Before the Court is the Plaintiff's Supplemental Motion to Retain on the Docket.!
PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Tanya Leveille ("Leveille") filed a Complaint with the Court against Gloria Grant
("Grant") on April 3, 2006 for injuries arising out of an automobile accident that
occurred on or about April 4, 2000. As of December 7, 2006, Leveille had not filed the
return of service. The Court issued an Order sua sponte, dated December 7, 2006 (1/2006
Order"), that it would dismiss Plaintiff's case within thirty days without prejudice
unless she filed a motion to retain the case on the docket. On December 29, 2006,
Leveille filed such a motion. On January 9, 2007, the Court (Delahanty, J.) granted the
motion in an Order stating that the case would remain on the docket "until April 10,
2007 and thereafter if service has been made on defendant or until further Order of
Court." ("2007 Order"). On March 28,2007, Leveille served Grant with process. On
April 2, 2007, Leveille filed proof of service with the Court. Thereafter, Grant filed a
timely Answer. Following the initial discovery, Grant filed a Motion for Summary
I Within this motion, Plaintiff requests that the Court deem the following admission requests admitted: I through 5, 12, 14,22,23,31 and 32 due to the Defendant's alleged noncompliance with M.R. Civ. P. 36(a). The objections to the enumerated admission requests do not rest on lack of information or knowledge as argued by the Plaintiff. Defendant makes Rule 26(b) objections, inter alia, to these admissions. In response to the admission requests the Defendant either flatly denies the admission (# 3, 4, 5, 12, 14,22,23, 31, 32); qualifies the admission in reliance on previously taken deposition testimony (#1); or denies the admission in reliance on previously taken deposition testimony (#2). The issue is whether these responses "fairly meet the substance of the requested admission." M.R. Civ. P. 36(a). They do. Therefore, the Court denies Plaintiff s request. Judgment. On February 6, 2008, the Court denied that motion, vacated the 2007 Order
retaining the case on the docket, and allowed discovery on the issues of cause and
excusable neglect ("2008 Order"). Pursuant to the 2008 Order, Leveille filed her
Supplement to Plaintiff's Motion to Retain on Docket and Grant filed an Opposition
thereto.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND Before and after filing her Complaint, Plaintiff, with the assistance of her
husband, Jesse Leveille ("Mr. Leveille"), attempted to settle this claim directly with
Defendant's insurer, The Hanover Insurance Company ("Hanover"). Plaintiff did not
engage the assistance of legal counsel in the pre-Complaint negotiations with Hanover.
However, Plaintiff did have the informal assistance of counsel in preparing her
Complaint. Leveille proceeded pro se in this matter until the entry of appearance of
counsel on her behalf on May 11, 2007.
Plaintiff did not make any effort to personally serve Defendant with a Summons
and Complaint, and thereafter file proof of such service with the Court, within 90 days
from the date she filed her Complaint. Plaintiff's Revised Responses to Defendant's Request
for Admissions CJICJI 32-33. However, Plaintiff did inform Defendant's insurer that she had
filed a Complaint. Id. At the time of the filing of the Complaint, Plaintiff knew
Defendant's address as evidenced by her completion of the associated Summary Sheet.
Despite having knowledge that Plaintiff's Complaint was pending in Court,
Defendant's insurer chose to make no effort to responsively plead to the pending
Complaint.
After the filing of the Complaint, Plaintiff continued to deal with Hanover
representatives. In August of 2006, a Hanover agent advised Plaintiff's husband that it
could not settle the case because the statute of limitations had in fact run on Leveille's
2 claim. At that point, Plaintiff believed that there was nothing else that could be done to
further prosecute her claim. Plaintiff did not take further action until she received the
2006 Order. Thereafter, Plaintiff timely responded to the 2006 Order. Plaintiff has no
legal training and was unaware of service of process requirements at the time she filed
her Complaint.
The 2008 Order vacated the 2007 Order. In essence, Plaintiff's Supplemental
Motion to Retain on Docket is a "do-over" of her previously filed motion. Therefore,
the sole issue before the Court is whether the Plaintiff has met her burden for seeking
an enlargement of time for service of process. 2
When a party commences an action by filing a complaint with the court "the
return of service shall be filed with the court within 90 days after the filing of the
complaint." M.R. Civ. P. 3. Time for service may be enlarged after the expiration of the
90 days "upon motion ... where the failure to act was the result of excusable neglect."
