Lewis Ex Rel. Estate of Lewis v. Dairyland Insurance

831 P.2d 985, 113 N.M. 686
CourtNew Mexico Supreme Court
DecidedMay 15, 1992
Docket19721
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 831 P.2d 985 (Lewis Ex Rel. Estate of Lewis v. Dairyland Insurance) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Mexico Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Lewis Ex Rel. Estate of Lewis v. Dairyland Insurance, 831 P.2d 985, 113 N.M. 686 (N.M. 1992).

Opinion

OPINION

FROST, Justice.

The issue that we address in this case is whether the several statutory beneficiaries in a wrongful death action are entitled to recover pursuant to underinsured motorist insurance policies the per-person or per-accident limits of coverage. In granting summary judgment to the insurers, the trial court held that recovery could be had only for the per-person coverage. We affirm.

In September 1988, Thomas F. Lewis was killed when his motorcycle collided with an underinsured automobile in Otero County, New Mexico. At the time of his death, decedent insured his motorcycle with Dairyland Insurance Company and also insured a second vehicle with American Reliable Insurance Company. Each policy provided split uninsured motorist coverage 1 of $25,000 for each person and $50,000 for each accident.

Plaintiff, decedent’s widow, was appointed personal representative of the estate and conservator of the estates of three surviving minor children, all statutory beneficiaries under New Mexico’s wrongful death provisions, NMSA 1978, Sections 41-2-1, -3 (Repl.Pamp.1989). With the consent of Dairyland and American Reliable, plaintiff settled with the tortfeasor’s insurance carrier for the liability policy limit of $25,000. Dairyland and American Reliable each paid the $25,000 per-person limit, less the respective setoffs from the negligent driver’s liability payment, and denied plaintiff’s claim for benefits up to the $50,000 per-accident limit. In a complaint for declaratory judgment, plaintiff sought to recover the per-accident limit by urging that, under the wrongful death statutes, each beneficiary was entitled to assert separate claims against decedent’s underinsured motorist coverage. All parties moved for summary judgment, with the district court granting the insurers’ motions. In reviewing the summary judgment, we consider only the undisputed facts and determine whether, under those facts, summary judgment was proper as a matter of law. Fleming v. Phelps-Dodge Corp., 83 N.M. 715, 716, 496 P.2d 1111, 1112 (Ct.App.1972).

The dispositive issue is whether the trial court erred in concluding as a matter of law that the beneficiaries identified in the wrongful death statutes have one collective right of action, rather than separate, divisible rights of action as urged by plaintiff. The insurers submit that a wrongful death gives rise to one indivisible claim that is, in this case, subject to the per-person limit of liability. We agree and hold that our wrongful death statutes permit only one claim for damages for the death of one person.

Section 41-2-1 states:

Whenever the death of a person shall be caused by the wrongful act, neglect or default of another, * * * and the act, or neglect, or default, is such as would, if death had not ensued, have entitled the party injured to maintain an action and recover damages in respect thereof, then * * * the person who * * * would have been liable, if death had not ensued, shall be liable to an action for damages, notwithstanding the death of the person injured.

(Emphasis added.) Section 41-2-3 states:

Every such action * * * shall be brought by and in the name or names of the personal representative or representatives of such deceased person * * *. The proceeds of any judgment obtained in any such action shall not be liable for any debt of the deceased: provided, he or she shall have left a husband, wife, child, father, mother, brother, sister or child or children of the deceased child * * *.

We have no quarrel with plaintiffs contention that she and the surviving children are entitled to damages under the wrongful death statutes. Plaintiff’s premise, however, that each beneficiary has a separate, divisible claim, is faulty. Beneficiaries are not the proper plaintiffs. Moncor Trust Co. v. Feil, 105 N.M. 444, 446, 733 P.2d 1327, 1329 (Ct.App.), cert. denied, 105 N.M. 421, 733 P.2d 869 (1987). The personal representative is entitled to recover damages on behalf of the statutory beneficiaries. Stang v. Hertz Corp., 81 N.M. 69, 77, 463 P.2d 45, 53 (Ct.App.1969), aff'd, 81 N.M. 348, 467 P.2d 14 (1970). The right of action depends “upon the right of the person injured, had he [or she] not died as a consequence of [the] injury, to maintain an action for personal injuries.” Id. 81 N.M. at 351, 467 P.2d at 17. Here, as a result of the accident, Section 41-2-1 preserved decedent’s right to claim underinsured motorist benefits provided by Dairyland and American Reliable and transmitted it to the personal representative. See id. at 79, 463 P.2d at 55; see also Lumley v. Farmers Ins. Co., 716 S.W.2d 455, 457 (Mo.Ct.App.1986) (wrongful death statutes provide for one indivisible claim for death of one person, which remains the same whether enforced by the surviving spouse, minor children, or others named in the statute).

Plaintiff urges this court to invalidate on public policy grounds any limitation on wrongful death beneficiaries to single per-person recovery. Plaintiff relies on the Ohio Supreme Court case of Wood v. Shepard, 38 Ohio St.3d 86, 526 N.E.2d 1089 (1988), which held that “each person entitled to recover damages pursuant to [Ohio’s wrongful death statute] for wrongful death, and who is an insured under an underinsured motorist provision of an insurance policy, has a separate claim and such separate claims may not be made subject to the single person limit of liability in the underinsured motorist provision.” Id. 526 N.E.2d at 1094.

The Wood court based its holding on the language in Ohio’s wrongful death statute “that the surviving spouse, the children, and the parents of the decedent are ‘all ... rebuttably presumed to have suffered damages by reason of the wrongful death.’ ” Id. at 1092 (quoting Ohio Rev.Code Ann. § 2125.02 (Baldwin 1987)). Our statutes do not create such a presumption. Section 41-2-3 reserves for the fact finder the determination of damages “taking into consideration the pecuniary injury or injuries resulting from such death to the surviving party or parties * * * and also having regard to the mitigating or aggravating circumstances attending such wrongful act, neglect or default.”

Furthermore, the coverage provided by the policy in Wood was more inclusive than the coverage provided by decedent’s policies. The policy in Wood allowed recovery “for all damages resulting from any one accident.” Id. at 1091 n. 2. Here, each policy limits damages in clear and unambiguous language.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
831 P.2d 985, 113 N.M. 686, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/lewis-ex-rel-estate-of-lewis-v-dairyland-insurance-nm-1992.