Levinson v. Commissioner

59 T.C. No. 67, 59 T.C. 676, 1973 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 171
CourtUnited States Tax Court
DecidedFebruary 21, 1973
DocketDocket No. 4947-70
StatusPublished
Cited by10 cases

This text of 59 T.C. No. 67 (Levinson v. Commissioner) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Tax Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Levinson v. Commissioner, 59 T.C. No. 67, 59 T.C. 676, 1973 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 171 (tax 1973).

Opinion

Tannenwald, Judge:

Respondent determined deficiencies in petitioners’ income tax for 1966 and 1967 in the respective amounts of $1,873.48 and $15,744.53. Petitioners have conceded the entire deficiency for 1966 and a portion of the deficiency for 1967.

The one issue remaining for decision is whether the petitioners are entitled to deduct, as a loss in 1967, the adjusted basis of buildings demolished in that year and the cost of the demolition.

FINDINGS OP PACT

Some of the facts have been stipulated and are so found.

Petitioners are husband and wife and resided in Baltimore, Md., when they filed the petition herein. They filed a joint Federal income tax return for the calendar year 1967 with the district director of internal revenue, Baltimore, Md.

In 1956, Donald Levinson (hereinafter Donald) acquired certain land in Baltimore and the two old warehouse buildings situated thereon.1 Donald rented the two buildings to the same tenant on a month-to-month basis and without a formal lease. Adjoining Donald’s property was land owned by Armand L. Levinson, the brother of Donald.

In 1966, the City of Baltimore solicited offers to rent office space in an existing or newly constructed building within a specified area of the city. The land owned by Donald and Armand was located within this area.

In September 1966, Armand began negotiations with the City for the construction of a new building, meeting the City’s specifications, on bis own and Donald’s land. It was clear that the old warehouses on Donald’s property, which were altogether unsuited to the City’s needs, would have to be demolished in order to construct the new office building. At no point in the negotiation of the lease, however, was it ever proposed that any additional amount would be included in the rent as specific compensation for the undepreciated cost of the old buildings and the cost of their demolition.

Some time prior to the completion of the negotiations, Donald and Armand formed a partnership for the purpose of constructing the new building and renting it to the City. They each agreed to contribute to the partnership their adjoining parcels of land, vacant of buildings.

The partnership and the City executed a lease on May 10,1967. The partnership agreed to construct a new two-story office building and, upon its completion, rent it to the City for a term of 15 years, subject to the right of the City to terminate the lease after 10 years. The total annual rental was to be $185,000. This lease enabled the partnership to secure the necessary financing for the construction of the new building. Neither the prior correspondence with the City nor the lease itself made any reference to demolition of the old buildings.

Donald demolished the old buildings located on his land. The demolished buildings had an adjusted basis of $23,282. The cost of demolition) was $17,000.

The partnership thereafter began construction of the new building and, upon its completion, rented it to the City.2 Amendments to the lease in 1968 and 1969 provided for an enlargement of the building to four stories, a corresponding increase of the rental by $200,000 per year, and elimination of the City’s right to terminate the lease after 10 years.

Respondent disallowed petitioners a deduction for the undepre-ciated cost of the old buildings and the cost of their demolition, but has conceded that petitioners are entitled to amortize these amounts over the term of the lease with the City.

OPINION

Section 165(a), I.R.C. 1954, as amended, states: “There shall be allowed as a deduction any loss sustained during the taxable year and not compensated for by insurance or otherwise.” Petitioners claim a deduction under that section for the adjusted basis of buildings they demolished during 1967 and the cost of such demolition. They argue that they sustained an uncompensated loss by reason of the demolition, because the rental provided in the lease of the building subsequently erected on the same site was no greater than what could have been obtained had the new building been constructed on vacant land.

The regulations under section 165 provide, as a general rule, that a deduction is allowable for the demolition of buildings when, as in the instant case, the intent to demolish is formed subsequent to the taxpayer’s acquisition of the buildings. Sec. 1.165-3 (b) (1), Income Tax Regs.3 That general rule, however, is subject to the following exception, which respondent believes is controlling herein: “If a lessor * * * of real property demolishes the buildings situated thereon pursuant to the requirements of a lease *■ * *, no deduction shall be allowed to the lessor under section 165(a) on account of the demolition of the old buildings.” Sec. 1.165-3 (b) (2).

Petitioners readily admit that the demolition of the existing buildings was “pursuant to the requirements of” the lease with the City in the sense that “but for” the demolition the new buildings could not have been constructed. They argue, however, that the instant situation does not fall within the scope of section 1.165-3 (b) (2) of the regulations and that therefore they should be allowed a current deduction under section 1.165-3 (b) (1). In their view, the decided cases indicate that section 1.165-3 (b) (2) is meant to apply only in situations where the principal objective of a lease is to obtain the use of the land and the demolition occurs in order to accomplish that objective. Compare Foltz v. United States, 458 F. 2d 600 (C.A. 8, 1972), and Herman Landerman, 54 T.C. 1042 (1970), affd. 454 F. 2d 338 (C.A. 7, 1971), which accorded a broad interpretation to the clause “pursuant to the requirements of a lease,” with Hightower v. United States, 463 F. 2d 182 (C.A. 5, 1972), and Feldman v. Wood, 335 F. 2d 264 (C.A. 9, 1964), which accorded a narrow interpretation to that clause. Petitioners maintain that section 1.165-3 (b) (2) was not meant to apply to situations where the lease and the circumstances of its negotiation have only the use of the new building as their principal objective. In support of such contention, they stress the fact that the City bargained only for the lease of a new building and offered no additional monetary allowance for the fact that Donald had to demolish the existing buildings to fulfill that bargain. On this basis, petitioners conclude that they suffered a “loss * * * not compensated for by insurance or otherwise” within the meaning of section 165(a). Compare Holder v. United States, 444 F. 2d 1297 (C.A. 5, 1971).

We are not impressed with petitioners’ arguments. Clearly, the “demolition was sufficiently within the contemplation of the parties at the time the lease arrangments were made that it can be said that the demolition was an essential underlying condition of those arrangements.” See Herman Landerman, 54 T.C. at 1047. Demolition of the old buildings was necessary to construct the new building and, hence, to obtain the lease, and the costs involved were incurred in order to obtain the rents to be paid.

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Levinson v. Commissioner
59 T.C. No. 67 (U.S. Tax Court, 1973)

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Bluebook (online)
59 T.C. No. 67, 59 T.C. 676, 1973 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 171, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/levinson-v-commissioner-tax-1973.