M.R. Civ. P. 6(b). Notably, a party is subject to a higher burden of proof if its motion to
enlarge time is filed after the specified time period has lapsed. See M.R. Civ. P. 6(b);
MSBA Practice Series Maine Rules of Civil Procedure 80 (Hon. Donald G. Alexander et
al. eds., 2008) (distinguishing between "good cause" and "excusable neglect" and
noting that excusable neglect is a stricter standard).
Excusable neglect is an equitable determination by the Court. In Maine, the strict
standard of excusable neglect "can be met only when there are extraordinary
circumstances that work an injustice." Gregory v. City of Calais, 2001 ME 82, <][ 7, 771
A.2d 383,386. On the one hand, "[a] mere palpable mistake by counselor counsel's
2 Plaintiff's discussion of the "Law of the Case" and her reliance on the corresponding case law is misplaced. The Court changed the law of this case when it vacated the 2007 Order. As such, Leveille's plea not to disturb the "Law of the Case" is inapposite.
3 staff does not constitute excusable neglect." Id. <[ 8, 771 A.2d at 386. On the other hand,
the court may find excusable neglect if there is no prejudice to the opposing party and if
there are extenuating circumstances. Dyer Goodall and Federle, LLC v. Proctor, 2007 NIB
145, <[ 18; 935 A.2d 1123, 1127 (citing Solomon's Rock Trust v. Davis, 675 A.2d 506,509
(Me. 1996). This analysis is viewed in light of the fact that "self-represented parties are
subject to the same standards as represented parties, particularly in areas so
fundamental as service of process." Brown v. Thaler, 2005 NIB 75, <[ 8, 880 A.2d 1113,
1116.
The federal courts look at a variety of factors in considering whether a party has
shown excusable neglect. 3 These factors include:
• The danger of prejudice to the opposing party • The length of the delay and its potential impact on judicial proceedings • The reason for the delay, including whether it was within the reasonable control of the moving party; and • Whether the moving party acted in good faith.
1 James Wm. Moore, Moore's Federal Practice § 6.06[3][b] (3rd ed. 2007). Mistake or
ignorance of a rule generally does not rise to the level of excusable neglect, nor does a
busy schedule, lack of diligence, inadvertence, or other manifestations of carelessness
and laxity. Id. § 6.06[3[c]; See also MSBA Practice Series Maine Rules of Civil Procedure,
supra, at 81 (stating that "failure to consult or to abide by an unambiguous court rule, or
mistakes construing such rules normally does not constitute 'excusable neglect"').
In order to succeed in her effort to retain this action on the Court's docket,
Plaintiff must show extraordinary circumstances that work an injustice. It is
undisputed that Plaintiff did not serve Defendant with service of process within the
time set forth in M.R. Civ. P. 3. Leveille originally stated two reasons for the delay: (1)
3 The MSBA Practice Series Maine Rules of Civil Procedure, supra, at 80 cites several federal cases with approval and notes that the federal standard is comparable to the Maine standard.
4 she relied on representations by an agent at Hanover that the statute of limitations had
run on her claim; and (2) she was unaware of the existence and time sensitive nature of
service of process. Plaintiff's Motion to Retain on Docket. Plaintiff's Supplemental Motion
provides more detail to the surrounding circumstances but does not cite any additional
reasons for the noncompliance with Rule 3 requirements. Rather, the Plaintiff continues
to assert that her failure to properly serve the Defendant was reasonable given her
interactions with the Defendant's insurer and her ignorance of the court rules. 4
Danger oFPre,iudice
Despite the Plaintiff's knowledge of Grant's address at the time of the filing of
the Complaint, Plaintiff did not serve the Summons and Complaint on Grant until
nearly seven years after the accident. Grant was born on December 12, 1925. Affidavit of
Defendant Gloria Grant err 2. She is currently 82 years old. See id. err 3. Grant's
recollection of the 2000 automobile accident is poor due to her age and due to the stress
of caring for her failing (and now deceased) husband. Id. err 7-8. However, Grant had a
better memory of the accident two or three years earlier. s Id. Grant's failing memory
likely puts her in a worse position than she would have been had Leveille promptly
served her within the 90-day period.
Length of Delay
The length of Leveille's delay in taking any judicial action, some 248 days after
she filed her Complaint, alone raises an inference of her failure to prosecute. During
4 The parties disagree on Leveille's level of knowledge of litigation. In essence, Grant argues that Leveille 'should have known' that she would have to follow up her Complaint with service of process because of her association with a local attorney and her prior involvement in a personal injury claim. Irrespective of these facts, all litigants are deemed to have a basic understanding of such procedures and are equally bound by them. See Dyer Goodall and Federle, 2007 ME 145,' 18,935 A.2d at 1127. 5 The danger of prejudice is considered within the context of the delay of service rather than the delay from the date of the accident.
