Lewis v. Whitehead

470 F. Supp. 2d 1043, 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 31999
District Court, D. South Dakota·Decided January 8, 2007·No. Nos. CIV 06-4163, CIV 06-4181, CIV 06-4201, CIV 06-4170, CIV 06-4190, CIV 06-4204, CIV 06-4173, CIV 06-4198, CIV 06-4206, CIV 06-4209, CIV 06-4220, CIV 06-4233, CIV 06-4213, CIV 06-4224, CIV 06-4236, CIV 06-4217, CIV 06-4226, CIV 06-4238, CIV 06-4241, CIV 06-4250, CIV 06-4260, CIV 06-4246, CIV 06-4254, CIV 06-4271, CIV 06-4248, CIV 06-4257, CIV 06-4164, CIV 06-4171, CIV 06-4194, CIV 06-4205, CIV 06-4175, CIV 06-4199, CIV 06-4207, CIV 06-4182, CIV 06-4202, CIV 06-4210, CIV 06-4215, CIV 06-4225, CIV 06-4237, CIV 06-4218, CIV 06-4230, CIV 06-4240, CIV 06-4223, CIV 06-4235, CIV 06-4245, CIV 06-4247, CIV 06-4255, CIV 06-4249, CIV 06-4258, CIV 06-4251, CIV 06-4269·Published·Cited by 1 cases

Opinion

[1046]*1046MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

PIERSOL, District Judge.

Petitioner, Ontario Lewis, an inmate at the Federal Prison Camp in Yankton, South Dakota, petitioned this Court for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2241. Since numerous petitions were filed raising common questions of law and fact, this Court, on its own motion, consolidated Lewis’ case with that of other inmates who have filed 28 U.S.C. § 2241 petitions raising the same issues. The Petitioners are all confined at the Federal Prison Camp in Yankton, South Dakota. The claim advanced by the Petitioners is that Respondent, Warden Whitehead, by refusing to allow inmates to be eligible for RRC (halfway house placement) beyond 180 days in the absence of “extraordinary justification” is acting contrary to the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals’ rulings in Fults v. Sanders, 442 F.3d 1088 (8th Cir. 2006), and Elwood v. Jeter, 386 F.3d 842 (8th Cir.2004). Also, Petitioners contend that the requirement of “extraordinary justification” is arbitrary and capricious and constitutes an abuse of discretion.

BUREAU OF PRISONS’ PLACEMENT POLICIES

Prior to .December of 2002, the Bureau of Prisons had a policy of allowing prisoners to serve their last six months of incarceration in a community confinement center regardless of what percent of the sentence this last six months comprised. In December of 2002, however, the Office of Legal Counsel of the U.S. Department of Justice, in response to an inquiry by the Bureau of Prisons, issued a Memorandum which concluded that the Bureau of Prisons’ community confinement center placement policy was illegal because it was inconsistent with the requirements of 18 U.S.C. § 3621(b)1 and 18 U.S.C. § 3624(c).2 The Memorandum from the [1047]*1047Office of Legal Counsel further concluded that the Bureau of Prisons had no authority to transfer a prisoner to a community confinement center, except for the lesser of the last ten percent of the sentence or the last six months of the sentence. The United States Attorney General’s Office subsequently adopted the Office of Legal Counsel’s position on placement to a community confinement center. On December 20, 2002, the Bureau of Prisons instituted a policy that inmates could be placed in community confinement centers only for the last ten percent of their terms, to be capped at six months. See Elwood v. Jeter, 386 F.3d 842, 844-45 (8th Cir.2004).

The Bureau of Prisons’ 2002 placement policy was challenged in Ekvood v. Jeter, 386 F.3d 842 (8th Cir.2004). The Eighth Circuit in concluding that the Bureau of Prisons has the discretion to transfer prisoners to community confinement centers at any time during their incarceration, explained its holding as follows:

We hold, on the facts of this case, in which both parties agree that CCCs are places of imprisonment for the purposes of 18 U.S.C. § 3621(b), that § 3621(b) gives the BOP the discretion to transfer prisoners to CCCs at any time during their incarceration. Further, the BOP is required to place prisoners in “conditions that will afford [them] a reasonable opportunity to adjust to and prepare for the prisoner’s re-entry into the community” during a reasonable part of the last ten percent of the prisoner’s term, to the extent practicable. This duty shall not extend beyond the last six months of the prisoner’s sentence.

Elwood v. Jeter, 386 F.3d at 847 (emphasis added).

In February of 2005, the Bureau of Prisons put into place new regulations which stated that the Bureau of Prisons was engaging in a “categorical exercise of discretion” with regard to designating inmates to community confinement centers. Fults v. Sanders, 442 F.3d 1088, 1090 (8th Cir.2006). One of these regulations, 28 C.F.R. § 570.21,3 limited an inmate’s pre-release placement to ten percent of his sentence. The Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals in Fults v. Sanders, held that the Bureau of Prisons’ regulation conflicted with 18 U.S.C. § 3621(b) “by excluding an entire class of inmates -those not serving the final ten percent of their sentences from the opportunity to be transferred to a CCC,” and that the regulation was invalid. Id. at 1092.

Subsequent to the issuance of the Fults v. Sanders decision, the Federal Prison Camp in Yankton, South Dakota, once again utilized BOP Program Statement 7310.04, Community Corrections Center (CCC) Utilization and Transfer Procedure, dated December 16, 1998, as the policy for making referrals of placement to what is now known as a Residential Reentry Center (RRC or “halfway house”). Program Statement 7310.04 was the Bureau of Prisons’ policy prior to 2002.

Section 5 of Program Statement 7310.04 states in part: “[T]he Bureau is not restricted by § 3624(c) in designating a CCC for an inmate and may place an [1048]*1048inmate in a CCC for more than six months, if appropriate.” Section 8.c. of Program Statement 7310.04 states in part: “A final and specific release preparation plan, including a decision as to CCC referral, is normally established at a team meeting no later that 11 to 13 months before an inmate’s projected release date.” Section 9.a.(l) of Program Statement 7310.04 states:

An inmate may be referred up to 180 days, with placement [in a CCC] beyond 180 days highly unusual, and only possible with extraordinary justification. In such circumstances, the Warden shall contact the Regional Director for approval and the Chief USPO in the inmate’s sentencing district to determine whether the sentencing judge objects to such placement.

In accordance with Section 9.a.(l), Warden Whitehead responded to inmates seeking RRC placement beyond 180 days by stating that “RRC placements beyond 180 days would be highly unusual and only possible with extraordinary justification.” Warden Whitehead further advised that the particular inmate had not provided information which would indicate extraordinary justification for the placement beyond 180 days.

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Lewis v. Whitehead, 470 F. Supp. 2d 1043, 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 31999 (D.S.D. 2007).

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Lewis v. Whitehead
470 F. Supp. 2d 1043 (D. South Dakota, 2007)