The opinion of the court was delivered by
Porter, J.:
On December 20, 1905, the Olathe Milling and Elevator Company, a corporation, by its manager, D. Hoch, executed and delivered to the Patrons Cooperative Bank, of Olathe, its promissory note for the sum of $11,000, payable sixty days after date, with interést at the rate of six per cent per annum. The note was signed by D. Hoch, Oscar O. Ayres, H. C.. Livermore and M. G. Miller as sureties. This is an. action by H. C. Livermore and J. C. Nichols, as administrator of the estate of M. G. Miller, deceased* against Oscar O. Ayres, as cosurety, for contribution.. The plaintiffs recovered judgment and the defendant, appeals.
The petition alleged the death of M. G. Miller and the: appointment by the probate court of Johnson county,. Kansas, of J. C. Nichols as administrator of the estate;: that the milling company was accustomed to borrow money for the purpose of paying its debts; that Hoch had authority to execute the notes of the company therefor; that D. Hoch, one of the cosureties, was insolvent and not within the jurisdiction of the court; and that on November 15, 1909, the plaintiffs were [52]*52compelled to and did pay to the bank the balance due upon the note. The defendant filed a verified answer, alleging that the note had been extended a number of times without his knowledge or consent, denied the appointment and authority of J. C. Nichols as administrator, and set up a number of other defenses.
On the trial the defendant objected to the prosecution of the action by J. C. Nichols as administrator on the ground that at the time of his appointment he was and ever since has been a resident of the state of Missouri and a nonresident of Kansas, and therefore ineligible to serve as administrator of an estate in Kansas. It is contended that it was error to refuse to permit the defendant to attack the validity of Nichols’ appointment as administrator by proof of his residence, and that the court abused its discretion in refusing to adjourn the trial to permit defendant to procure an order of the probate court revoking the letters of administration. The court rightly held the attack to be collateral and sustained an objection to the evidence. At the time of his death Miller was a resident of Johnson county. This fact and his intestacy are conceded, and the probate court had jurisdiction to appoint some person administrator. It is true, the statute declares that no person who is a nonresident shall be appointed administrator of an estate (Gen. Stat. 1868, ch. 37, §28, Gen. Stat. 1909, §3463), but one of the facts which the probate court had to determine was the residence of the person appointed. The court had jurisdiction to decide that question and did not lose jurisdiction by deciding it erroneously. When a court has jurisdiction of the subject matter and the parties, it has jurisdiction to proceed and to determine the matter involved, and necessarily has jurisdiction to decide a question of fact or of law erroneously, as fully as to decide it rightfully. If error is committed the remedy is by appeal. The diiference between the present case and that of Ewing v. Mallison, 65 Kan. 484, 70 Pac. [53]*53369, is that there the court was wholly without jurisdiction to appoint an administrator because the deceased was not at the time of his death a resident of the county. The death of a person with an estate to be administered and the place of residence are necessary to give the court jurisdiction to act at all; and neither the question of the death or the place of residence are concluded by the decision of the court. If it should afterward appear, as it sometimes does, that the person is not dead, or that his residence at the time of his. death was in another county or state, the validity of the order appointing the administrator is subject to collateral attack as all judgments are which are wholly, or as the phrase is, “absolutely void.” Where the court is without jurisdiction, any judgment rendered is void,, and may be attacked collaterally; and so it was held in the Mallison case, supra, that it was error for the district. court to refuse “to permit an inquiry into the' actual residence of the deceased at the time of his death, and in holding the proceedings had in the probate court” (p. 495) were res judicata. The defendant’s argument is that there is no law conferring jurisdiction on a probate court to appoint a resident of Missouri -administrator of an estate in Kansas; that on the contrary there is a statute which in express terms prohibits such appointment. But the appointment of a. particular person may be erroneous without being void.. Where the court has jurisdiction to appoint some person administrator it must determine the competency of the person appointed, and this involves a question of fact which the probate court alone must primarily solve.
The same principle was involved in Taylor v. Hosick, Adm’r, &c., 13 Kan. 518, where it was said in the opinion:
“Letters of administration can be attacked collaterally only when the probate court for some reason has no jurisdiction to make the appointment, and never when the court has merely committed an error by ap[54]*54pointing one person (who is eligible) when the court should have appointed some other person.” (p. 527.)
To the same effect are Brubaker v. Jones, 23 Kan. 411, Anderson v. Walter, 78 Kan. 781, 783, 99 Pac. 270, Parnell v. Thompson, 81 Kan. 119, 136, 105 Pac. 502, and the recent case of Ekblad, Adm’r, v. Hanson, 85 Kan. 541, 117 Pac. 1028.
And this is the universal rule. (Simmons v. Saul, 138 U. S. 439, 34 L. Ed. 1054; Pick v. Strong, 26 Minn. 303, 3 N. W. 697.)
