NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MAR 18 2021 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
LESLIE HOFFMAN, No. 20-55534
Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 2:10-cv-06913-CJC-AJW v.
SCREEN ACTORS GUILD-PRODUCERS MEMORANDUM* PENSION PLAN, an ERISA Plan; SCREEN ACTORS GUILD-PRODUCERS HEALTH PLAN, an ERISA Plan,
Defendants-Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Cormac J. Carney, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted March 3, 2021 Pasadena, California
Before: KLEINFELD, TALLMAN, and OWENS, Circuit Judges.
Former stuntwoman Leslie Hoffman’s action for benefits under her union’s
ERISA disability plans returns to us for a third time. This time, she appeals the
district court’s May 2020 Order Granting in Limited Part Plaintiff’s Motion to
Reopen (the “Order”) her first lawsuit, Hoffman I (challenging the denial of her
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. request to convert her Disability Pension to an Occupational Disability Pension
with corresponding future health coverage). For reasons not entirely clear to us,
she split her case in two when, after a prior remand, the Plans again denied
benefits. See Hoffman v. Screen Actors Guild Producers Pension Plan, 757 F.
App’x 602, 603, 606 (9th Cir. 2019) (Hoffman II) (challenging only the retroactive
termination of her Disability Pension benefits). We think it clear the district court
had jurisdiction under 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a). On these curious facts, we hold the
collateral order doctrine allows us to review the Order. See Dig. Equip. Corp. v.
Desktop Direct, Inc., 511 U.S. 863, 867 (1994); see also Burlington N. & Santa Fe
Ry. Co. v. Vaughn, 509 F.3d 1085, 1089–90 (9th Cir. 2007). Because at oral
argument it became clear the Plans have no intention to re-examine her claim for
health coverage as the district court was led to believe when it understandably
declined to adjudicate her entitlement prematurely, we reverse, vacate, and
remand.
The litigation over Hoffman’s entitlement to benefits has a tortured history
and is now on its fourth district judge and its third panel of circuit judges.1
Hoffman, a retired stunt actress, has sought benefits from the Screen Actors Guild-
Producers Pension & Health Plans (individually, the “Pension Plan” and the
1 Given its unusual posture, we recite only the facts and procedural history germane to our decision here.
2 “Health Plan,” and collectively, the “Plans”) since 2004. In 2010, the Plans denied
Hoffman’s 2008 request to modify her existing $952 monthly Disability Pension2
into an Occupational Disability Pension3—which would give her lifetime health
coverage benefits—after determining her disability from severe major depression
was not linked to her stunt work. Following an unsuccessful administrative appeal,
Hoffman filed Hoffman I in 2010, challenging the Plans’ conclusion that her “Total
Disability” was not caused by her work—i.e., missing an occupational nexus.
The district court granted summary judgment for the Plans in 2012, but we
reversed after concluding the Plans denied Hoffman a full and fair review of her
claim of entitlement to coverage under the Occupational Disability Plan. See
Hoffman v. Screen Actors Guild-Producers Pension Plan, 571 F. App’x 588, 590–
91 (9th Cir. 2014) (Hoffman I) (concluding “that the record does not foreclose the
possibility that a second medical professional would conclude that the combination
of Hoffman’s mental and physical impairments related to her occupation caused
her total disability”). The district court then issued its remand order on July 18,
2 The “Disability Pension” requires proof of “Total Disability,” which is both an official determination of entitlement to Disability Benefits by the Social Security Administration, and a determination by the Plans’ own medical consultant that the claimant meets the Plans’ more restrictive definition of “Total Disability.” 3 The “Occupational Disability Pension” requires a determination of “Total Disability” and that the “disability occurred in the course of employment covered by the Plan”—i.e., nexus.
3 2014; however, it expanded the scope of review to “encompass all information that
bears on the disability claim.” The Plans on remand confirmed their earlier
determination reiterating the missing occupational nexus, while also informing
Hoffman they were retroactively reviewing her entitlement to the $952 monthly
Disability Pension she had been receiving for years. Although the Plans had
denied the claim for lack of occupational nexus, the district court subsequently
denied Hoffman’s first motion to reopen Hoffman I on January 20, 2015, reasoning
that “the case is not presently closed, and the Plan has apparently not completed
administrative review of whether [Hoffman] is disabled.” We denied Hoffman’s
mandamus petition to compel the district court to review the disability issue on
February 25, 2015.