5 this time, Leveille made no effort to personally serve Grant, and she made no other
efforts to prosecute her action. It was only after the Court issued the 2006 Order that
Leveille attempted to serve Grant.
Reason for Delay
Leveille argues that she did not neglect her claim because she was dealing with
Hanover in the time between filing her Complaint and the 2006 Order. Before the Court
issued the 2006 Order, Leveille and her husband dealt extensively with Hanover. They
discussed how to proceed with the claim (Rolfe Dep. 11:24-12:16); created a plan for
gathering all medical bills so that Leveille would be fully compensated (Leveille Aff. 19,
Rolfe Dep. 13:1-8); and they discussed the looming statute of limitations deadline
(Leveille Dep. 58:11-16, Rolfe Dep. 14:9-17). Additionally, sometime after July 25,2006 Mr.
Leveille emailed a copy of the Complaint to Nichole Estes, a Hanover agent. Estes Dep.
32:10-13. Notably, this occurred after the 90-day service of process deadline. Id.
There is a dispute regarding Hanover's role in Leveille's decision not to retain
counsel in this matter. Katherine Rolfe, a Hanover agent, informed Mr. Leveille he
"really should consider getting a lawyer and that they should file suit and protect the
statute of limitations." Rolfe Dep. 14: 15-17, See also 23:23-24:10 (discussing another
conversation between Rolfe and Mr. Leveille where Mr. Leveille reiterated his decision
to not retain counsel). Rolfe had the impression that Mr. Leveille "[k]new about filing a
lawsuit" after he explained his wife's prior employment at a law office. Rolfe Dep. 14:23
15:5. Later, Mr. Leveille told Rolfe that he received a 90-day extension for the statute of
limitations. Rolfe Dep. 17:7-13. Rolfe testified that she was not aware of any "extension"
procedure, but she continued settlement negotiations on the belief that Mr. Leveille
would supply her with the appropriate documentation of the "extension." Rolfe Dep.
17:7-13; 22:17-21.
6 Leveille's affidavit conflicts with Rolfe's testimony.6 However, most, if not all, of
the testimony in Plaintiff's affidavit regarding the retention of counsel is inadmissible
hearsay. The record contains no affidavit, deposition, or other testimony from Mr.
Leveille. Without such admissible evidence, Leveille's affidavit is insufficient to
demonstrate that she reasonably relied on anything Rolfe said in electing not to seek
assistance from counsel.
The admissible evidence does not support Plaintiff's contention that Hanover
discouraged the Leveille from retaining counsel. Moreover, negotiations with insurers,
before and after filing a Complaint, are common practice. Therefore, the Leveilles'
dealings with Hanover are not an extraordinary circumstance warranting a finding of
excusable neglect.
Good Faith
There is no dispute that the Plaintiff acted in good faith. But, this is not a case of
failed attempts at service; errors by the process server; or a de minimis delay in service.
In this case, Plaintiff simply did not follow up the Complaint with service. As such, the
facts and circumstances do not dictate a finding of excusable neglect.
The danger of prejudice to Grant in having to defend a stale claim is not
outweighed by ignorance of court rules by Leveille. Accordingly, Leveille has not met
the strict standard for excusable neglect.
6 " .•• we discussed that it probably did not make sense to get a lawyer involved because all we wanted to do was settle the case simply and fairly for the amount of the medical bills. My husband remembers talking with the adjuster about not getting a lawyer involved." Leveille Aff. ~ 7. "The adjuster told me that I needed to file paperwork with the Court in order to get' an extension.' She referred to this process as getting' an extension.' The adjuster made it sound like this was an extension of the amount of time we had to settle the case with the insurance company." Leveille Aff. ~ 8 (emphasis added). See also Leveille Dep. 57:25-58:5 (stating that the notion of an "extension" came from a Hanover agent).
7 Plaintiff argues, in the alternative, for dismissal without prejudice. However, a
dismissal without prejudice would likewise leave the Plaintiff without any relief. See 14
M.R.S.A. § 855 (2008); Oppenheim v. Hutchinson, 2007 ME 73,
(holding that a dismissal of a complaint for failure to serve defendant and timely file
return of service was not attributable to a "matter of form" within the meaning of the
saving statute).
Plaintiff's Motion to Retain on Docket is DENIED and the case is DISMISSED with prejudice.
Dated at Portland, Maine this 21~ day of I ~I-- ,2008
R~ Justice, Superior Court -
8 :RK OF COURTS P.O. BOX 287 ~D, MAINE 04112-0287
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OF COURTS BOX 287· MAINE 04112-0287
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