There was no abuse of discretion in refusing a postponement of the trial in order that defendant might have a hearing upon his application to revoke the letter of administration. The application was not filed in the probate court until the day of the trial, although the suit had been pending for nearly six months.
It was proper to admit evidence of the custom of the milling company to execute promissory notes by its general manager, and to show that on other occasions before and after the execution of the note in question the same officer had executed similar papers in the name of and in behalf of the company. Where the corporation has held the agent out to the public as having such authority it is liable for his acts in the general course of its business, and proof of acquiescence by the company in similar acts is competent. (Thomp. Corp., 1st ed., §4881, 2d ed., § 1608, and cases cited; Fifth Ward Savings Bank v. First Natl. Bank, 48 N. J. Law, 513, 7 Atl. 318; The Evansville Public Hall Company v. The Bank of Commerce, 144 Ind. 34, 42 N. E. 1097.)
Judicial notice, it is true, dispenses with proof; but the court declines to take judicial notice of the alleged custom of banks to require prompt payment of notes at maturity or else to have them extended; and, from such notice, together with the fact that the bank brought no suit upon the note and that it matured four years prior to the institution of this action, to presume, in the absence of any proof, that the time of payment of the note [55]*55in question was extended.
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The opinion of the court was delivered by
Porter, J.:
On December 20, 1905, the Olathe Milling and Elevator Company, a corporation, by its manager, D. Hoch, executed and delivered to the Patrons Cooperative Bank, of Olathe, its promissory note for the sum of $11,000, payable sixty days after date, with interést at the rate of six per cent per annum. The note was signed by D. Hoch, Oscar O. Ayres, H. C.. Livermore and M. G. Miller as sureties. This is an. action by H. C. Livermore and J. C. Nichols, as administrator of the estate of M. G. Miller, deceased* against Oscar O. Ayres, as cosurety, for contribution.. The plaintiffs recovered judgment and the defendant, appeals.
The petition alleged the death of M. G. Miller and the: appointment by the probate court of Johnson county,. Kansas, of J. C. Nichols as administrator of the estate;: that the milling company was accustomed to borrow money for the purpose of paying its debts; that Hoch had authority to execute the notes of the company therefor; that D. Hoch, one of the cosureties, was insolvent and not within the jurisdiction of the court; and that on November 15, 1909, the plaintiffs were [52]*52compelled to and did pay to the bank the balance due upon the note. The defendant filed a verified answer, alleging that the note had been extended a number of times without his knowledge or consent, denied the appointment and authority of J. C. Nichols as administrator, and set up a number of other defenses.
On the trial the defendant objected to the prosecution of the action by J. C. Nichols as administrator on the ground that at the time of his appointment he was and ever since has been a resident of the state of Missouri and a nonresident of Kansas, and therefore ineligible to serve as administrator of an estate in Kansas. It is contended that it was error to refuse to permit the defendant to attack the validity of Nichols’ appointment as administrator by proof of his residence, and that the court abused its discretion in refusing to adjourn the trial to permit defendant to procure an order of the probate court revoking the letters of administration. The court rightly held the attack to be collateral and sustained an objection to the evidence. At the time of his death Miller was a resident of Johnson county. This fact and his intestacy are conceded, and the probate court had jurisdiction to appoint some person administrator. It is true, the statute declares that no person who is a nonresident shall be appointed administrator of an estate (Gen. Stat. 1868, ch. 37, §28, Gen. Stat. 1909, §3463), but one of the facts which the probate court had to determine was the residence of the person appointed. The court had jurisdiction to decide that question and did not lose jurisdiction by deciding it erroneously. When a court has jurisdiction of the subject matter and the parties, it has jurisdiction to proceed and to determine the matter involved, and necessarily has jurisdiction to decide a question of fact or of law erroneously, as fully as to decide it rightfully. If error is committed the remedy is by appeal. The diiference between the present case and that of Ewing v. Mallison, 65 Kan. 484, 70 Pac. [53]*53369, is that there the court was wholly without jurisdiction to appoint an administrator because the deceased was not at the time of his death a resident of the county. The death of a person with an estate to be administered and the place of residence are necessary to give the court jurisdiction to act at all; and neither the question of the death or the place of residence are concluded by the decision of the court. If it should afterward appear, as it sometimes does, that the person is not dead, or that his residence at the time of his. death was in another county or state, the validity of the order appointing the administrator is subject to collateral attack as all judgments are which are wholly, or as the phrase is, “absolutely void.” Where the court is without jurisdiction, any judgment rendered is void,, and may be attacked collaterally; and so it was held in the Mallison case, supra, that it was error for the district. court to refuse “to permit an inquiry into the' actual residence of the deceased at the time of his death, and in holding the proceedings had in the probate court” (p. 495) were res judicata. The defendant’s argument is that there is no law conferring jurisdiction on a probate court to appoint a resident of Missouri -administrator of an estate in Kansas; that on the contrary there is a statute which in express terms prohibits such appointment. But the appointment of a. particular person may be erroneous without being void.. Where the court has jurisdiction to appoint some person administrator it must determine the competency of the person appointed, and this involves a question of fact which the probate court alone must primarily solve.
