

“knowingly or intentionally” refused to identify himself to a police officer.

Appellant’s Brief at 9.

[2] We affirm.

Facts and Procedural History [3] On March 7, 2025, Officer Cullain Reneski of the Indianapolis Metropolitan

Police Department (IMPD) was on patrol near 38th Street and Keystone

Avenue in Indianapolis when he observed an individual, later identified as

Jelks, driving a vehicle with a fictitious license plate that read, “PRIVATE.”

Transcript Vol. II at 13. The top of the plate stated, “No driver’s license or

insurance required,” and the bottom read, “Not for hire for commerce [sic]

use.” Id.

[4] Officer Reneski stopped the vehicle, identified himself, and informed Jelks that

he stopped him for an infraction. 1 Officer Reneski asked for Jelks’s

1 Officer Reneski acknowledged at trial that based on his training and experience, the plate on the vehicle was not one that was issued by the Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles (BMV). Ind. Code § 9-18.1-2- 3(2) states that a vehicle may not be operated on the highway unless it “displays proof of registration in accordance with this article.” Proof of registration includes a license plate, a registration decal or sticker issued by the BMV, a certificate of registration, or other indication of registration issued by the BMV. I.C. § 9-18.1-1-5. It is a Class C infraction to use or operate a vehicle on a highway if it displays “a license plate belonging to any other vehicle” or a “fictitious registration number.” I.C. § 9-18.1-4.-5.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 25A-CR-1971 | January 30, 2026 Page 2 of 6 identification and registration, whereupon Jelks handed Officer Reneski an

“exercise your rights” form that included an assertion concerning “Freedom

from Government.” Id. at 13, 15.

[5] Officer Reneski again told Jelks why he stopped him and requested that Jelks

identify himself. After Jelks refused to do so, Officer Reneski told Jelks that if

he identified himself, he would only receive a citation, and the vehicle would be

towed. 2 Officer Reneski then told Jelks that if he did not identify himself, he

would be arrested. When Jelks again refused, Officer Reneski arrested him. A

search incident to arrest revealed that Jelks had a valid State of Indiana

identification card (State Id) in his wallet that he did not provide to Officer

Reneski.

[6] On March 8, 2025, the State charged Jelks with refusal to provide his

identification information, a Class C misdemeanor, and operating a motor

vehicle with a fictitious plate, a Class C infraction. At a bench trial that

commenced on July 15, 2025, Jelks admitted that he had a State Id in his wallet

and that he did not produce it to Officer Reneski. Jelks claimed that he “was

observing [his] rights, and [he]did not have to identify [himself].” Id. at 20.

2 A law enforcement officer who “discovers a vehicle operated in violation of” registration requirements is authorized to “take the vehicle into the officer’s custody” and/or “cause the vehicle to be taken to and stored in a suitable place” until a proper registration and license plate for the vehicle are procured. See I.C. § 9-18.1- 2-10.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 25A-CR-1971 | January 30, 2026 Page 3 of 6 Jelks further testified that he was “not committing a crime” and that he was not

required to identify himself “[a]ccording to [his] constitutional rights.” Id.

[7] The trial court found Jelks guilty as charged and sentenced Jelks to sixty days in

jail, all suspended. Judgment was also entered against Jelks on the infraction,

whereupon the trial court ordered him to provide proof of insurance and to

obtain a driver’s license within forty-five days.

[8] Jelks now appeals. 3

Discussion and Decision [9] Our standard of review regarding sufficiency of the evidence claims is well-

settled:

Sufficiency-of-the-evidence claims . . . warrant a deferential standard, in which we neither reweigh the evidence nor judge witness credibility. Rather, we consider only the evidence supporting the judgment and any reasonable inferences drawn from that evidence. We will affirm a conviction if there is substantial evidence of probative value that would lead a reasonable trier of fact to conclude that the defendant was guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

Powell v. State, 151 N.E.3d 256, 262-63 (Ind. 2020) (internal citations omitted).

[10] In this case, the State was required to prove that Jelks “knowingly or

intentionally refuse[d] to provide either [his] name, address, and date of birth;

3 Jelks does not challenge the entry of judgment on the infraction.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 25A-CR-1971 | January 30, 2026 Page 4 of 6 or [his] driver’s license . . . to [Officer Reneski] who . . . stopped [Jelks] for an

infraction or ordinance violation.” Ind. Code § 34-28-5-3.5. The evidence at

trial established that Officer Reneski explained to Jelks that he stopped him for

committing an infraction and asked Jelks to identify himself. Jelks refused to

comply and instead handed Officer Reneski an “exercise your rights” card that

included an assertion about “Freedom from Government.” Transcript Vol. II at

13, 15. Jelks continued to refuse to identify himself after Officer Reneski asked

him to do so several more times. Jelks was then arrested for failing to identify

himself even though he had a valid State Id in his wallet and could have easily

produced it for Officer Reneski.

[11] Jelks contends that he would have provided his identification eventually “after

he had a conversation [with Officer Reneski] about what he believed were his

rights.” Appellant’s Brief at 9. The record, however, demonstrates that there was

nothing but for Jelks’s own persistent behavior that prohibited him from

handing Officer Reneski his identification or from stating his “name, address,

and date of birth,” which is what the statute minimally requires. See I.C. § 34-

28-5-3.5(1). Moreover, Jelks’s motive for refusing to give identifying

information is irrelevant, in that the statute merely requires evidence that a

driver knowingly or intentionally failed to identify himself to a law enforcement

officer. Id. The State presented sufficient evidence to support Jelks’s

conviction.

[12] Judgment affirmed.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 25A-CR-1971 | January 30, 2026 Page 5 of 6 May, J. and Foley, J., concur.

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT Talisha R. Griffin Indianapolis, Indiana

Timothy J. Burns Indianapolis, Indiana

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Theodore E. Rokita Indiana Attorney General

Michelle Hawk Kazmierczak Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 25A-CR-1971 | January 30, 2026 Page 6 of 6