On June 19, 2015, the Pension Plan then retroactively terminated Hoffman’s
Disability Pension, determining she had not actually met the Plans’ definition of
“Totally Disabled” since at least December 31, 2004. It sought restitution for all
disability payments previously paid plus interest. Hoffman unsuccessfully
administratively appealed that decision, too, and then filed her second lawsuit,
Hoffman II, which challenged that retroactive decision. The district court again
granted summary judgment for the Pension Plan, but we again reversed. See
Hoffman II, 757 F. App’x at 603, 605–06 (concluding the district court failed to
consider procedural defects and “erred in summarily denying Hoffman’s claims
4 that the Plans failed to provide full and fair review under ERISA section 503”).
On remand, the district court found the Pension Plan abused its discretion in
terminating Hoffman’s disability benefits and further remanded the matter to the
Pension Plan on October 24, 2019. Several months later, however, the district
court entered the parties’ stipulated judgment in Hoffman’s favor on February 5,
2020,4 and later awarded Hoffman attorney fees for Hoffman II.
On April 7, 2020, Hoffman filed her second motion to reopen Hoffman I so
she could pursue her claim for lifetime medical benefits, which for some reason
was not resolved in the earlier litigation. The district court entered the Order now
before us on May 1, 2020, limited solely to allowing Hoffman’s attorney fees
motion to proceed for the work in Hoffman I, but rejecting Hoffman’s request to
reopen the case to adjudicate her entitlement for future health benefits under the
Occupational Disability Pension.
We were informed at oral argument that on remand the Pension Plan has
done nothing because it has paid out all Disability Pension monetary benefits to
4 Apparently as the result of partial settlement, the parties stipulated to the Plans paying Hoffman an additional $54,516.67 in arrears, pending readjudication of whether she was “Totally Disabled” under the Plans.
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NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MAR 18 2021 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
LESLIE HOFFMAN, No. 20-55534
Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 2:10-cv-06913-CJC-AJW v.
SCREEN ACTORS GUILD-PRODUCERS MEMORANDUM* PENSION PLAN, an ERISA Plan; SCREEN ACTORS GUILD-PRODUCERS HEALTH PLAN, an ERISA Plan,
Defendants-Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Cormac J. Carney, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted March 3, 2021 Pasadena, California
Before: KLEINFELD, TALLMAN, and OWENS, Circuit Judges.
Former stuntwoman Leslie Hoffman’s action for benefits under her union’s
ERISA disability plans returns to us for a third time. This time, she appeals the
district court’s May 2020 Order Granting in Limited Part Plaintiff’s Motion to
Reopen (the “Order”) her first lawsuit, Hoffman I (challenging the denial of her
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. request to convert her Disability Pension to an Occupational Disability Pension
with corresponding future health coverage). For reasons not entirely clear to us,
she split her case in two when, after a prior remand, the Plans again denied
benefits. See Hoffman v. Screen Actors Guild Producers Pension Plan, 757 F.
App’x 602, 603, 606 (9th Cir. 2019) (Hoffman II) (challenging only the retroactive
termination of her Disability Pension benefits). We think it clear the district court
had jurisdiction under 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a). On these curious facts, we hold the
collateral order doctrine allows us to review the Order. See Dig. Equip. Corp. v.
Desktop Direct, Inc., 511 U.S. 863, 867 (1994); see also Burlington N. & Santa Fe
Ry. Co. v. Vaughn, 509 F.3d 1085, 1089–90 (9th Cir. 2007). Because at oral
argument it became clear the Plans have no intention to re-examine her claim for
health coverage as the district court was led to believe when it understandably
declined to adjudicate her entitlement prematurely, we reverse, vacate, and
remand.
The litigation over Hoffman’s entitlement to benefits has a tortured history
and is now on its fourth district judge and its third panel of circuit judges.1
Hoffman, a retired stunt actress, has sought benefits from the Screen Actors Guild-
Producers Pension & Health Plans (individually, the “Pension Plan” and the
1 Given its unusual posture, we recite only the facts and procedural history germane to our decision here.
2 “Health Plan,” and collectively, the “Plans”) since 2004. In 2010, the Plans denied
Hoffman’s 2008 request to modify her existing $952 monthly Disability Pension2
into an Occupational Disability Pension3—which would give her lifetime health
coverage benefits—after determining her disability from severe major depression
was not linked to her stunt work. Following an unsuccessful administrative appeal,
Hoffman filed Hoffman I in 2010, challenging the Plans’ conclusion that her “Total
Disability” was not caused by her work—i.e., missing an occupational nexus.
