Lexjac, LLC v. Bd. of Trs. of Muttontown
Opinion
16‐3357‐cv(L) Lexjac, LLC v. Bd. of Trs. of Muttontown
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURTʹS LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION ʺSUMMARY ORDERʺ). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 8th day of September, two thousand seventeen.
PRESENT: RALPH K. WINTER, DENNY CHIN,
SUSAN L. CARNEY,
Circuit Judges.
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LEXJAC, LLC, RICHARD ENTEL, Plaintiffs‐Counter‐Defendants‐Appellants,
v. 16‐3357‐cv (L)
16‐3844‐cv (Con)
THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE INCORPORATED VILLAGE OF MUTTONTOWN, INCORPORATED VILLAGE OF MUTTONTOWN, Defendants‐Counter‐Claimants‐Cross‐ Defendants‐Appellees,
CARL JUUL‐NIELSON, J. RANDOLPH BARTHOLOMEW, STEVEN FINE, PAT MILLER, individually and in their official capacity as Member of the Board of Trustees of the
Incorporated Village of Muttontown, JULIANNE W. BECKERMAN, individually and as Mayor of the Incorporated Village of Muttontown, Defendants‐Counter‐Claimants,
BONNIE OʹCONNELL, Defendant‐Counter‐Claimant‐ Cross‐Claimant.
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FOR PLAINTIFFS‐APPELLANTS: E. CHRISTOPHER MURRAY, Ruskin Moscou Faltischek, P.C., Uniondale, New York.
FOR DEFENDANTS‐APPELLEES: STEVEN G. LEVENTHAL, Leventhal Mullaney & Blinkoff, LLP, Roslyn, New York.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (Lindsay, M.J.).
UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.
Plaintiffs‐counter‐defendants‐appellants Lexjac, LLC (ʺLexjacʺ) and Richard Entel appeal the district courtʹs October 27, 2016 judgment granting summary judgment in favor of defendants‐counter‐claimants‐cross‐defendants‐appellees the Board of Trustees of the Incorporated Village of Muttontown (the ʺBoardʺ) and the Incorporated Village of Muttontown (the ʺVillageʺ), dismissing plaintiffsʹ complaint and directing plaintiffs to cancel their deed and convey title of a 1.1 acre parcel of land (ʺSmallacreʺ) to the Village. We assume the partiesʹ familiarity with the underlying facts, procedural history, and issues on appeal.
On July 2, 1969, the Village Planning Board approved a 28‐home residential subdivision plan proposed by Foreal Homes, Inc. (ʺForealʺ), conditioned upon Forealʹs offer to dedicate Smallacre to the Village as parkland, pursuant to N.Y. Village Law § 7‐730(4). Foreal irrevocably offered Smallacre to the Village on July 27, 1972. The offer was recorded on August 22, 1972. The Village, however, did not accept the offer until 2007, as described further below.
Lexjac, Entelʹs wholly owned company, purchased Smallacre, which abutted Entelʹs home, from Foreal for $90,000 in December 2003. On October 17, 2005, at plaintiffsʹ request, the Village formally declined Forealʹs offer of dedication (the ʺ2005 Resolutionʺ), giving plaintiffs unencumbered title to Smallacre. At the time of the vote, Entel was a member of the Villageʹs Board of Trustees but recused himself from the vote. On July 10, 2007, after Entel was defeated in a mayoral race by incumbent defendant Julianne Beckerman, the new Board of Trustees passed a resolution rescinding the 2005 Resolution and formally accepting the offer of dedication (the ʺ2007 Resolutionʺ).
Plaintiffs filed this action in 2007, alleging, inter alia, that their due process and equal protection rights were violated by the 2007 Resolution. The district court (Seybert, J.) granted in part plaintiffsʹ motion for summary judgment, holding that the 2005 Resolution did not constitute a contract and that Entel had complied with § 809 of the New York General Municipal Law (the ʺNYGMLʺ) by disclosing his interest in
Smallacre and abstaining from voting on the resolution. Lexjac, LLC v. Inc. Vill. of Muttontown, No. 07‐CV‐4614 JS, 2011 WL 1059122, at *4‐5 (E.D.N.Y. Mar. 18, 2011). The district court subsequently ordered the Village to deed Smallacre back to plaintiffs subject to plaintiffsʹ grant of a conservation easement preventing development of Smallacre.
The case proceeded to trial on damages before Magistrate Judge Arlene R.
Lindsay on the consent of the parties, and the jury returned a verdict of $1,450,000 for plaintiffs. Defendants appealed, and we concluded that the 2005 Resolution constituted a contract, vacated the district courtʹs grant of partial summary judgment, and remanded for the district court to consider whether the 2005 Resolution was null and void pursuant to NYGML §§ 801 and 804 notwithstanding Entelʹs recusal. See Lexjac, LLC v. Beckerman, 616 F. Appʹx 435, 438 (2d Cir. 2015). On September 1, 2016, the district court granted defendantsʹ motion for summary judgment, holding that the 2005 Resolution was null and void. Plaintiffs timely appealed. We review a district courtʹs grant of summary judgment de novo. Hill v. Del. N. Cos. Sportservice, Inc., 838 F.3d 281, 287 (2d Cir. 2016).
Section 801 provides that
Except as provided in [§ 802], (1) no municipal officer or employee shall have an interest in any contract with the municipality of which he is an officer or employee, when such officer or employee, individually or as a member of a board, has the power or duty to (a) negotiate, prepare, authorize or approve the contract or authorize or approve payment thereunder . . . .
NYGML § 801. If a municipal officer has such an interest in a contract ʺwillfully entered into by or with a municipality,ʺ the contract is ʺnull, void, and wholly unenforceable.ʺ NYGML § 804.
Four questions are presented: first, whether § 801 was implicated here;
second, whether Entelʹs recusal from the vote on the 2005 Resolution obviated any violation; third, whether the Village waived any violation; and finally, whether plaintiffs were entitled to notice and an opportunity to be heard before the 2007 Resolution was passed. We address each issue in turn.
1. Applicability of NYGML § 801 As a board member, Entel had the power to ʺnegotiateʺ and ʺapproveʺ the 2005 Resolution. Entel had the power and the duty, as a member of the Board of Trustees, to negotiate, prepare, authorize, or approve contracts, including contracts to convey interests in real property implemented through resolutions. See N.Y. Village Law § 4‐412(1)(a) (ʺ[T]he board of trustees of a village . . . may take all measures and do all acts, by local law, not inconsistent with the provisions of the constitution . . . which shall be deemed expedient or desirable for the good government of the village.ʺ); accord Karedes v. Colella, 740 N.Y.S.2d 526, 528 (3d Depʹt 2002), revʹd on other grounds, 100 N.Y.2d 84 (2003) (ʺThe power to contract with respect to the management of village property is vested in the Board.ʺ).
Although title to Smallacre was taken by Lexjac, as Entel was the sole owner of Lexjac, he had an interest in the transaction. NYGML § 800(3) (ʺ[A] municipal officer or employee shall be deemed to have an interest in the contract of . . . (d) a corporation any stock of which is owned or controlled directly or indirectly by such officer or employee.ʺ). Accordingly, § 801 was implicated.
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