The same principle was involved in Taylor v. Hosick, Adm’r, &c., 13 Kan. 518, where it was said in the opinion:
“Letters of administration can be attacked collaterally only when the probate court for some reason has no jurisdiction to make the appointment, and never when the court has merely committed an error by ap[54]*54pointing one person (who is eligible) when the court should have appointed some other person.” (p. 527.)
To the same effect are Brubaker v. Jones, 23 Kan. 411, Anderson v. Walter, 78 Kan. 781, 783, 99 Pac. 270, Parnell v. Thompson, 81 Kan. 119, 136, 105 Pac. 502, and the recent case of Ekblad, Adm’r, v. Hanson, 85 Kan. 541, 117 Pac. 1028.
And this is the universal rule. (Simmons v. Saul, 138 U. S. 439, 34 L. Ed. 1054; Pick v. Strong, 26 Minn. 303, 3 N. W. 697.)
There was no abuse of discretion in refusing a postponement of the trial in order that defendant might have a hearing upon his application to revoke the letter of administration. The application was not filed in the probate court until the day of the trial, although the suit had been pending for nearly six months.
It was proper to admit evidence of the custom of the milling company to execute promissory notes by its general manager, and to show that on other occasions before and after the execution of the note in question the same officer had executed similar papers in the name of and in behalf of the company. Where the corporation has held the agent out to the public as having such authority it is liable for his acts in the general course of its business, and proof of acquiescence by the company in similar acts is competent. (Thomp. Corp., 1st ed., §4881, 2d ed., § 1608, and cases cited; Fifth Ward Savings Bank v. First Natl. Bank, 48 N. J. Law, 513, 7 Atl. 318; The Evansville Public Hall Company v. The Bank of Commerce, 144 Ind. 34, 42 N. E. 1097.)
Judicial notice, it is true, dispenses with proof; but the court declines to take judicial notice of the alleged custom of banks to require prompt payment of notes at maturity or else to have them extended; and, from such notice, together with the fact that the bank brought no suit upon the note and that it matured four years prior to the institution of this action, to presume, in the absence of any proof, that the time of payment of the note [55]*55in question was extended. The defendant in his answer pleaded the fact, not the custom; and if he intended to rely upon the defense, the burden was upon him to prove that without his knowledge or consent a valid contract upon a sufficient consideration was made for such an extension. He can not rest his defense upon mere presumption.
It is too late for the defendant to raise the question of misjoinder. The abstract nowhere refers to any objection of this nature and there is nothing in the pleadings which challenged the court’s attention to the question. It is raised for the first time in this court and can not be considered. (Railroad Co. v. Beets, 75 Kan. 295, 299, 89 Pac. 683; Blodgett v. Yocum, 80 Kan. 644, 103 Pac. 128.) Besides, it is not claimed that any of the defendant’s rights were prejudiced. Had the question been raised at the trial the court would have permitted separate petitions to be filed and separate trials to be had.
The defendant makes the claim that there was no evidence showing that Nichols as administrator ever paid any sum upon the note as surety or otherwise. Having in his abstract made the statement that there was no proof of such payment, he relies upon rule 10a of this court as construed in Railway Co. v. Conlon, 77 Kan. 324, 94 Pac. 148, and, since the plaintiffs (ap-pellees) have failed to meet the challenge by counter abstract or otherwise setting forth such evidence, he insists that the j udgment must be reversed. The plaintiffs (appellees) answer this contention fully by setting forth the certificate attached to the abstract prepared by the defendant, which reads, “I certify that the above and foregoing is a correct abstract of the record in said cause so far as the same is necessary for an examination of the questions raised on this appeal,” and the specifications of error found on the same page of the abstract, which make no reference to such a claim. Obviously the situation presented is one where the rule [56]*56of the Conlon case, supra, has no room for application.. All the evidence is not abstracted; the defendant’s challenge is limited by the certificate to the abstract and the questions raised by the appeal. The failure of proof now complained of is nowhere suggested as a ground for reversal. Had it been, the challenge, unless met by counter abstract or otherwise, would have concluded the plaintiffs upon that question.
The fourth alleged specification, that “the court erred in rendering judgment for the plaintiffs; said judgment should have been for the defendant for his costs,”is not a specification of error within rule 9 and raises, no question for this court to consider. (Lumber Co. v. Smith, 84 Kan. 190, 114 Pac. 372.)
The j udgment is affirmed.