The district court granted summary judgment for the Plans in 2012, but we
reversed after concluding the Plans denied Hoffman a full and fair review of her
claim of entitlement to coverage under the Occupational Disability Plan. See
Hoffman v. Screen Actors Guild-Producers Pension Plan, 571 F. App’x 588, 590–
91 (9th Cir. 2014) (Hoffman I) (concluding “that the record does not foreclose the
possibility that a second medical professional would conclude that the combination
of Hoffman’s mental and physical impairments related to her occupation caused
her total disability”). The district court then issued its remand order on July 18,
2 The “Disability Pension” requires proof of “Total Disability,” which is both an official determination of entitlement to Disability Benefits by the Social Security Administration, and a determination by the Plans’ own medical consultant that the claimant meets the Plans’ more restrictive definition of “Total Disability.” 3 The “Occupational Disability Pension” requires a determination of “Total Disability” and that the “disability occurred in the course of employment covered by the Plan”—i.e., nexus.
3 2014; however, it expanded the scope of review to “encompass all information that
bears on the disability claim.” The Plans on remand confirmed their earlier
determination reiterating the missing occupational nexus, while also informing
Hoffman they were retroactively reviewing her entitlement to the $952 monthly
Disability Pension she had been receiving for years. Although the Plans had
denied the claim for lack of occupational nexus, the district court subsequently
denied Hoffman’s first motion to reopen Hoffman I on January 20, 2015, reasoning
that “the case is not presently closed, and the Plan has apparently not completed
administrative review of whether [Hoffman] is disabled.” We denied Hoffman’s
mandamus petition to compel the district court to review the disability issue on
February 25, 2015.
On June 19, 2015, the Pension Plan then retroactively terminated Hoffman’s
Disability Pension, determining she had not actually met the Plans’ definition of
“Totally Disabled” since at least December 31, 2004. It sought restitution for all
disability payments previously paid plus interest. Hoffman unsuccessfully
administratively appealed that decision, too, and then filed her second lawsuit,
Hoffman II, which challenged that retroactive decision. The district court again
granted summary judgment for the Pension Plan, but we again reversed. See
Hoffman II, 757 F. App’x at 603, 605–06 (concluding the district court failed to
consider procedural defects and “erred in summarily denying Hoffman’s claims
4 that the Plans failed to provide full and fair review under ERISA section 503”).
On remand, the district court found the Pension Plan abused its discretion in
terminating Hoffman’s disability benefits and further remanded the matter to the
Pension Plan on October 24, 2019. Several months later, however, the district
court entered the parties’ stipulated judgment in Hoffman’s favor on February 5,
2020,4 and later awarded Hoffman attorney fees for Hoffman II.
On April 7, 2020, Hoffman filed her second motion to reopen Hoffman I so
she could pursue her claim for lifetime medical benefits, which for some reason
was not resolved in the earlier litigation. The district court entered the Order now
before us on May 1, 2020, limited solely to allowing Hoffman’s attorney fees
motion to proceed for the work in Hoffman I, but rejecting Hoffman’s request to
reopen the case to adjudicate her entitlement for future health benefits under the
Occupational Disability Pension.
We were informed at oral argument that on remand the Pension Plan has
done nothing because it has paid out all Disability Pension monetary benefits to
4 Apparently as the result of partial settlement, the parties stipulated to the Plans paying Hoffman an additional $54,516.67 in arrears, pending readjudication of whether she was “Totally Disabled” under the Plans. But the stipulated judgment also states that the “matter is remanded back to [the Plans] for a further review of their termination of [Hoffman’s] benefits.” We believe that under ERISA regulations the Pension Plan’s failure to readjudicate whatever remained of Hoffman’s claim within 45 days was a constructive denial, which permits the district court’s review now. See 29 C.F.R. § 2560.503-1(i)(1)(i), (i)(3)(i), (l)(2)(i).
5 which it believes Hoffman would be entitled and that the Plans no longer seek
restitution of the benefits paid. The briefs tell us that the Health Plan has done
nothing further to adjudicate Hoffman’s claim for continuing health insurance
because it considers the case closed.
1. We now hold that in light of this odd procedural history we have
jurisdiction to review the Order. The collateral order doctrine is a practical
construction of 28 U.S.C. § 1291’s final decision rule. Dig. Equip. Corp., 511 U.S.
at 867 (citing Cohen v. Beneficial Indus. Loan Corp., 337 U.S. 541, 546 (1949)).
Appellate jurisdiction is proper for a “narrow class of decisions that do not
terminate the litigation, but must, in the interest of achieving a healthy legal
system, nonetheless be treated as final.” Id. (internal quotation marks and citation
omitted). First, the Order “amounts to a refusal to adjudicate the merits [which]
plainly presents an important issue separate from the merits.” Moses H. Cone
Mem’l Hosp. v. Mercury Constr. Corp., 460 U.S. 1, 12 (1983). Second, “[f]or the
same reason, [the Order] would be entirely unreviewable if not appealed now.” Id.
If the court does not review the claim, it will never be resolved by the Plans.
Third, the Order conclusively determines the disputed question because, while on
its face the Order seems to lack finality, its “practical effect” is to terminate
proceedings in the district court. Id. at 12–13. Since the Plans have no intention of
acting further on this matter, Hoffman is left without recourse to pursue her claim
6 anywhere. Therefore, the requisite elements under this practical interpretation of
the final judgment rule are satisfied. This is an extraordinary case where the Order
leaves Hoffman “effectively out of court” and is therefore final. Id. at 10. Our
jurisdiction is thus proper.
2. The district court erred by not granting the Order in full. Mindful of
the fact that the district court has broad latitude to control its docket, “we will
reverse a district court’s litigation management decision[] . . . if it abused its
discretion . . . .” S. Cal. Edison Co. v. Lynch, 307 F.3d 794, 807 (9th Cir. 2002);
see generally In re Staffer, 306 F.3d 967, 971 (9th Cir. 2002) (stating denial of
motion to reopen a bankruptcy case is reviewed for abuse of discretion); Defs. of
Wildlife v. Bernal, 204 F.3d 920, 928–29 (9th Cir. 2000) (stating denial of motion
to reopen a judgment is reviewed for abuse of discretion). The unusual posture of
this case has understandably led the district court to believe that coverage issues
remain outstanding and are subject to administrative review and exhaustion. But
the Plans insist they decided everything and “issued their final decision by March
of 2016, [triggering] Hoffman [to file Hoffman II] in response.” And while the
parties seem to agree that the Plans decided the occupational nexus question, their
understanding diverges as to whether the Plans have effectively decided the “Total
Disability” component. Moreover, the district court based its Order on the
erroneous assumption that the Plans are “actively” considering—and will decide—
7 Hoffman’s claim.
Notwithstanding this confusion, we think the Plans constructively denied her
claim in whole following the district court’s 2014 administrative remand in
Hoffman I, and in any event 45 days after the stipulated judgment in Hoffman II.
The Plans did not comply with the regulatory time limits for deciding disability
benefits claims. 29 C.F.R. § 2560.503-1(i)(3)(i). Therefore, the regulations deem
as constructively denied Hoffman’s claim in whole, which now entitles her to the
district court’s review. Id. at § 2560.503-1(l)(2)(i).
The district court’s fundamental assumption that the Plans will someday
decide whether Hoffman is totally disabled based on her work as a stunt actress,
and therefore entitled to future health benefits, is inconsistent with the expedited
timeline within which the Plans must act under the ERISA regulations. It was
therefore an abuse of discretion to deny her motion to reopen based on that
assumption. The Plans have done nothing to adjudicate Hoffman’s outstanding
claim for medical coverage under the Health Plan and will do no more because
they believe there is nothing left to be decided. By not finding the Plans had
constructively denied Hoffman’s claim as to the Occupational Disability Pension
continuing health care obligations Hoffman seeks, the district court erred. Id.; see
also S. Cal. Edison Co., 307 F.3d at 807.
Accordingly, we direct the district court to reopen Hoffman I, or to reopen
8 Hoffman II and consolidate the cases below if necessary, and then decide de novo
whether Hoffman is entitled to continuing health benefits. Jebian v. Hewlett-
Packard Co. Emp. Benefits Org. Income Prot. Plan, 349 F.3d 1098, 1103, 1106
(9th Cir. 2003) (holding that deemed denied claims are subject to de novo review).
REVERSED, VACATED, and REMANDED with instructions.
Costs to Appellant.